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Cited by 95Nutrition and Health in AgingMuscle Physiology and DisordersCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Randomized, four-arm, dose-response clinical trial to optimize resistance exercise training for older adults with age-related muscle atrophy

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Stec, Michael J., Thalacker-Mercer, Anna, Mayhew, David L., Kelly, Neil A., Tuggle, S. Craig, Merritt, Edward K., Brown, Cynthia J., Windham, Samuel T. +7 more·2017·Experimental Gerontology
DOI 10.1016/j.exger.2017.09.018PMC PMC5765758
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Abstract

Purpose The myriad consequences of age-related muscle atrophy include reduced muscular strength, power, and mobility; increased risk of falls, disability, and metabolic disease; and compromised immune function. At its root, aging muscle atrophy results from a loss of myofibers and atrophy of the remaining type II myofibers. The purpose of this trial (NCT02442479) was to titrate the dose of resistance training (RT) in older adults in an effort to maximize muscle regrowth and gains in muscle function.Methods A randomized, four-arm efficacy trial in which four, distinct exercise prescriptions varying in intensity, frequency, and contraction mode/rate were evaluated: (1) high-resistance concentric-eccentric training (H) 3d/week (HHH); (2) H training 2d/week (HH); (3) 3d/week mixed model consisting of H training 2d/week separated by 1 bout of low-resistance, high-velocity, concentric only (L) training (HLH); and (4) 2d/week mixed model consisting of H training 1d/week and L training 1d/week (HL). Sixty-four randomized subjects (65.5±3.6y) completed the trial. All participants completed the same 4weeks of pre-training consisting of 3d/week followed by 30weeks of randomized RT.Results The HLH prescription maximized gains in thigh muscle mass (TMM, primary outcome) and total body lean mass. HLH also showed the greatest gains in knee extension maximum isometric strength, and reduced cardiorespiratory demand during steady-state walking. HHH was the only prescription that led to increased muscle expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine receptors and this was associated with a lesser gain in TMM and total body lean mass compared to HLH. The HL prescription induced minimal muscle regrowth and generally lesser gains in muscle performance vs. the other prescriptions.Major conclusions The HLH prescription offers distinct advantages over the other doses, while the HL program is subpar. Although limited by a relatively small sample size, we conclude from this randomized dose-response trial that older adults benefit greatly from 2d/week high-intensity RT, and may further benefit from inserting an additional weekly bout of low-load, explosive RT.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT02442479.

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  • In men and women aged 60-75 with sarcopenia, 2 days of high-resistance concentric exercise with one bout of low-resistance exercise increased muscle expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine receptors, maximized muscle mass and total lean mass, and improved knee extension.

    “2 days of high-resistance concentric exercise with one bout of low-resistance exercise increased muscle expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine receptors, maximized muscle mass and total lean mass and improved knee extension283”

    From Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies (2018) · cites this paper as [283]

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  • A high-intensity resistance training regimen significantly decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine receptors and maximized thigh muscle mass and overall lean body mass in older adults.

    “significantly decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine receptors and maximized thigh muscle mass and overall lean body mass in older adults [21].”

    From Exerkines and Sarcopenia: Unveiling the Mechanism Behind Exercise-Induced Mitochondrial Homeostasis (2025) · cites this paper as [21]

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  1. [36]Bamman MM Petrella JK Kim JS Mayhew DL Cross JM Cluster analysis tests the importance of myogenic gene expression during myofiber hypertrophy in humans J Appl Physiol 2007 102 6 2232 2239 17395765

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Authors
Stec, M. J., Thalacker-Mercer, A., Mayhew, D. L., Kelly, N. A., Tuggle, S. C., Merritt, E. K., Brown, C. J., Windham, S. T., Dell'Italia, L. J., Bickel, C. S., Roberts, B. M., Vaughn, K. M., Isakova-Donahue, I., Many, G. M., & Bamman, M. M.
Affiliations
University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
Corresponding author
Bamman, Marcas M.
ORCID
Venue
Experimental Gerontology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2017-12
Volume
99
Pages
98-109
ISSN
0531-5565 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.exger.2017.09.018
PMC
PMC5765758
OpenAlex
W2759965512
Cited by
95
References
48
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 2
FWCI
6.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Experimental Gerontology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • NIH (5R01AG017896, P2CHD086851, T32HD071866, F31AG044109, F30AG031623, F32AR060670)
  • UAB Center for Exercise Medicine
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
resistance training, sarcopenia, age-related muscle loss, older adults, dose-response relationship, high-intensity training, muscle mass, lean body mass, quadriceps strength, exercise frequency
MeSH terms
Whey Proteins, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Age Factors, Aged, Aging, Alabama, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Isometric Contraction, Male, Middle Aged, Muscle Proteins, Muscular Atrophy, Time Factors, Absorptiometry, Photon, Geriatric Assessment, Treatment Outcome, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fatigue, Dietary Supplements, Recovery of Function, Muscle Strength, Resistance Training

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