Interference between concurrent resistance and endurance exercise: Molecular bases and the role of individual training variables

Fyfe, Jackson J.; Bishop, David J.; Stepto, Nigel K.

doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0162-1

Cited by 347Muscle metabolism and nutritionSports Performance and TrainingCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Interference between concurrent resistance and endurance exercise: Molecular bases and the role of individual training variables

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Fyfe, Jackson J., Bishop, David J., Stepto, Nigel K.·2014·Sports Medicine

DOI 10.1007/s40279-014-0162-1

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Abstract

Concurrent training is defined as simultaneously incorporating both resistance and endurance exercise within a periodized training regime. Despite the potential additive benefits of combining these divergent exercise modes with regards to disease prevention and athletic performance, current evidence suggests that this approach may attenuate gains in muscle mass, strength, and power compared with undertaking resistance training alone. This has been variously described as the interference effect or concurrent training effect. In recent years, understanding of the molecular mechanisms mediating training adaptation in skeletal muscle has emerged and provided potential mechanistic insight into the concurrent training effect. Although it appears that various molecular signaling responses induced in skeletal muscle by endurance exercise can inhibit pathways regulating protein synthesis and stimulate protein breakdown, human studies to date have not observed such molecular 'interference' following acute concurrent exercise that might explain compromised muscle hypertrophy following concurrent training. However, given the multitude of potential concurrent training variables and the limitations of existing evidence, the potential roles of individual training variables in acute and chronic interference are not fully elucidated. The present review explores current evidence for the molecular basis of the specificity of training adaptation and the concurrent interference phenomenon. Additionally, insights provided by molecular and performance-based concurrent training studies regarding the role of individual training variables (i.e., within-session exercise order, between-mode recovery, endurance training volume, intensity, and modality) in the concurrent interference effect are discussed, along with the limitations of our current understanding of this complex paradigm.

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High-volume endurance exercise blunts macroscopic strength and hypertrophy adaptations, a phenomenon known as the "interference effect".
“Since Hickson’s foundational observations in 1980, sports scientists have recognized that high-volume endurance exercise blunts macroscopic strength and hypertrophy adaptations, a phenomenon known as the “interference effect” [128,129].”
From Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators (2026) · cites this paper as [129]
The energetic stress of endurance training activates AMPK, which subsequently phosphorylates TSC2 to directly inhibit mTORC1, thereby immediately halting acute muscle protein synthesis.
“For decades, the molecular rationale for this interference was attributed exclusively to a conflict of translational efficiency: the energetic stress of endurance training activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which subsequently phosphorylates TSC2 to directly inhibit mTORC1, thereby immediately halting acute muscle protein synthesis [129,130].”
From Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators (2026) · cites this paper as [129]
When human participants perform concurrent training, the acute post-exercise accumulation of specific ribosomal transcripts and nucleolar signaling cascades is significantly blunted compared to resistance training alone.
“Fyfe, Hawley, and Stepto conducted rigorous in vivo investigations demonstrating that when human participants perform concurrent training, the acute post-exercise accumulation of specific ribosomal transcripts and nucleolar signaling cascades is significantly blunted compared to resistance training alone [129,136].”
From Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators (2026) · cites this paper as [129]
Fyfe et al. (2014) review challenges the notion that concurrent training interferes with resistance training adaptations.
“However, a comprehensive review by Fyfe et al. (2014) challenges the notion as to whether concurrent training interferes with resistance training adaptations.”
From Skeletal Muscle Ribosome and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Response to Different Exercise Training Modalities (2021) · cites this paper as Fyfe et al. (2014)
The molecular bases for skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism and hypertrophy training adaptations are different and can be potentially antagonistic.
“Notably, although NO3− supplementation has been reported to enhance the adaptations to sprint interval training [62,147], the molecular bases for skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism and hypertrophy training adaptations are different and can be potentially antagonistic [148,149].”
From Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Weightlifting Exercise Performance in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review (2020) · cites this paper as [149]

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Concurrent Training with Different Aerobic Exercises
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Performance and neuromuscular adaptations following differing ratios of concurrent strength and endurance training
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Low muscle glycogen concentration does not suppress the anabolic response to resistance exercise
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Hormonal Responses to Concurrent Strength and Endurance Training with Different Exercise Orders
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Are adaptations to combined endurance and strength training affected by the sequence of training?
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Eukaryotic initiation factor 2B epsilon induces cap‐dependent translation and skeletal muscle hypertrophy
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Skeletal muscle eEF2 and 4EBP1 phosphorylation during endurance exercise is dependent on intensity and muscle fiber type
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Molecular Adaptations to Concurrent Training
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Comparison of Two Lower-Body Modes of Endurance Training on Lower-Body Strength Development While Concurrently Training
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A Review: The Effects of Combined Strength and Endurance Training on Strength Development
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Rapid induction of REDD1 expression by endurance exercise in rat skeletal muscle
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Unraveling the Complexities of SIRT1-Mediated Mitochondrial Regulation in Skeletal Muscle
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Untitled work
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PERFORMANCE AND NEUROMUSCULAR ADAPTATIONS FOLLOWING DIFFERING RATIOS OF CONCURRENT STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE TRAINING
Jones, T. W. A., Howatson, G., Russell, M. A., & French, D. N. (2013) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3182903221 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The effect of endurance exercise on muscle force generating capacity of the lower limbs
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Does Short-Term Near-Maximal Intensity Machine Resistance Training Induce Overtraining?
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Understanding Skeletal Muscle Adaptation to Exercise Training in Humans: Contributions from Microarray Studies
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Protein synthesis a low priority for exercising muscle
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Can AMPK mediated suppression of mTORC1 explain the concurrent training effect?
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Creatine Monohydrate Use Among Elite Australian Power Lifters
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Diminished muscle growth in the obese Zucker rat following overload is associated with hyperphosphorylation of AMPK and dsRNA-dependent protein kinase
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Resistance Training for Older Adults: Position Statement From the National Strength and Conditioning Association
Fragala, M. S., Cadore, E. L., Dorgo, S., Izquierdo, M., Kraemer, W. J., Peterson, M. D., & Ryan, E. D. (2019) · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000003230 · Cited by 1,290 · see citing works
Sarcopenia from mechanism to diagnosis and treatment in liver disease
Dasarathy, S., & Merli, M. (2016) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2016.07.040 · Cited by 608 · see citing works
Concurrent exercise training: do opposites distract?
Coffey, V. G., & Hawley, J. A. (2017) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp272270 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Strength training in soccer with a specific focus on highly trained players
Silva, J. R., Nassis, G. P., & Rebelo, A. (2015) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-015-0006-z · Cited by 224 · see citing works
The Impact of Resistance Training on Swimming Performance: A Systematic Review
Crowley, E., Harrison, A. J., & Lyons, M. (2017) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0730-2 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Minimal-dose resistance training for improving muscle mass, strength, and function: A narrative review of current evidence and practical considerations
Fyfe, J. J., Hamilton, D. L., & Daly, R. M. (2022) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01605-8 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
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The Transition Period in Soccer: A Window of Opportunity
Silva, J. R., Brito, J., Akenhead, R., & Nassis, G. P. (2015) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-015-0419-3 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Effects of Strength Training on Running Economy in Highly Trained Runners: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials
Balsalobre‐Fernández, C., Santos‐Concejero, J., & Grivas, G. V. (2015) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001316 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Skeletal muscle hypertrophy with concurrent exercise training: Contrary evidence for an interference effect
Murach, K. A., & Bagley, J. R. (2016) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0496-y · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Transference effect of vertical and horizontal plyometrics on sprint performance of high-level U-20 soccer players
Loturco, I., Pereira, L. A., Kobal, R., Zanetti, V., Kitamura, K., Abad, C. C. C., & Nakamura, F. Y. (2015) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2015.1081394 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
How to Construct, Conduct and Analyze an Exercise Training Study?
Hecksteden, A., Faude, O., Meyer, T., & Donath, L. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01007 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
The physiological effects of concurrent strength and endurance training sequence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Murlasits, Z., Kneffel, Z., & Thalib, L. (2018) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2017.1364405 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Compatibility of Concurrent Aerobic and Strength Training for Skeletal Muscle Size and Function: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Schumann, M., Feuerbacher, J. F., Sünkeler, M., Freitag, N., Rønnestad, B. R., Doma, K., & Lundberg, T. R. (2022) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01587-7 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Optimising training adaptations and performance in military environment
Kyröläinen, H., Pihlainen, K., Vaara, J. P., Ojanen, T., & Santtila, M. (2017) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2017.11.019 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Genetics and sports performance: the present and future in the identification of talent for sports based on DNA testing
Varillas‐Delgado, D., Coso, J. D., Gutiérrez‐Hellín, J., Aguilar‐Navarro, M., Muñoz, A., Maestro, A., & Morencos, E. (2022) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-022-04945-z · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Performance in sports – With specific emphasis on the effect of intensified training
Bangsbo, J. (2015) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12605 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Resistance Training Recommendations to Maximize Muscle Hypertrophy in an Athletic Population: Position Stand of the IUSCA
Schoenfeld, B. J., Fisher, J. P., Grgić, J., Haun, C. T., Helms, E. R., Phillips, S. M., Steele, J., & Vigotsky, A. D. (2021) · International Journal of Strength and Conditioning · doi:10.47206/ijsc.v1i1.81 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Neuromuscular Responses to Conditioned Soccer Sessions Assessed via GPS-Embedded Accelerometers: Insights Into Tactical Periodization
Buchheit, M., Lacome, M., Cholley, Y., & Simpson, B. M. (2017) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2017-0045 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Periodization and Block Periodization in Sports: Emphasis on Strength-Power Training—A Provocative and Challenging Narrative
Stone, M. H., Hornsby, W. G., Haff, G. G., Fry, A. C., Suarez, D. G., Liu, J., González‐Ravé, J. M., & Pierce, K. C. (2021) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000004050 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Sarcopenia: Ammonia metabolism and hepatic encephalopathy
Jindal, A., & Jagdish, R. K. (2019) · Clinical and Molecular Hepatology · doi:10.3350/cmh.2019.0015 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Glycogen availability and skeletal muscle adaptations with endurance and resistance exercise
Knuiman, P., Hopman, M. T. E., & Mensink, M. (2015) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-015-0055-9 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
A Brief Review on Concurrent Training: From Laboratory to the Field
Methenitis, S. K. (2018) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports6040127 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Physical training considerations for optimizing performance in essential military tasks
Vaara, J. P., Groeller, H., Drain, J. R., Kyröläinen, H., Pihlainen, K., Ojanen, T., Connaboy, C., Santtila, M., Agostinelli, P. J., & Nindl, B. C. (2021) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2021.1930193 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
The role of intra-session exercise sequence in the interference effect: a systematic review with meta-analysis.
Eddens, L., van Someren, K., & Howatson, G. (2018) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0784-1 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Physical Fitness Among Swedish Military Conscripts and Long-Term Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Crump, C., Sundquist, J., Winkleby, M. A., Sieh, W., & Sundquist, K. (2016) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m15-2002 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Effects of morning versus evening combined strength and endurance training on physical performance, muscle hypertrophy, and serum hormone concentrations
Küüsmaa-Schildt, M., Schumann, M., Sedliak, M., Kraemer, W. J., Newton, R. U., Malinen, J.-P., Nyman, K., HÄKKINEN, A. H., & Häkkinen, K. (2016) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2016-0271 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Mechanical, Material and Morphological Adaptations of Healthy Lower Limb Tendons to Mechanical Loading: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Lazarczuk, S. L., Maniar, N., Opar, D. A., Duhig, S. J., SHIELD, A. J., Barrett, R., & Bourne, M. N. (2022) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-022-01695-y · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Mixed Training Methods: Effects of Combining Resisted Sprints or Plyometrics with Optimum Power Loads on Sprint and Agility Performance in Professional Soccer Players
Loturco, I., Kobal, R., Kitamura, K., Abad, C. C. C., Faust, B., Almeida, L. G., & Pereira, L. A. (2017) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.01034 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Variables Influencing the Effectiveness of Creatine Supplementation as a Therapeutic Intervention for Sarcopenia
Candow, D. G., Forbes, S. C., Chilibeck, P. D., Cornish, S. M., Antonio, J., & Kreider, R. B. (2019) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2019.00124 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
The compatibility of concurrent high intensity interval training and resistance training for muscular strength and hypertrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Sabag, A., Najafi, A., Michael, S., Esgin, T., Halaki, M., & Hackett, D. (2018) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2018.1464636 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Endurance Training Intensity Does Not Mediate Interference to Maximal Lower-Body Strength Gain during Short-Term Concurrent Training
Fyfe, J. J., Bartlett, J. D., Hanson, E. D., Stepto, N. K., & Bishop, D. J. (2016) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00487 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
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Does Aerobic Training Promote the Same Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy as Resistance Training? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Grgić, J., McIlvenna, L. C., Fyfe, J. J., Sabol, F., Bishop, D. J., Schoenfeld, B. J., & Pedišić, Ž. (2018) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-018-1008-z · Cited by 89 · see citing works
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Concurrent exercise incorporating high-intensity interval or continuous training modulates mTORC1 signaling and microRNA expression in human skeletal muscle
Fyfe, J. J., Bishop, D. J., Zacharewicz, E., Russell, A. P., & Stepto, N. K. (2016) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00479.2015 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
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Endurance Exercise Enhances the Effect of Strength Training on Muscle Fiber Size and Protein Expression of Akt and mTOR
Kazior, Z., Willis, S. J., Moberg, M., Apró, W., Calbet, J. A. L., Holmberg, H.-C., & Blomstrand, E. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149082 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
The effects of concurrent training order on body composition and serum concentrations of follistatin, myostatin and GDF11 in sarcopenic elderly men
Bagheri, R., Moghadam, B. H., Church, D. D., Tinsley, G. M., Eskandari, M., Moghadam, B. H., Motevalli, M. S., Baker, J. S., Robergs, R. A., & Wong, A. (2020) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2020.110869 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Concurrent Training and Detraining: brief Review on the Effect of Exercise Intensities
Sousa, A. C., Neiva, H. P., Izquierdo, M., Cadore, E. L., Alves, A. R., & Marinho, D. A. (2019) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/a-0975-9471 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
The Multimodal Nature of High-Intensity Functional Training: Potential Applications to Improve Sport Performance
Neto, J. H. F., & Kennedy, M. D. (2019) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports7020033 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Training and Competition Readiness in Triathlon
Etxebarria, N., Mujika, I., & Pyne, D. B. (2019) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports7050101 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Maximal muscular power: lessons from sprint cycling
Douglas, J. M., Ross, A., & Martin, J. C. (2021) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-021-00341-7 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
High-intensity interval training (HIT) for effective and time-efficient pre-surgical exercise interventions
Weston, M., Weston, K. L., Prentis, J. M., & Snowden, C. P. (2016) · Perioperative Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13741-015-0026-8 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Effects of high-intensity functional training on physical fitness and sport-specific performance among the athletes: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Wang, X., Soh, K. G., Samsudin, S., Deng, N., Liu, X., Zhao, Y., & Akbar, S. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0295531 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Enhanced skeletal muscle ribosome biogenesis, yet attenuated mTORC1 and ribosome biogenesis-related signalling, following short-term concurrent versus single-mode resistance training
Fyfe, J. J., Bishop, D. J., Bartlett, J. D., Hanson, E. D., Anderson, M. J., Garnham, A. P., & Stepto, N. K. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-18887-6 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
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Training Considerations for Optimising Endurance Development: An Alternate Concurrent Training Perspective
Doma, K., Deakin, G. B., Schumann, M., & Bentley, D. J. (2019) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-019-01072-2 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Effects of light-load maximal lifting velocity weight training vs. combined weight training and plyometrics on sprint, vertical jump and strength performance in adult soccer players
Rodríguez‐Rosell, D., Torres‐Torrelo, J., Franco-Márquez, F., González-Suárez, J. M., & González‐Badillo, J. J. (2017) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2016.11.010 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Interpreting Adaptation to Concurrent Compared with Single-Mode Exercise Training: Some Methodological Considerations
Fyfe, J. J., & Loenneke, J. P. (2017) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0812-1 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
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Scheduling of training and recovery during the in‐season weekly micro‐cycle: Insights from team sport practitioners
Cross, R. L., Siegler, J. C., Marshall, P. W., & Lovell, R. J. (2019) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2019.1595740 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Skeletal Muscle Ribosome and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Response to Different Exercise Training Modalities
Mesquita, P. H. C., Vann, C. G., Phillips, S. M., McKendry, J., Young, K. C., Kavazis, A. N., & Roberts, M. D. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.725866 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The Effects of Concurrent Aerobic and Strength Training on Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Lundberg, T. R., Feuerbacher, J. F., Sünkeler, M., & Schumann, M. (2022) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-022-01688-x · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Interference Phenomenon with Concurrent Strength and High-Intensity Interval Training-Based Aerobic Training: An Updated Model
VECHIN, F. C., Conceição, M. S., Telles, G. D., Libardi, C. A., & Ugrinowitsch, C. (2021) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-020-01421-6 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Exercise and the control of muscle mass in human
Francaux, M., & Deldicque, L. (2018) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-018-2217-x · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Looking Ahead Perspective: Where Will the Future of Exercise Biology Take Us?
Zierath, J. R., & Wallberg‐Henriksson, H. (2015) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.06.015 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Concurrent Training for Sports Performance: The 2 Sides of the Medal
Berryman, N., Mujika, I., & Bosquet, L. (2018) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2018-0103 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Effects of strength, explosive and plyometric training on energy cost of running in ultra‐endurance athletes
Giovanelli, N., Taboga, P., Rejc, E., & Lazzer, S. (2017) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2017.1305454 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
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Molecular responses to strength and endurance training: Are they incompatible?This paper article is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled 14th International Biochemistry of Exercise Conference – Muscles as Molecular and Metabolic Machines, and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process.
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Self-citation

Authors: Fyfe, J. J., Bishop, D. J., & Stepto, N. K.
Affiliations: Victoria University (AU)
Corresponding author: Fyfe, Jackson J.
ORCID: Fyfe, Jackson J.
Bishop, David J.
Stepto, Nigel K.
Venue: Sports Medicine
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2014-04-12
Volume: 44
Issue: 6
Pages: 743-762
ISSN: 0112-1642 (ISSN-L)
1179-2035
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-014-0162-1
OpenAlex: W2076115872
Cited by: 347
References: 192
Citations by year: 2026: 42 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 4
FWCI: 2.07
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
figshare.com
Licence: cc-by
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University) (submittedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords: concurrent training, interference effects, resistance training, endurance exercise, muscle hypertrophy, skeletal muscle protein synthesis, protein degradation, training specificity, exercise order, exercise intensity, exercise modalities, muscle strength and power
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Physiological, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Hypertrophy, Muscle Proteins, Physical Education and Training, Physical Endurance, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Muscle Strength, Resistance Training

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Interference between concurrent resistance and endurance exercise: Molecular bases and the role of individual training variables

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