A late Paleoproterozoic (1.74 Ga) deep‐sea, low‐temperature, iron‐oxidizing microbial hydrothermal vent community from Arizona, USA
Open accessAbstract
Modern marine hydrothermal vents occur in a wide variety of tectonic settings and are characterized by seafloor emission of fluids rich in dissolved chemicals and rapid mineral precipitation. Some hydrothermal systems vent only low‐temperature Fe‐rich fluids, which precipitate deposits dominated by iron oxyhydroxides, in places together with Mn‐oxyhydroxides and amorphous silica. While a proportion of this mineralization is abiogenic, most is the result of the metabolic activities of benthic, Fe‐oxidizing bacteria (FeOB), principally belonging to the Zetaproteobacteria. These micro‐organisms secrete micrometer‐scale stalks, sheaths, and tubes with a variety of morphologies, composed largely of ferrihydrite that act as sacrificial structures, preventing encrustation of the cells that produce them. Cultivated marine FeOB generally require neutral pH and microaerobic conditions to grow. Here, we describe the morphology and mineralogy of filamentous microstructures from a late Paleoproterozoic (1.74 Ga) jasper (Fe‐oxide‐silica) deposit from the Jerome area of the Verde mining district in central Arizona, USA, that resemble the branching tubes formed by some modern marine FeOB. On the basis of this comparison, we interpret the Jerome area filaments as having formed by FeOB on the deep seafloor, at the interface of weakly oxygenated seawater and low‐temperature Fe‐rich hydrothermal fluids. We compare the Jerome area filaments with other purported examples of Precambrian FeOB and discuss the implications of their presence for existing redox models of Paleoproterozoic oceans during the “Boring Billion.”
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Trace and rare-earth element systematics of similar volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits formed at approximately 1.8, 1.7, 1.4, and 1.2 Gya reflect weakly oxygenated (suboxic) conditions in the deep ocean for at least some periods of the mid-Proterozoic.
“The trace and rare-earth element systematics of similar volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits formed at approximately 1.8 Gya, 1.7 Gya, 1.4 Gya, and 1.2 Gya have been interpreted to reflect weakly oxygenated (suboxic) conditions in the deep ocean for at least some periods of the mid-Proterozoic (Little et al. 2021;Slack et al. 2007Slack et al. , 2009)).”
From The History of Ocean Oxygenation (2022) · cites this paper as Little et al. 2021
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Carbon adsorption onto F e oxyhydroxide stalks produced by a lithotrophic iron‐oxidizing bacteria
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Coexistence of Fe(II)- and Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria govern the formation of deep sea umber deposits
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The History of Ocean Oxygenation
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Self-citationThe history of life at hydrothermal vents
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Self-citationDynamic redox and nutrient cycling response to climate forcing in the Mesoproterozoic ocean
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Microbial biosignatures in ancient deep‐sea hydrothermal sulfides
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Evolutionary stasis during the Mesoproterozoic Columbia-Rodinia supercontinent transition
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- Authors
- Little, C. T. S., Johannessen, K. C., Bengtson, S., Chan, C. S., Ivarsson, M., Slack, J. F., Broman, C., Thorseth, I. H., Grenne, T., Rouxel, O. J., & Bekker, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Leeds (GB)
- University of Bergen (NO)
- Swedish Museum of Natural History (SE)
- University of Delaware (US)
- University of Southern Denmark (DK)
- United States Geological Survey (US)
- Stockholm University (SE)
- Geological Survey of Norway (NO)
- Ifremer (FR)
- University of California, Riverside (US)
- Corresponding author
- Little, Crispin T. S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Geobiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-02-16
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 228-249
- ISSN
- 1472-4669 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-4677
- OpenAlex
- W3129511314
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 144
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7
- FWCI
- 4.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Geobiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- DORA PSI (Paul Scherrer Institute) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Diva portal (Dalarna University Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Archive of Ifremer (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Vetenskapsrådet (2012‐4364, 2017‐04129)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Origins and Evolution of Life
- Keywords
- iron-oxidizing bacteria, Zetaproteobacteria, deep-sea microbial communities, ferrihydrite, iron oxyhydroxide, Boring Billion, low-temperature hydrothermal fluids
- MeSH terms
- Arizona, Iron, Oceans and Seas, Oxidation-Reduction, Seawater, Temperature, Hydrothermal Vents
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