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Cited by 167Muscle Physiology and DisordersMuscle metabolism and nutritionCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Effects of high-intensity resistance training on untrained older men. II. Muscle fiber characteristics and nucleo-cytoplasmic relationships

Hikida, R. S., Staron, R. S., Hagerman, F. C., Walsh, S., Kaiser, E., Shell, S., Hervey, S.·2000·The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
DOI 10.1093/gerona/55.7.b347
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Abstract

During growth and repair of skeletal muscle fibers, satellite cells become activated, undergo mitosis, and a daughter nucleus becomes incorporated into the muscle fiber to increase myonuclear numbers. An increase in myonuclei appears to be required for this postnatal growth. This study examined whether muscle fibers of elderly men can hypertrophy with strength training and, if so, whether they have the capacity to incorporate nuclei into the fibers. The sarcoplasmic area associated with each myonucleus was calculated in nine elderly men before and after 16 weeks of strength training, and compared to nine elderly control men. Muscle fiber type changes and myosin heavy chain composition were also compared. All major fiber types (I, IIA, IIB) became significantly larger after training, and a transition of type IIB fibers to IIA occurred with training. The area occupied by each fiber type correlated with myosin heavy chain percentage, and both of these changed similarly with strength training. The cytoplasm-to-myonucleus ratio increased, but not significantly (p = .07), with muscle fiber hypertrophy. Number of myonuclei per fiber and myonuclei per unit length of muscle fiber increased, but not significantly. Cross-sectional areas of the muscle fibers in untrained elderly men were much smaller than in untrained young men (when compared with our earlier studies). Training increased the sizes of the elderly muscle fibers to that of the untrained young men. This hypertrophy of muscle fibers by 30% with training resulted in no change in the cytoplasm-to-myonucleus ratio. This suggests that the myonuclear population continues to adapt to growth stimuli in the elderly muscles.

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Authors
Hikida, R. S., Staron, R. S., Hagerman, F. C., Walsh, S., Kaiser, E., Shell, S., & Hervey, S.
Affiliations
Ohio University (US)
Corresponding author
Hikida, R. S.
ORCID
Walsh, S.
Venue
The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2000-07-01
Volume
55
Issue
7
Pages
B347-B354
ISSN
  • 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
  • 1758-535X
DOI
10.1093/gerona/55.7.b347
OpenAlex
W2143427836
Cited by
167
References
42
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 4
FWCI
2.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Journals of Gerontology Series A (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
high-intensity resistance training, resistance training, older men, muscle fiber hypertrophy, myonuclear number, satellite cells, myosin heavy chain isoforms, muscle fiber type transition, skeletal muscle growth, aging
MeSH terms
Adenosine Triphosphatases, Aged, Biopsy, Needle, Cell Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Humans, Leg, Male, Middle Aged, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Myosin Heavy Chains

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