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Fluoride exposure cause colon microbiota dysbiosis by destroyed microenvironment and disturbed antimicrobial peptides expression in colon
Abstract
Colon microenvironment and microbiota dysbiosis are closely related to various human metabolic diseases. In this study, a total of 72 healthy female mice were exposed to fluoride (F) (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L F - ) in drinking water for 70 days. The effect of F on intestinal barrier and the diversity and composition in colon microbiota have been evaluated. Meanwhile, the relationship among F-induced colon microbiota alterations and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) expression and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) level also been assessed. The results suggested that F decreased the goblet cells number and glycoprotein expression in colon. And further high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing result demonstrated that F exposure induced the diversity and community composition of colonic microbiota significantly changes. Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis identified 11 predominantly characteristic taxa which may be the biomarker in response to F exposure. F-induced intestinal microbiota perturbations lead to the significantly decreased SCFAs levels in colon. Immunofluorescence results showed that F increased the protein expression of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and IL-22 (P < 0.01) and disturbed the expression of interleukin-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) and IL-22R (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In addition, the increased expression of IL-17A and IL-22 cooperatively enhanced the mRNA expression of AMPs which response to F-induced microbiota perturbations. Collectively, destroyed mi…
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“Fluoride supplementation stimulated the production of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-22, IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and NF-κB,10,37,56”
From Effect of Fluoride on Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“a significant upregulation of mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP), β-defensin-1, β-defensin-3, and light chain 3 was observed at high doses (80-100 mg L–1 NaF) and long exposure of up to 70 days.10,37,40,56”
From Effect of Fluoride on Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“In vivo studies showed that fluoride intake by rodents of 100-150 mg L–1 NaF for 1-6 months could lead to a decrease in levels of SCFAs10”
From Effect of Fluoride on Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“These changes resulted in increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-17A and IL-22,10,37 and mucosal sIgA antibody,34,36 that further led to the production of antimicrobial peptides such as CRAMP, β-defensin-1, and β-defensin-3, consequently leading to inflammatory diseases like IBD.10”
From Effect of Fluoride on Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“The changes also were associated with a reduction in levels of glycoproteins and antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, catalase, and GSH, which may cause colorectal cancer and is linked with impairment in the integrity of the intestinal barrier.10,37,49,54”
From Effect of Fluoride on Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [10]
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Does fluoride exposure impact on the human microbiome?
Moran, G. P., Zgaga, L., Daly, B., Harding, M., & Montgomery, T. (2023) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.03.001 · Cited by 18
Effect of Fluoride on Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review
Yasin, M., Zohoori, F. V., Kumah, E. A., Subramanian, M., Dean, P., & Orr, C. H. (2025) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuae202 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhu, S.-Q., Liu, J., Han, B., Zhao, W.-P., Zhou, B.-H., Zhao, J., & Wang, H.-W.
- ORCID
- Wang, Hong-wei
- Venue
- Environmental Pollution
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-01
- Volume
- 292
- Pages
- 118381
- ISSN
- 0269-7491
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 2
- Language
- en
- Licence
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31201963, 32102740)
- Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (202300410120)
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