Translational signaling responses preceding resistance training-mediated myofiber hypertrophy in young and old humans

Mayhew, David L.; Kim, Jeong-su; Cross, James M.; Ferrando, Arny A.; Bamman, Marcas M.

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.91234.2008

Cited by 215Muscle metabolism and nutritionMuscle Physiology and DisordersSports Performance and Training

Translational signaling responses preceding resistance training-mediated myofiber hypertrophy in young and old humans

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Mayhew, David L., Kim, Jeong-su, Cross, James M., Ferrando, Arny A., Bamman, Marcas M.·2009·Journal of Applied Physiology

DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.91234.2008PMC PMC2777794

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Abstract

While skeletal muscle protein accretion during resistance training (RT)-mediated myofiber hypertrophy is thought to result from upregulated translation initiation signaling, this concept is based on responses to a single bout of unaccustomed resistance exercise (RE) with no measure of hypertrophy across RT. Further, aging appears to affect acute responses to RE, but whether age differences in responsiveness persist during RT leading to impaired RT adaptation is unclear. We therefore tested whether muscle protein fractional synthesis rate (FSR) and Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in response to unaccustomed RE differed in old vs. young adults, and whether age differences in acute responsiveness were associated with differences in muscle hypertrophy after 16 wk of RT. Fifteen old and 21 young adult subjects completed the 16-wk study. The phosphorylation states of Akt, S6K1, ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6), eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) binding protein (4EBP1), eIF4E, and eIF4G were all elevated (23-199%) 24 h after a bout of unaccustomed RE. A concomitant 62% increase in FSR was found in a subset (6 old, 8 young). Age x time interaction was found only for RPS6 phosphorylation (+335% in old subjects only), while there was an interaction trend (P = 0.084) for FSR (+96% in young subjects only). After 16 wk of RT, gains in muscle mass, type II myofiber size, and voluntary strength were similar in young and old subjects. In conclusion, at the level of translational signaling, we found no evidence of impaired responsiveness among older adults, and for the first time, we show that changes in translational signaling after unaccustomed RE were associated with substantial muscle protein accretion (hypertrophy) during continued RT.

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Acute increases in mTOR signaling markers following one bout of resistance exercise are associated with muscle hypertrophy following weeks of resistance training.
“acute increases in mTOR signaling markers following one bout of resistance exercise are associated with muscle hypertrophy following weeks of resistance training (Terzis et al., 2008; Hulmi et al., 2009; Mayhew et al., 2009; Mitchell et al., 2013)”
From Skeletal Muscle Ribosome and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Response to Different Exercise Training Modalities (2021) · cites this paper as Mayhew et al., 2009

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Authors: Mayhew, D. L., Kim, J.-S., Cross, J. M., Ferrando, A. A., & Bamman, M. M.
Affiliations: Birmingham VA Medical Center (US)
University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (US)
Corresponding author: Bamman, Marcas M.
ORCID: Mayhew, David L.
Cross, James M.
Ferrando, Arny A.
Bamman, Marcas M.
Venue: Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 2009-11
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Pages: 1655-1662
ISSN: 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
8750-7587
1522-1601
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.91234.2008
PMC: PMC2777794
OpenAlex: W2170175969
Cited by: 215
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 7.86
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
University of Alabama at Birmingham
National Institute on Aging (F30AG031623, R01AG017896)
National Center for Research Resources (M01RR00032, M01RR000032)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords: resistance training, muscle fiber hypertrophy, skeletal muscle protein synthesis, fractional synthesis rate, mTOR signaling, Akt signaling, translation initiation, aging, older adults, acute exercise response, ribosomal protein S6, eIF4E, 4E-BP1, S6K1, muscle mass gain
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Hypertrophy, Male, Middle Aged, Muscle Proteins, Signal Transduction, Muscle, Skeletal, Protein Modification, Translational, Resistance Training, Young Adult

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Translational signaling responses preceding resistance training-mediated myofiber hypertrophy in young and old humans

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