The DOI matches its Crossref record; 72 of the 75 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Suboxic deep seawater in the late Paleoproterozoic: Evidence from hematitic chert and iron formation related to seafloor-hydrothermal sulfide deposits, central Arizona, USA
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Finally, the likelihood of redox heterogeneities in the oceans (Slack et al., 2007; Sperling et al., 2014; Reinhard et al., 2016) tells us that coeval regions of more and less oxygenated waters may also have been a common feature during the boring billion.”
From Oxygenation, Life, and the Planetary System during Earth's Middle History: An Overview (2021) · cites this paper as Slack et al., 2007
In the citing paper
“The trace and rare-earth element systematics of similar volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits formed at approximately 1.8 Gya, 1.7 Gya, 1.4 Gya, and 1.2 Gya have been interpreted to reflect weakly oxygenated (suboxic) conditions in the deep ocean for at least some periods of the mid-Proterozoic (Little et al. 2021;Slack et al. 2007Slack et al. , 2009)).”
From The History of Ocean Oxygenation (2022) · cites this paper as Slack et al. 2007
In the citing paper
“Importantly, the copper-rich composition of these deposits requires hydrostatic pressure equivalent to a depth of at least ∼1 km to prevent loss of copper prior to mineralization at the seafloor (Slack et al. 2007(Slack et al. , 2009)).”
From The History of Ocean Oxygenation (2022) · cites this paper as Slack et al. 2007
In the citing paper
“Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits, often containing iron-rich chemical sediments and associated sulfide ores rich in copper, provide one of the few windows into true deep-ocean chemistry during mid-Proterozoic time (Slack et al. 2007).”
From The History of Ocean Oxygenation (2022) · cites this paper as Slack et al. 2007
In the citing paper
“and is fully consistent with constraints based on stable uranium isotope systematics (Yang et al. 2017) and the geochemistry of deep-sea volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits (Slack et al. 2007(Slack et al. , 2009)).”
From The History of Ocean Oxygenation (2022) · cites this paper as Slack et al. 2007
In the citing paper
“This observation is unlikely to reflect preservational bias because slightly younger 1.84, 1.79, and 1.78 Ga Cu-rich VMS deposits that similarly formed in arc settings contain abundant hematite and magnetite exhalites, jasper, and IF”
From Iron formations: A global record of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic environmental history (2017) · cites this paper as Slack et al., 2007
Citations
Cites
MURPHY, W. J. (1956) · Chemical & Engineering News · doi:10.1021/cen-v034n034.p4017 · Cited by 3,152
(2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2020-1-04096-5 · Cited by 2,772
McLennan, S. M. (1989) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781501509032-010 · Cited by 2,738
The Chemical Evolution of the Atmosphere and Oceans
Holland, H. D. (1984) · doi:10.1515/9780691220239 · Cited by 1,836
Bau, M., & Dulski, P. (1996) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(95)00087-9 · Cited by 1,687
Rare earth elements in sedimentary rocks; influence of provenance and sedimentary processes
McLennan, S. M. (1989) · Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) · Cited by 1,475
Dating the rise of atmospheric oxygen
Bekker, A., Holland, H. D., Wang, P.-L., Rumble, D., Stein, H. J., Hannah, J. L., Coetzee, L. L., & Beukes, N. J. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02260 · Cited by 1,435 · cited 1×
“32 Ga [1] and after 0.”
Self-citationA new model for Proterozoic ocean chemistry
Canfield, D. E. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/24839 · Cited by 1,243
Proterozoic Ocean Chemistry and Evolution: A Bioinorganic Bridge?
Anbar, A. D., & Knoll, A. H. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1069651 · Cited by 1,191
Late-Neoproterozoic Deep-Ocean Oxygenation and the Rise of Animal Life
Canfield, D. E., Poulton, S. W., & Narbonne, G. M. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1135013 · Cited by 1,000
Research works printed but not linked: 15
- Gross, 1995, vol. 8, 41
- Karlstrom, 1991, Styles and timing of Early Proterozoic deformation in Arizona: constraints on tectonic models, Ariz. Geol. Soc. Dig., 19, 1
- Lindberg, 1987, Field-trip guide to the geology, structure, and alteration of the Jerome, Arizona ore deposits, vol. 5, 176
- Lindberg, 1986, Geology of the Copper Chief mine, Jerome district, Arizona, Ariz. Geol. Soc. Dig., 16, 343
- Lindberg, 1989, Precambrian ore deposits of Arizona, Ariz. Geol. Soc. Dig., 17, 187
- Anderson, 1989, Proterozoic plate tectonic evolution of Arizona, Ariz. Geol. Soc. Dig., 17, 17
- German, 2004, vol. 6, 181
- Hardie, 1970, The evolution of closed-basin brines, vol. 3, 273
- Murray, 1995, vol. 244, 157
- Nozaki, 2001, vol. 4, 2354
- Burr, 1991, Proterozoic stratigraphy and structural geology of the Hieroglyphic Mountains, central Arizona, Ariz. Geol. Soc. Dig., 19, 117
- Burr, 1994, Constraints on timing of Early Proterozoic deformation and metamorphism in the Hieroglyphic Mountains, central Arizona, Abstr. Programs - Geol. Soc. Am., 26, 405
- P.D. Klipfel, Geology and metallogeny of the southern portion of the Encampment district, Colorado and Wyoming, Ph.D. Thesis, Colorado School of Mines, Golden (1992).
- Biste, 2000, vol. 2, 359
- Cornell, 2005, Timing of collisions and thermal events in the ∼1.0 Ga Namaqua-Natal Province of southern Africa, vol. 18
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The rise of oxygen in Earth's early ocean and atmosphere
Lyons, T. W., Reinhard, C. T., & Planavsky, N. J. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13068 · Cited by 2,810
Tracing the stepwise oxygenation of the Proterozoic ocean
Scott, C., Lyons, T. W., Bekker, A., Shen, Y., Poulton, S. W., Chu, X., & Anbar, A. D. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06811 · Cited by 1,098
Self-citationBekker, A., Slack, J. F., Planavsky, N., Krapez, B., Hofmann, A., Konhauser, K. O., & Rouxel, O. J. (2010) · Economic Geology · doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.105.3.467 · Cited by 1,013
Self-citationIron-Oxidizing Bacteria: An Environmental and Genomic Perspective
Emerson, D., Fleming, E. J., & McBeth, J. (2010) · Annual Review of Microbiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.112408.134208 · Cited by 797
The Iron Biogeochemical Cycle Past and Present
Raiswell, R., & Canfield, D. E. (2012) · Geochemical Perspectives · doi:10.7185/geochempersp.1.1 · Cited by 756
Metadata
- Authors
- Slack, J. F., Grenne, T., Bekker, A., Rouxel, O. J., & Lindberg, P. A.
- Affiliations
- United States Geological Survey (US)
- Geological Survey of Norway (NO)
- Carnegie Institution for Science (US)
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (US)
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Énergies de Demain (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Slack, J.F.
- Venue
- Earth and Planetary Science Letters
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-03
- Volume
- 255
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 243-256
- ISSN
- 0012-821X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2166950793
- Cited by
- 277
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 5.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Earth and Planetary Science Letters (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Carnegie Institution of Washington
- U.S. Geological Survey
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Keywords
- Late Paleoproterozoic, banded iron formations, jasper, volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits, seafloor hydrothermal deposits, rare earth elements, cerium anomaly, central Arizona
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review