Cited by 346Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchGenetics and Neurodevelopmental DisordersNeuroendocrine regulation and behavior

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 74 of the 75 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Blood serotonin levels in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Open access

Gabriele, Stefano, Sacco, Roberto, Persico, Antonio M.·2014·European Neuropsychopharmacology

DOI 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.02.004

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Elevated blood serotonin (5-HT) levels were the first biomarker identified in autism research. Many studies have contrasted blood 5-HT levels in autistic patients and controls, but different measurement protocols, technologies, and biomaterials have been used through the years. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide an overall estimate of effect size and between-study heterogeneity, while verifying whether and to what extent different methodological approaches influence the strength of this association. Our literature search strategy identified 551 papers, from which 22 studies providing patient and control blood 5-HT values were selected for meta-analysis. Significantly higher 5-HT levels in autistic patients compared to controls were recorded both in whole blood (WB) [O.R.=4.6; (3.1-5.2); P=1.0×10(-12]), and in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) [O.R.=2.6 (1.8-3.9); P=2.7×10(-7)]. Predictably, studies measuring 5-HT levels in platelet-poor plasma (PPP) yielded no significant group difference [O.R.=0.54 (0.2-2-0); P=0.36]. Altogether, elevated 5-HT blood levels were recorded in 28.3% in WB and 22.5% in PRP samples of autistic individuals, as reported in 15 and 4 studies, respectively. Studies employing HPLC vs fluorometric assays yield similar cumulative effect sizes, but the former display much lower variability. In summary, despite some limitations mainly due to small study sample sizes, our results significantly reinforce the reliability of elevated 5-HT blood levels as a biomarker in ASD, providing practical indications potentially useful for its inclusion in multi-marker diagnostic panels for clinical use.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.02.004

Cites

74 of 74 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so the self-check wasn’t run.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed.
Carter, M. J. (2014) · Therapeutic Recreation Journal · Cited by 15,154
Meta-analysis: Principles and procedures
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., & Phillips, A. N. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7121.1533 · Cited by 2,415
IDENTIFICATION AND ASSAY OF SEROTONIN IN BRAIN
Bogdanski, D. F., Pletscher, A., Brodie, B. B., & Udenfriend, S. (1956) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)11657-1 · Cited by 861
A transient placental source of serotonin for the fetal forebrain
Bonnin, A., Goeden, N., Chen, K., Wilson, M. L., King, J., Shih, J. C., Blakely, R. D., Deneris, E. S., & Levitt, P. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09972 · Cited by 608
Studies on 5-hydroxyindole metabolism in autistic and other mentally retarded children
Schain, R. J., & Freedman, D. X. (1961) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(61)80261-8 · Cited by 579
Primary Structure of the Human Platelet Serotonin Uptake Site: Identity with the Brain Serotonin Transporter
Lesch, K., Wolozin, B. L., Murphy, D. L., & Riederer, P. F. (1993) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03522.x · Cited by 537
Review article: serotonin receptors and transporters — roles in normal and abnormal gastrointestinal motility
Gershon, M. D. (2004) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02180.x · Cited by 521
Meta-analysis: Its strengths and limitations
WALKER, E., HERNANDEZ, A. V., & KATTAN, M. W. (2008) · Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3949/ccjm.75.6.431 · Cited by 519
Targeting the murine serotonin transporter: insights into human neurobiology
Murphy, D. L., & Lesch, K.-P. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2284 · Cited by 478
The developmental neurobiology of autism spectrum disorder
DiCicco-Bloom, E., Lord, C., Zwaigenbaum, L., Courchesne, E., Dager, S. R., Schmitz, C., Schultz, R. T., Crawley, J., & Young, L. J. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1712-06.2006 · Cited by 434
The serotonin system in autism
Cook, E. H., & LEVENTHAL, B. L. (1996) · Current Opinion in Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00008480-199608000-00008 · Cited by 394
Brain Serotonin and Dopamine Transporter Bindings in Adults With High-Functioning Autism
Nakamura, K., Sekine, Y., Ouchi, Y., Tsujii, M., Yoshikawa, E., Futatsubashi, M., Tsuchiya, K. J., Sugihara, G., Iwata, Y., Suzuki, K., et al. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.137 · Cited by 352
Autism gene variant causes hyperserotonemia, serotonin receptor hypersensitivity, social impairment and repetitive behavior
Veenstra-VanderWeele, J., Muller, C. L., Iwamoto, H., Sauer, J. E., Owens, W. A., Shah, C. R., Cohen, J., Mannangatti, P., Jessen, T., Thompson, B. J., et al. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1112345109 · Cited by 333
Whole blood serotonin in autistic and normal subjects
Anderson, G. M., Freedman, D. X., Cohen, D. J., Volkmar, F. R., Hoder, E. L., McPhedran, P., Minderaa, R. B., Hansen, C. R., & Young, J. G. (1987) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00677.x · Cited by 313
The conundrums of understanding genetic risks for autism spectrum disorders
State, M. W., & Levitt, P. (2011) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2924 · Cited by 306
Quality of interaction between at-risk infants and caregiver at 12–15 months is associated with 3-year autism outcome
Wan, M. W., Green, J., Elsabbagh, M., Johnson, M., Charman, T., Plummer, F., & the BASIS Team (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12032 · Cited by 266
In search of biomarkers for autism: scientific, social and ethical challenges
Walsh, P., Elsabbagh, M., Bolton, P., & Singh, I. (2011) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3113 · Cited by 249
Increased Blood Serotonin and Platelets in Early Infantile Autism
RITVO, E. R. (1970) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1970.01750060086009 · Cited by 248
Hyperserotonemia and amine metabolites in autistic and retarded children
Hanley, H. G. (1977) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1977.01770170031002 · Cited by 230
Biomarkers in autism spectrum disorder: the old and the new
Ruggeri, B., Sarkans, U., Schumann, G., & Persico, A. M. (2013) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3290-7 · Cited by 199
Self-citation
Platelet serotonin levels in Pervasive Developmental Disorders and mental retardation: Diagnostic group differences, within-group distribution, and behavioral correlates
Mulder, E. J., Anderson, G. M., Kema, I. P., de Bildt, A., van Lang, N. D., den Boer, J. A., & Minderaa, R. B. (2004) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200404000-00016 · Cited by 199
Whole blood serotonin and plasma beta-endorphin in autistic probands and their first-degree relatives
Leboyer, M., Philippe, A., Bouvard, M., Guilloud-Bataille, M., Bondoux, D., Tabuteau, F., Feingold, J., Mouren-Simeoni, M.-C., & Launay, J.-M. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00532-5 · Cited by 194
Cortical Serotonin 5-HT 2A Receptor Binding and Social Communication in Adults With Asperger’s Syndrome: An in Vivo SPECT Study
Murphy, D., Daly, E., Schmitz, N., Toal, F., Murphy, K., Curran, S. R., Erlandsson, K., Eersels, J. L. H., Kerwin, R. W., Ell, P. J., et al. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.5.934 · Cited by 186
Human serotonin transporter variants display altered sensitivity to protein kinase G and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
Prasad, H. C., Zhu, C.-B., McCauley, J. L., Samuvel, D. J., Ramamoorthy, S., Shelton, R. C., Hewlett, W. A., Sutcliffe, J. S., & Blakely, R. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0501432102 · Cited by 178
Evidence for Sex-Specific Risk Alleles in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Stone, J. L., Merriman, B., Cantor, R. M., Yonan, A. L., Gilliam, T. C., Geschwind, D. H., & Nelson, S. F. (2004) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/426034 · Cited by 176
Replication of Autism Linkage: Fine-Mapping Peak at 17q21
Cantor, R. M., Kono, N., Duvall, J. A., Alvarez-Retuerto, A., Stone, J. L., Alarcón, M., Nelson, S. F., & Geschwind, D. H. (2005) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/430278 · Cited by 157 · cited 2×
“…in SERT trafficking, especially SLC6A4 and ITGB3, were mapped to autism linkage regions, found to host rare variants causing ASD, or were associated with autism through common variants (Cantor et al., 2005; Coutinho et al., 2004; Napolioni et al., 2011; Stone et al., 2004; Weiss et al., 2004.”
Background
Primary Structure of the Human Platelet Serotonin 5‐HT2A Receptor: Identity with Frontal Cortex Serotonin 5‐HT2A Receptor
Cook, E. H., Fletcher, K. E., Wainwright, M. S., Marks, N., Yan, S., & LEVENTHAL, B. L. (1994) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.63020465.x · Cited by 150
Platelet serotonin, a possible marker for familial autism
Piven, J., Tsai, G. E., Nehme, E., COYLE, J. T., Chase, G. A., & Folstein, S. E. (1991) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02206997 · Cited by 147
A rapid accurate procedure for the determination of serotonin in whole human blood
Yuwiler, A., Plotkin, S., Geller, E., & RITVO, E. R. (1970) · Biochemical Medicine · doi:10.1016/0006-2944(70)90010-4 · Cited by 143
Effects of Diagnosis, Race, and Puberty on Platelet Serotonin Levels in Autism and Mental Retardation
MCBRIDE, P. A., ANDERSON, G. M., HERTZIG, M. E., SNOW, M. E., THOMPSON, S. M., KHAIT, V. D., SHAPIRO, T., & COHEN, D. J. (1998) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199807000-00017 · Cited by 141
Sex-specific genetic architecture of whole blood serotonin levels
Weiss, L. A., Abney, M., Cook, E. H., & Ober, C. (2005) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/426697 · Cited by 137
Variants of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) significantly contribute to hyperserotonemia in autism
Coutinho, A. M., Oliveira, G. G., Morgadinho, T., Fesel, C., Macedo, T. R. A., Bento, C., Marques, C., Ataíde, A., Miguel, T., Borges, L., et al. (2004) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001409 · Cited by 136
Networking in Autism: Leveraging Genetic, Biomarker and Model System Findings in the Search for New Treatments
Veenstra-VanderWeele, J., & Blakely, R. D. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2011.185 · Cited by 128
The Measurement of Platelet-Poor Plasma Serotonin: A Systematic Review of Prior Reports and Recommendations for Improved Analysis
Brand, T., & Anderson, G. M. (2011) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2011.163824 · Cited by 124
Elevated blood serotonin in autistic probands and their first-degree relatives
Abramson, R. K., Wright, H. H., Carpenter, R., Brennan, W., Lumpuy, O., Cole, E., & Young, S. R. (1989) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02212938 · Cited by 123
Hyperserotonemia in Adults with Autistic Disorder
Hranilović, D., Bujas-Petković, Z., Vragović, R., Vuk, T., Hock, K., & Jernej, B. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0324-6 · Cited by 119
Autistic children and their first-degree relatives: relationships between serotonin and norepinephrine levels and intelligence
Cook, E. H., LEVENTHAL, B. L., Heller, W., Metz, J. T., Wainwright, M. S., & Freedman, D. X. (1990) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.2.3.268 · Cited by 107
Principal pathogenetic components and biological endophenotypes in autism spectrum disorders
Sacco, R., Curatolo, P., Manzi, B., Militerni, R., Bravaccio, C., Frolli, A., Lenti, C., Saccani, M., Elia, M., Reichelt, K.-L., et al. (2010) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.151 · Cited by 102
Self-citation
Relationships of whole blood serotonin and plasma norepinephrine within families
Leventhal, B. L., Cook, E. H., Morford, M., Ravitz, A., & Freedman, D. X. (1990) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02216055 · Cited by 102
Variation in ITGB3 is associated with whole-blood serotonin level and autism susceptibility
Weiss, L. A., Kosova, G., Delahanty, R., Jiang, L., Cook, E. H., Ober, C., & Sutcliffe, J. S. (2006) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201644 · Cited by 92
Free serotonin in plasma: Autistic children and their first-degree relatives
Cook, E. H., LEVENTHAL, B. L., & Freedman, D. X. (1988) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(88)90192-8 · Cited by 83
Peripheral Markers of Serotonergic and Noradrenergic Function in Post-Pubertal, Caucasian Males with Autistic Disorder
Croonenberghs, J. (2000) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(99)00131-1 · Cited by 77
Differentiating Autism Spectrum Disorder From Other Developmental Delays In The First Two Years Of Life
Mitchell, S., Cardy, J. O., & Zwaigenbaum, L. (2011) · Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/ddrr.1107 · Cited by 69
Genome-wide association study identifies ITGB3 as a QTL for whole blood serotonin
Weiss, L. A., Veenstra-VanderWeele, J. M., Newman, D. L., Kim, S., Dytch, H. E., McPeek, M. S., Cheng, S., Ober, C., Cook, E. H., & Abney, M. (2004) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201239 · Cited by 68
Blood Serotonin and Free Tryptophan Concentration in Autistic Children
Hoshino, Y., Yamamoto, T., Kaneko, M., Tachibana, R., Watanabe, M., Ono, Y., & Kumashiro, H. (2008) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000118045 · Cited by 65
Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction–Phenomics: A Novel Method to Capture Genetic Heterogeneity with Use of Phenotypic Variables
Mei, H., Cuccaro, M. L., & Martin, E. R. (2007) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/522307 · Cited by 64
Serotonin Relationships of Autistic Probands and Their First-Degree Relatives
Samuel Kuperman, C., Beeghly, J. H. L., Burns, T. L., & Tsai, L. Y. (1985) · Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60446-5 · Cited by 61
Plasma androgens in autism
Tordjman, S., Anderson, G. M., McBride, P., Hertzig, M. E., Snow, M. E., Hall, L. M., Ferrari, P., & Cohen, D. J. (1995) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02179290 · Cited by 61
Family-based association study of ITGB3 in autism spectrum disorder and its endophenotypes
Napolioni, V., Lombardi, F., Sacco, R., Curatolo, P., Manzi, B., Alessandrelli, R., Militerni, R., Bravaccio, C., Lenti, C., Saccani, M., et al. (2010) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/ejhg.2010.180 · Cited by 58
Self-citation
Serotonin transporter gene promoter variants do not explain the hyperserotoninemia in autistic children
Persico, A. M., Pascucci, T., Puglisi‐Allegra, S., Militerni, R., Bravaccio, C., Schneider, C., Melmed, R. D., Trillo, S., Montecchi, F., Palermo, M. T., et al. (2002) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001069 · Cited by 57
Self-citation
Hyperserotoninemia and antiserotonin antibodies in autism and other disorders
Yuwiler, A., Shih, J. C., Chen, C.-H., RITVO, E. R., Hanna, G. L., Ellison, G. W., & King, B. H. (1992) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf01046401 · Cited by 53
Urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and whole blood serotonin and tryptophan in autistic and normal subjects
Minderaa, R. B., Anderson, G. M., Volkmar, F. R., Akkerhuis, G. W., & Cohen, D. J. (1987) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(87)90002-3 · Cited by 52
Increased Density of the Platelet Serotonin Transporter in Autism
Marazziti, D., Muratori, F., Cesari, A., Másala, I., Baroni, S., Giannaccini, G., Dell’Osso, L., Cosenza, A., Pfanner, P., & Cassano, G. (2000) · Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1055/s-2000-7588 · Cited by 47
Examination of circadian rhythmicity of blood serotonin and platelets in autistic and non-autistic children
Yuwiler, A., RITVO, E. R., Bald, D., Kipper, D. A., & Koper, A. (1971) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf01540533 · Cited by 47
ITGB3 shows genetic and expression interaction with SLC6A4
Weiss, L. A., Ober, C., & Cook, E. H. (2006) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-006-0196-z · Cited by 45
Plasma Serotonin in Autism
Connors, S. L., Matteson, K. J., Sega, G. A., Lozzio, C. B., Carroll, R. C., & Zimmerman, A. W. (2006) · Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2006.02.010 · Cited by 45
Roles for Serotonin in Neurodevelopment: More than just Neural Transmission
Pino, G. D., Moessner, R., Lesch, K., Lauder, J. M., & Persico, A. M. (2004) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159043359495 · Cited by 44
Self-citation
Neuroimaging and Neurochemistry of Autism
Chugani, D. C. (2012) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2011.10.002 · Cited by 44
Low Platelet-Poor Plasma Levels of Serotonin in Adult Autistic Patients
Spivak, B., Golubchik, P., Mozes, T., Vered, Y., Nechmad, A., Weizman, A., & Strous, R. D. (2004) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000079108 · Cited by 42
Blood Serotonin Levels in Adults, Autistic and Non-Autistic Children—With a Comparison of Different Methodologies
Badcock, N. R., Spence, J. G., & Stern, L. M. (1987) · Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1177/000456328702400613 · Cited by 41
Whole-blood serotonin and cognitive functioning in autistic individuals and their first-degree relatives
Cuccaro, M. L., Wright, H. H., Abramson, R. K., Marsteller, F., & Valentine, J. (1993) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.5.1.94 · Cited by 40
Kinetics of3H-Serotonin uptake by platelets in infantile autism and developmental language disorder (including five pairs of twins)
Katsui, T., Okuda, M., Usuda, S., & Koizumi, T. (1986) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf01531579 · Cited by 39
Brief Report: Platelet-Poor Plasma Serotonin in Autism
Anderson, G. M., Hertzig, M. E., & McBride, P. (2011) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-011-1371-1 · Cited by 35
Platelet size, number, and serotonin content in blood of autistic, childhood schizophrenic, and normal children
Geller, E., Yuwiler, A., Freeman, B. J., & RITVO, E. R. (1988) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02211822 · Cited by 34
Experimental Models in Serotonin Transporter Research
(2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511729935 · Cited by 29
Whole blood serotonin and tryptophan in autism: Temporal stability and the effects of medication
Minderaa, R. B., Anderson, G. M., Volkmar, F. R., Harcherick, D., Akkerhuis, G. W., & Cohen, D. J. (1989) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02212724 · Cited by 28
Stem cells and modeling of autism spectrum disorders
Freitas, B. C. G., Trujillo, C. A., Carromeu, C., Yusupova, M., Herai, R. H., & Muotri, A. R. (2014) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.09.017 · Cited by 27
Platelet 5-HT2 serotonin receptor binding sites in autistic children and their first-degree relatives
Perry, B. D., Cook, E. H., LEVENTHAL, B. L., Wainwright, M. S., & Freedman, D. X. (1991) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(91)90165-i · Cited by 20
The platelet‐poor plasma 5‐HT response to carbohydrate rich meal administration in adult autistic patients compared with normal controls
Vered, Y., Golubchik, P., Mozes, T., Strous, R. D., Nechmad, A., Mester, R., Weizman, A., & Spivak, B. (2003) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.489 · Cited by 15
Platelet Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 Density in the Disruptive Behavior Disorders
Zalsman, G., Aslanov-Farbstein, D., Rehavi, M., Roz, N., Vermeiren, R. R. J. M., Laor, N., Weizman, A., & Toren, P. (2011) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2010.0148 · Cited by 10
[Platelet serotonin concentrations in autistic children and members of their families].
de Villard, R., Flachaire, E., Jm, T., Jean Dalery, A., Maillet, J., Chauvin, C., Quincy, C., & Renaud, B. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 5
Developmental roles of the serotonin transporter
Persico, A. M. (2010) · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Untitled work
Price (1999) · doi:10.1002/1531-8249(199903)45:3

Sorted by citations

Rodent models in neuroscience research: is it a rat race?
Ellenbroek, B., & Youn, J. (2016) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.026120 · Cited by 627
The serotonin system in autism spectrum disorder: From biomarker to animal models
Muller, C. L., Anacker, A. M. J., & Veenstra-VanderWeele, J. (2016) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.11.010 · Cited by 531
Candidate biomarkers in psychiatric disorders: state of the field
Abi‐Dargham, A., Moeller, S. J., Ali, F., DeLorenzo, C., Domschke, K., Horga, G., Jutla, A., Kotov, R., Paulus, M. P., Rubio, J. M., et al. (2023) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.21078 · Cited by 421
Composition of gut microbiota in children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Iglesias-Vázquez, L., Van Ginkel Riba, G., Arija, V., & Canals, J. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12030792 · Cited by 352
Autism spectrum disorder: Consensus guidelines on assessment, treatment and research from the British Association for Psychopharmacology
Howes, O. D., Rogdaki, M., Findon, J. L., Wichers, R. H., Charman, T., King, B. H., Loth, E., McAlonan, G. M., McCracken, J. T., Parr, J. R., et al. (2018) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881117741766 · Cited by 342

See all 346

Authors: Gabriele, S., Sacco, R., & Persico, A. M.
Affiliations: Università Campus Bio-Medico (IT)
Corresponding author: Persico, Antonio M.
ORCID: Gabriele, Stefano
Sacco, Roberto
Persico, Antonio M.
Venue: European Neuropsychopharmacology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-06
Volume: 24
Issue: 6
Pages: 919-929
ISSN: 0924-977X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.02.004
OpenAlex: W2158197814
Cited by: 346
References: 75
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 14
FWCI: 2.36
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: cc-by
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: European Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, blood serotonin, serotonin, biomarkers, platelet-rich plasma, whole blood, platelet-poor plasma, diagnostic panel, methodological heterogeneity
MeSH terms: Blood Chemical Analysis, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Humans, Serotonin, Biomarkers, Platelet-Rich Plasma, Endophenotypes

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Blood serotonin levels in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks