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Cited by 81Muscle Physiology and DisordersMuscle metabolism and nutritionNutrition and Health in Aging

The effects of concurrent training order on body composition and serum concentrations of follistatin, myostatin and GDF11 in sarcopenic elderly men

Bagheri, Reza, Moghadam, Babak Hooshmand, Church, David D., Tinsley, Grant M., Eskandari, Mozhgan, Moghadam, Bizhan Hooshmand, Motevalli, Mohammad S., Baker, Julien S. +2 more·2020·Experimental Gerontology
DOI 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110869
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Abstract

Background Due to the important role of follistatin (FLST), myostatin (MSTN) and growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) in muscle mass regulation; alterations in the FLST to MSTN ratio (F:M) may result in muscle mass changes in response to different concurrent training (CT) order. This study investigated the influence of 8 weeks of CT order on body composition and serum concentrations of FLST, MSTN, their ratio (F:M) and GDF11 in sarcopenic elderly men.Methods Thirty sarcopenic elderly men (age = 64.3 ± 3.5 years) were randomly assigned into one of three groups, endurance followed by resistance training (E + R; n = 10), resistance followed by endurance training (R + E; n = 10) or control (C; n = 10). Serum concentrations of muscle regulatory markers, body composition, maximum rate of oxygen consumption (VO 2max), and upper and lower body strength were evaluated at baseline and after 8 weeks. The training protocol consisted of three training sessions per week for eight weeks.Results There were significant group-by-time interactions (P < 0.05) for FLST, MSTN, GDF11 and F:M ratio. FLST (E + R = 187 pg/mL and R + E = 292 pg/mL) and F:M ratio (E + R = 0.20 and R + E = 0.27) significantly increased (P < 0.05) while MSTN (E + R = -308 pg/mL and R + E = -294 pg/mL) and GDF11 (E + R = -12 pg/mL and R + E = -10 pg/mL) significantly decreased (P < 0.05) following eight weeks in the E + R and R + E compared to no changes in the C group. In addition, there were significant group x time interactions (P < 0.01) for weight, BMI, body fat percentage (BFP), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), VO 2max, upper body strength, and lower body strength. BFP (E + R = -1.5% and R + E = -2%) significantly decreased (P < 0.01) while weight (E + R = 2.4 kg and R + E = 1.1 kg), BMI (E + R = 0.8 kg/m 2 and R + E = 0.3 kg/m 2), SMM (E + R = 0.7 kg and R + E = 0.5 kg), VO 2max (E + R = 2.0 mL/kg/min and R + E = 1.8 mL/kg/min), upper body strength (E + R = 6.9 kg and R + E = 2.3 kg), and lower body strength (E + R = 9.8 kg and R + E = 4.4 kg) significantly increased (P < 0.01) in the E + R and R + E compared to no changes in the C group.Conclusions CT increases the F:M ratio and FLST as well as reducing MSTN and GDF11 in sarcopenic elderly men. Additionally, CT improved weight, body composition, muscle mass, function, and aerobic fitness. Notably, these results after CT were achieved irrespective of endurance and resistance exercise order in this population.

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  • Eight-week concurrent training (resistance and endurance training, three sessions per week) reduced myostatin and improved body composition, muscle mass, and function in sarcopenic elderly men.

    “An eight-week concurrent training (resistance and endurance training, three training sessions per week) reduced myostatin and improved body composition, muscle mass, and function in sarcopenic elderly men [112].”

    From Exerkines and Sarcopenia: Unveiling the Mechanism Behind Exercise-Induced Mitochondrial Homeostasis (2025) · cites this paper as [112]

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Authors
Bagheri, R., Moghadam, B. H., Church, D. D., Tinsley, G. M., Eskandari, M., Moghadam, B. H., Motevalli, M. S., Baker, J. S., Robergs, R. A., & Wong, A.
Affiliations
  • University of Isfahan (IR)
  • Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (IR)
  • University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (US)
  • Texas Tech University (US)
  • University of Birjand (IR)
  • Hong Kong Baptist University (HK)
  • Queensland University of Technology (AU)
  • Marymount University (US)
Corresponding author
Wong, Alexei
ORCID
Venue
Experimental Gerontology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2020-05
Volume
133
Pages
110869
ISSN
0531-5565 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.exger.2020.110869
OpenAlex
W3004678050
Cited by
81
References
60
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 11
FWCI
4.54
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Experimental Gerontology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Default journal
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
Keywords
sarcopenia, older men, follistatin, myostatin, GDF11, F/M ratio, endurance training, resistance training, body composition, skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, VO2max, fat-free mass, muscle mass regulation, sarcopenic obesity
MeSH terms
Aged, Body Composition, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Muscle, Skeletal, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Follistatin, Muscle Strength, Resistance Training, Growth Differentiation Factors, Myostatin, Sarcopenia

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