The DOI matches its Crossref record; 163 of the 163 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Axonal pathology in traumatic brain injury
Open accessAbstract
Over the past 70 years, diffuse axonal injury (DAI) has emerged as one of the most common and important pathological features of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Axons in the white matter appear to be especially vulnerable to injury due to the mechanical loading of the brain during TBI. As such, DAI has been found in all severities of TBI and may represent a key pathologic substrate of mild TBI (concussion). Pathologically, DAI encompasses a spectrum of effects from primary mechanical breaking of the axonal cytoskeleton, to transport interruption, swelling and proteolysis, through secondary physiological changes. Depending on the severity and extent of injury, these changes can manifest acutely as immediate loss of consciousness or confusion and persist as coma and/or cognitive dysfunction. In addition, recent evidence suggests that TBI may induce long-term neurodegenerative processes, such as insidiously progressive axonal pathology. Indeed, axonal degeneration has been found to continue even years after injury in humans, and appears to play a role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease-like pathological changes. Here we review the current understanding of DAI as a uniquely mechanical injury, its histopathological identification, and its acute and chronic pathogenesis following TBI.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“As a neuropathological definition, concussion is thought to be a type of DAI because axons may be injured due to stretching (104, 105).”
From Pituitary Dysfunction After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Clinical and Pathophysiological Approach (2015) · cites this paper as [105]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“DAI is the primary neuropathology of TBI that is caused by the shearing of fragile axons (disruption of axonal fibers and myelin sheaths) by acceleration/deceleration forces from the head trauma (105, 106).”
From Pituitary Dysfunction After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Clinical and Pathophysiological Approach (2015) · cites this paper as [105]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“By using histopathological techniques, DAI can be identified within hours after head trauma and is characterized by sequential changes with an initial shearing of axons that causes disrupted axonal transport, secondary axonal disconnection, and eventually, Wallerian degeneration (105, 110).”
From Pituitary Dysfunction After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Clinical and Pathophysiological Approach (2015) · cites this paper as [105]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“As we discussed above, concussion is the most frequent type of acute TBI in sports-related head trauma, and DAI, which is caused by the shearing of fragile axons, is the primary pathophysiology of TBI (105).”
From Pituitary Dysfunction After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Clinical and Pathophysiological Approach (2015) · cites this paper as [105]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes.
Braak, H., & Braak, E. (1991) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00308809 · Cited by 16,123 · cited 1×
“(Braak and Braak, 1991, Corsellis, et al., 1973, Dale, et al., 1991, Forman, et al., 2004, Geddes, et al., 1999, Roberts, et al., 1990, Selkoe, 2001, Tokuda, et al., 1991).”
Amyloid oligomers exacerbate tau pathology in a mouse model of tauopathy
Selenica, M.-L. B., Brownlow, M., Jimenez, J. P., Lee, D. C., Pena, G., Dickey, C. A., Gordon, M. N., & Morgan, D. (2013) · Neurodegenerative Diseases · doi:10.1159/000337230 · Cited by 10,359
Alzheimer's Disease: Genes, Proteins, and Therapy
Selkoe, D. J. (2001) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.2.741 · Cited by 6,063
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (U.S.). Division of Injury Response., Faul, M., Wald, M. M., Wu, L., & Coronado, V. G. (2010) · doi:10.15620/cdc.5571 · Cited by 3,494
Weıntraub, S. (1990) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1990.00530120075013 · Cited by 3,018
Langlois, J., Rutland-Brown, W., & Thomas, K. (2006) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e721222007-001 · Cited by 3,003
Degeneration and Regeneration of the Nervous System.
(1929) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1929.02710220063037 · Cited by 2,908
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in athletes: Progressive tauopathy after repetitive head injury
McKee, A. C., Cantu, R. C., Nowinski, C. J., Hedley-Whyte, E. T., Gavett, B. E., Budson, A. E., Santini, V. E., Lee, H.-S., Kubilus, C. A., & Stern, R. A. (2009) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0b013e3181a9d503 · Cited by 2,295
Diffuse axonal injury and traumatic coma in the primate
Gennarelli, T. A., Thibault, L. E., Adams, J. H., Graham, D. I., Thompson, C. J., & Marcincin, R. P. (1982) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410120611 · Cited by 1,528
Guskiewicz, K. M., Marshall, S. W., Bailes, J. E., McCrea, M., Cantu, R. C., RANDOLPH, C. C., & Jordan, B. D. (2005) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1093/neurosurgery/57.4.719 · Cited by 1,226
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 999
Diffuse axonal injury in mild traumatic brain injury: a 3D multivoxel proton MR spectroscopy study
Kirov, I. I., Tal, A., Babb, J. S., Lui, Y. W., Grossman, R. I., & Gonen, O. (2012) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-012-6626-z · Cited by 67
Ekmark‐Lewén, S., Flygt, J., Kiwanuka, O., Meyerson, B. J., Lewén, A., Hillered, L., & Marklund, N. (2013) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-10-44 · Cited by 67
Molecular Changes and Vision Loss in a Mouse Model of Closed-Globe Blast Trauma
Bricker-Anthony, C., Hines-Beard, J., & Rex, T. S. (2014) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.14-14353 · Cited by 66
Guley, N., Rogers, J. T., Mar, N. A. D., Deng, Y., Islam, R. M., D’Surney, L., Ferrell, J. M., Deng, B., Hines-Beard, J., Bu, W., et al. (2015) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2015.3886 · Cited by 67
Past, Present, and Future of Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Hawryluk, G. W. J., & Bullock, M. R. (2016) · Neurosurgery Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.nec.2016.05.002 · Cited by 69
Clinical Relevance of Behavior Testing in Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury
Shultz, S. R., McDonald, S. J., Corrigan, F., Semple, B. D., Salberg, S., Zamani, A., Jones, N. C., & Mychasiuk, R. (2019) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2018.6149 · Cited by 68
Kirov, I. I., Tal, A., Babb, J. S., Reaume, J., Bushnik, T. L., Ashman, T. A., Flanagan, S. R., Grossman, R. I., & Gonen, O. (2013) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2012.2696 · Cited by 70
Corpus Callosum Integrity and Neuropsychological Performance After Traumatic Brain Injury
Arenth, P. M., Russell, K. C., Scanlon, J. M., Kessler, L. J., & Ricker, J. H. (2013) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/htr.0b013e318289ede5 · Cited by 64
Chong, C. D., & Schwedt, T. J. (2015) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-015-0485-0 · Cited by 64
Neurotoxic tau oligomers after single versus repetitive mild traumatic brain injury
Bittar, A., Bhatt, N., Hasan, T. F., Montalbano, M., Puangmalai, N., McAllen, S., Ellsworth, A., Carretero Murillo, M., Taglialatela, G., Lucke-Wold, B., et al. (2019) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcz004 · Cited by 60
Microglia dynamics in adolescent traumatic brain injury
Eyolfson, E., Khan, A. C., Mychasiuk, R., & Lohman, A. W. (2020) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-020-01994-z · Cited by 68
Persistent vertigo and dizziness after mild traumatic brain injury
Fife, T. D., & Kalra, D. (2015) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12678 · Cited by 62
Functional Neuroimaging in Traumatic Brain Injury: From Nodes to Networks
Medaglia, J. D. (2017) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2017.00407 · Cited by 63
DeepACSON automated segmentation of white matter in 3D electron microscopy
Abdollahzadeh, A., Belevich, I. N., Jokitalo, E., Sierra, A., & Tohka, J. (2021) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-021-01699-w · Cited by 67
Elevated glutamate and lactate predict brain death after severe head trauma
Stefani, M. A., Modkovski, R., Hansel, G., Zimmer, E. R., Kopczynski, A., Muller, A. P., Strogulski, N. R., Rodolphi, M. S., Carteri, R. B., Schmidt, A. P., et al. (2017) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.416 · Cited by 62
Self-citationYe, L., Sun, Y., Jiang, Z., & Wang, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2021.726665 · Cited by 64
Yang, D., Sun, Z., Yu, M., Zou, Q., Li, P., Zhang, J., Wu, X., Li, Y., & Wang, M. (2023) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.28797 · Cited by 62
Cerebrolysin improves cognitive performance in rats after mild traumatic brain injury
Zhang, Y., Chopp, M., Meng, Y., Zhang, Z. G., Doppler, E., Winter, S., Schallert, T. J., Mahmood, A., & Xiong, Y. (2015) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/2014.11.jns14271 · Cited by 60
Systems Biology, Neuroimaging, Neuropsychology, Neuroconnectivity and Traumatic Brain Injury
Bigler, E. (2016) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2016.00055 · Cited by 62
Autotaxin–Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling in Alzheimer’s Disease
Ramesh, S., Govindarajulu, M., Suppiramaniam, V. D., Moore, T., & Dhanasekaran, M. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19071827 · Cited by 62
Hou, L., Han, X., Sheng, P. X., Tong, W., Li, Z., Xu, D., Yu, M., Huang, L., Zhao, Z., Yi-cheng, L., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076087 · Cited by 62
Delano‐Wood, L., Bangen, K. J., Sorg, S. F., Clark, A. L., Schiehser, D. M., Luc, N., Bondi, M. W., Werhane, M. L., Kim, R. T., & Bigler, E. D. (2015) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-015-9432-2 · Cited by 64
White Matter and Cognition in Traumatic Brain Injury
Filley, C. M., & Kelly, J. P. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-180287 · Cited by 65
Neuroimaging in repetitive brain trauma
Ng, T. S. C., Lin, A. P., Koerte, I. K., Pasternak, O., Liao, H. V., Merugumala, S. K., Sylvain Bouix, A., & Shenton, M. E. (2014) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/alzrt239 · Cited by 66
Clausen, F., Marklund, N., & Hillered, L. (2018) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2018.5636 · Cited by 58
Lunkova, E., Guberman, G. I., Ptito, A., & Saluja, R. S. (2021) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.25630 · Cited by 64
Abusive Head Trauma in Infants and Children: Technical Report
Narang, S. K., Haney, S. B., Duhaime, A.-C., Martin, J. E., Binenbaum, G., Campomanes, A. G. D. A., Barth, R., Bertocci, G. E., Caré, M. M., McGuone, D., et al. (2025) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2024-070457 · Cited by 71
Haberg, A. K., Olsen, A., Moen, K. G., Schirmer-Mikalsen, K., Visser, E., Finnanger, T. G., Evensen, K. A. I., Skandsen, T., Vik, A., & Eikenes, L. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.23534 · Cited by 59
Cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury: The role of MRI and possible pathological basis
Wang, M.-L., & Li, W. (2016) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2016.09.049 · Cited by 57
Lepage, C., de Pierrefeu, A., Koerte, I. K., Coleman, M. J., Pasternak, O., Grant, G. A., Marx, C. E., Morey, R. A., Flashman, L. A., George, M. S., et al. (2017) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-017-9744-5 · Cited by 60
Dynamic neural and glial responses of a head-specific model for traumatic brain injury in Drosophila
Saikumar, J., Byrns, C. N., Hemphill, M. A., Meaney, D. F., & Bonini, N. M. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2003909117 · Cited by 53
Bartnik‐Olson, B., Alger, J. R., Babikian, T., Harris, A. D., Holshouser, B. A., Kirov, I. I., Maudsley, A. A., Thompson, P. M., Dennis, E. L., Tate, D. F., et al. (2020) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-020-00330-6 · Cited by 57
The Drama of Wallerian Degeneration: The Cast, Crew, and Script
Zhang, K., Jiang, M., & Fang, Y. (2021) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-071819-103917 · Cited by 59
Traumatic brain injury-induced axonal phenotypes react differently to treatment
Hånell, A., Greer, J. E., McGinn, M. J., & Povlishock, J. T. (2014) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-014-1376-x · Cited by 58
Büchele, F., Morawska, M. M., Schreglmann, S. R., Penner, M., Muser, M. H., Baumann, C. R., & Noaín, D. (2015) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2015.4001 · Cited by 54
LoBue, C., Wilmoth, K., Cullum, C. M., Rossetti, H. C., Lacritz, L. H., Hynan, L. S., Hart, J., & Womack, K. B. (2015) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2015-311438 · Cited by 55
McCutcheon, V., Park, E., Liu, E., Sobhebidari, P., Tavakkoli, J., Wen, X., & BAKER, A. J. (2016) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2016.4497 · Cited by 55
Concussion Induces Hippocampal Circuitry Disruption in Swine
Wolf, J. A., Johnson, B. N., Johnson, V. E., Putt, M., Browne, K. D., Mietus, C. J., Brown, D. P., Wofford, K. L., Smith, D. H., Grady, M. S., et al. (2017) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2016.4848 · Cited by 61
Self-citationHocke, L. M., Duszynski, C. C., Debert, C. T., Dleikan, D., & Dunn, J. F. (2018) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2017.5365 · Cited by 62
Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity during traumatic brain injury
Jafari, A. A., Shah, M., Mirmoeeni, S., Hassani, M. S., Nazari, S., Fielder, T., Godoy, D. A., & Seifi, A. (2021) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.107081 · Cited by 54
Enhancing endocannabinoid signalling in astrocytes promotes recovery from traumatic brain injury
Hu, M., Zhu, D., Zhang, J., Gao, F., Hashem, J., Kingsley, P. J., Marnett, L. J., Mackie, K., & Chen, C. (2021) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awab310 · Cited by 54
Application of Blood-Based Biomarkers in Human Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Battista, A. P. D., Rhind, S., & Baker, A. (2013) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2013.00044 · Cited by 66
Prolonged cognitive–motor impairments in children and adolescents with a history of concussion
Dalecki, M., Albines, D., Macpherson, A., & Sergio, L. E. (2016) · Concussion · doi:10.2217/cnc-2016-0001 · Cited by 51
Mayeux, J. P., Katz, P. S., Edwards, S., Middleton, J. W., & Molina, P. E. (2016) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2016.4452 · Cited by 53
Gold, E. M., Vasilevko, V., Hasselmann, J., Tiefenthaler, C. M., Hoa, D., Ranawaka, K. H., Cribbs, D. H., & Cummings, B. J. (2018) · ASN NEURO · doi:10.1177/1759091418781921 · Cited by 56
Maldonado, J., Huang, J. H., Childs, E. W., & Tharakan, B. (2022) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2021.0455 · Cited by 59
Mild traumatic brain injury as a pathological process
Naumenko, Y., Yuryshinetz, I., Zabenko, Y. Y., & Pivneva, T. A. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18342 · Cited by 60
Ojo, J. O., Greenberg, M. B., Leary, P., Mouzon, B., Bachmeier, C. J., MULLAN, M. J., Diamond, D. M., & Crawford, F. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00213 · Cited by 54
Dementia resulting from traumatic brain injury
Ramalho, J., & Castillo, M. (2015) · Dementia & Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1590/1980-57642015dn94000356 · Cited by 56
Olczak, M., Niderla‐Bielińska, J., Kwiatkowska, M., Samojłowicz, D., Tarka, S., & Wierzba‐Bobrowicz, T. (2017) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.09.008 · Cited by 51
Chamard, É., & Lichtenstein, J. D. (2018) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699052.2018.1463106 · Cited by 53
Resting-state functional connectivity after concussion is associated with clinical recovery
Kaushal, M., España, L., Nencka, A. S., Wang, Y., Nelson, L. D., McCrea, M., & Meier, T. (2018) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.24440 · Cited by 42
Smooth Pursuit and Saccades after Sport-Related Concussion
Murray, N. G., Szekely, B. J., Islas, A. A., Munkasy, B. A., Gore, R. K., Berryhill, M. E., & Reed-Jones, R. J. (2019) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2019.6595 · Cited by 53
Puig, J., Ellis, M. J., Kornelsen, J., Figley, T. D., Figley, C. R., Daunis‐i‐Estadella, P., Mutch, W. A. C., & Essig, M. (2020) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2019.6623 · Cited by 50
A method for assessing tissue respiration in anatomically defined brain regions
Underwood, E., Redell, J. B., Zhao, J., Moore, A. N., & Dash, P. K. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-69867-2 · Cited by 51
Shively, S. B., Edgerton, S. L., Iacono, D., Purohit, D. P., Qu, B.-X., Haroutunian, V., Davis, K. L., Diaz-Arrastia, R., & Perl, D. P. (2017) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-016-1649-7 · Cited by 52
Gibb, S. L., Zhao, Y., Potter, D. R., Hylin, M. J., Bruhn, R. L., Baimukanova, G., Zhao, J., Xue, H., Abdel‐Mohsen, M., Pillai, S. K., et al. (2015) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1002/stem.2189 · Cited by 51
Sharma, A., Chandran, R., Barry, E. S., Bhomia, M., Hutchison, M. A., Balakathiresan, N. S., Grunberg, N., & Maheshwari, R. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112019 · Cited by 53
An Introduction to Sports Concussions
Giza, C. C., & Kutcher, J. S. (2014) · CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.con.0000458975.78766.11 · Cited by 52
LoBue, C., Denney, D. A., Hynan, L. S., Rossetti, H. C., Lacritz, L. H., Hart, J., Womack, K. B., Woon, F. L. M., & Cullum, C. M. (2016) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-150895 · Cited by 52
Neuroimaging of Traumatic Brain Injury
Douglas, D., Ro, T., Toffoli, T., Krawchuk, B., Muldermans, J., Gullo, J., Dulberger, A. R., Anderson, A., Douglas, P. K., & Wintermark, M. (2018) · Medical Sciences · doi:10.3390/medsci7010002 · Cited by 62
Agoston, D. V., Vink, R., Helmy, A. E., Risling, M., Nelson, D., & Prins, M. L. (2019) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2018.6261 · Cited by 52
Neurodegenerative Dementias After Traumatic Brain Injury
LoBue, C., Cullum, C. M., Didehbani, N., Yeatman, K., Jones, B., Kraut, M. A., & Hart, J. (2018) · The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.17070145 · Cited by 51
Pathophysiology-Based Management of Secondary Injuries and Insults in TBI
Filho, L. D. M., Figueredo, L. F., Villegas-Gomez, G. A., Arthur, M., Pedraza‐Ciro, M. C., Martins, H. O., Neto, J. K., Hawryluk, G. W. J., & de Amorim, R. L. O. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12030520 · Cited by 51
Fluid markers of traumatic brain injury
Zetterberg, H., & Blennow, K. (2015) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2015.02.003 · Cited by 50
Pharmacotherapy for Disorders of Consciousness: Are ‘Awakening’ Drugs Really a Possibility?
Ciurleo, R., Bramanti, P., & Calabrò, R. S. (2013) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-013-0138-8 · Cited by 51
Park, K. J., Park, E., Liu, E., & BAKER, A. J. (2013) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2013.216 · Cited by 53
Experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage results in multifocal axonal injury
Kummer, T. T., Magnoni, S., MacDonald, C. L., Dikranian, K. T., Milner, E., Sorrell, J., Conte, V., Benetatos, J. J., Zipfel, G. J., & Brody, D. L. (2015) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awv180 · Cited by 51
Ewing‐Cobbs, L., Johnson, C. P., Juranek, J. J., DeMaster, D., Prasad, M. R., Duque, G., Kramer, L. A., Cox, C. S., & Swank, P. R. (2016) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23286 · Cited by 53
Chen, Y., Wang, Y., Xu, J., Hou, T., Zhu, J., Jiang, Y.-H., Sun, L.-Y., Huang, C.-H., Sun, L.-L., & Liu, S. (2022) · Inflammation · doi:10.1007/s10753-022-01729-7 · Cited by 36
Diffuse Axonal Injury at Ultra-High Field MRI
Moenninghoff, C., Kraff, O., Maderwald, S., Umutlu, L., Theysohn, J., Ringelstein, A., Wrede, K., Deuschl, C., Altmeppen, J., Ladd, M., et al. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122329 · Cited by 48
Shim, S. S., & Stutzmann, G. E. (2016) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2015.4177 · Cited by 50
Detecting Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Using Resting State Magnetoencephalographic Connectivity
Vakorin, V. A., Doesburg, S. M., da Costa, L., Jetly, R., Pang, E. W., & Taylor, M. J. (2016) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004914 · Cited by 49
Combination Therapy for Multi-Target Manipulation of Secondary Brain Injury Mechanisms
Somayaji, M. R., Przekwas, A. J., & Gupta, R. K. (2017) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x15666170828165711 · Cited by 50
Contribution of Fibrinogen to Inflammation and Neuronal Density in Human Traumatic Brain Injury
Jenkins, D., Craner, M. J., Esiri, M. M., & DeLuca, G. C. (2018) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2017.5291 · Cited by 50
Palmieri, M., Frati, A., Santoro, A., Frati, P., Fineschi, V., & Pesce, A. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms221910865 · Cited by 49
Compromised Neurocircuitry in Chronic Blast‐Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Yeh, P., Koay, C. G., Wang, B., Morissette, J., Sham, E. B., Senseney, J. S., Joy, D. A., Kubli, A., Yeh, C., Eskay, V., et al. (2016) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23365 · Cited by 52
Vascak, M., Jin, X., Jacobs, K. M., & Povlishock, J. T. (2017) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhx058 · Cited by 50
Technologies to Study Action Potential Propagation With a Focus on HD-MEAs
Emmenegger, V., Obien, M. E. J., Franke, F., & Hierlemann, A. R. (2019) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00159 · Cited by 49
Traumatic brain injury history and progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease.
LoBue, C., Woon, F. L. M., Rossetti, H. C., Hynan, L. S., Hart, J., & Cullum, C. M. (2018) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/neu0000431 · Cited by 49
The genetic basis of inter-individual variation in recovery from traumatic brain injury
Cortés, D., & Pera, M. F. (2021) · npj Regenerative Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41536-020-00114-y · Cited by 48
Roadmap for Advancing Pre-Clinical Science in Traumatic Brain Injury
Smith, D. H., Kochanek, P. M., Rosi, S., Meyer, R., Ferland‐Beckham, C., Prager, E. M., Ahlers, S. T., & Crawford, F. (2021) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2021.0094 · Cited by 46
Self-citationInflammaging, cellular senescence, and cognitive aging after traumatic brain injury
Lu, Y., Jarrahi, A., Moore, N. D., Bartoli, M., Brann, D. W., Baban, B., & Dhandapani, K. M. (2023) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106090 · Cited by 52
Ohta, M., Higashi, Y., Yawata, T., Kitahara, M., Nobumoto, A., Ishida, E., Tsuda, M., Fujimoto, Y., & Shimizu, K. (2012) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2012.09.011 · Cited by 47
Proteomic differences between focal and diffuse traumatic brain injury in human brain tissue
Hamdeh, S. A., Shevchenko, G., Mi, J., Musunuri, S., Bergquist, J., & Marklund, N. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-25060-0 · Cited by 50
Montanino, A., & Kleiven, S. (2018) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00643 · Cited by 47
Chen, Y., Sasaki, Y., DiAntonio, A., & Milbrandt, J. (2021) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113636 · Cited by 46
Mu, L., He, H., Schifitto, G., & Zhong, J. (2015) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.25816 · Cited by 46
Manktelow, A. E., Menon, D. K., Sahakian, B. J., & Stamatakis, E. A. (2017) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00058 · Cited by 46
Hsieh, T.-H., Kang, J.-W., Lai, J.-H., Huang, Y.-Z., Rotenberg, A., Chen, K.-Y., Wang, J.-Y., Chan, S.-Y., Chen, S.-C., Chiang, Y., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0178186 · Cited by 43
Grinkina, N., Yang, L., Haber, M., Sangobowale, M., Nikulina, E., Le’Pre, C., Sehamy, A. M. E., Dugue, R., Ho, J. S., & Bergold, P. J. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161053 · Cited by 45
Pevzner, A., Izadi, A., Lee, D. J., Shahlaie, K., & Gurkoff, G. G. (2016) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2016.00030 · Cited by 51
Haber, M., Hutchinson, E. B., Sadeghi, N., Cheng, W. H., Namjoshi, D., Cripton, P. A., Irfanoglu, M. O., Wellington, C. L., Diaz-Arrastia, R. R., & Pierpaoli, C. M. (2017) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0164-17.2017 · Cited by 46
Weber, M. T., Arena, J. D., Xiao, R., Wolf, J. A., & Johnson, V. E. (2018) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.12677 · Cited by 50
Self-citationJang, I., Chun, I. Y., Brosch, J. R., Bari, S., Zou, Y., Cummiskey, B. R., Lee, T. A., Lycke, R., Poole, V. N., Shenk, T. E., et al. (2019) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101930 · Cited by 50
Real-time dynamic simulation for highly accurate spatiotemporal brain deformation from impact
Wu, S., Zhao, W., & Ji, S. (2022) · Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.cma.2022.114913 · Cited by 42
N -acetyl-aspartate levels correlate with intra-axonal compartment parameters from diffusion MRI
Grossman, E. J., Kirov, I. I., Gonen, O., Novikov, D. S., Davitz, M. S., Lui, Y. W., Grossman, R. I., Inglese, M., & Fieremans, E. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.05.061 · Cited by 44
Sundman, M., Doraiswamy, P. M., & Morey, R. A. (2015) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2015.00334 · Cited by 46
Reduced brain connectivity and mental flexibility in mild traumatic brain injury
Pang, E. W., Dunkley, B. T., Doesburg, S. M., da Costa, L., & Taylor, M. J. (2015) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.280 · Cited by 47
Struzyna, L. A., Adewole, D. O., Gordián‐Vélez, W. J., Grovola, M. R., Burrell, J. C., Katiyar, K. S., Petrov, D., Harris, J. P., & Cullen, D. K. (2017) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/55609 · Cited by 43
Metadata
- Authors
- Johnson, V. E., Stewart, W., & Smith, D. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Smith, Douglas H.
- Venue
- Experimental Neurology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-08
- Volume
- 246
- Pages
- 35-43
- ISSN
- 0014-4886 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3979341
- OpenAlex
- W2170921124
- Semantic Scholar
- 6fdff07fcccb6429453f06a8aae43cdaad508837
- Cited by
- 1,273
- References
- 162
- Citations by year
- 2026: 82 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 86 · 2023: 106 · 2022: 105 · 2021: 123 · 2020: 102 · 2019: 98 · 2018: 93 · 2017: 113 · 2016: 92 · 2015: 89 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 44
- FWCI
- 8.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Experimental Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (R03AG038911)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-038104, R01NS038104, P01NS056202, NS 056202)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
- Keywords
- diffuse axonal injury, traumatic brain injury, axonal pathology, white matter, mild traumatic brain injury, concussion, axonal cytoskeleton, axonal transport, axonal swellings, proteolysis, secondary injury, Alzheimer's disease, histopathology, pathogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Axons, Brain Injuries, Coma, Humans, Nerve Degeneration, Nerve Fibers, Myelinated, Diffuse Axonal Injury
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
