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Glia-neuron energy metabolism in health and diseases: New insights into the role of nervous system metabolic transporters

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Jha, Mithilesh Kumar, Morrison, Brett M.·2018·Experimental Neurology
DOI 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.07.009PMC PMC6156776
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Abstract

The brain is, by weight, only 2% the volume of the body and yet it consumes about 20% of the total glucose, suggesting that the energy requirements of the brain are high and that glucose is the primary energy source for the nervous system. Due to this dependence on glucose, brain physiology critically depends on the tight regulation of glucose transport and its metabolism. Glucose transporters ensure efficient glucose uptake by neural cells and contribute to the physiology and pathology of the nervous system. Despite this, a growing body of evidence demonstrates that for the maintenance of several neuronal functions, lactate, rather than glucose, is the preferred energy metabolite in the nervous system. Monocarboxylate transporters play a crucial role in providing metabolic support to axons by functioning as the principal transporters for lactate in the nervous system. Monocarboxylate transporters are also critical for axonal myelination and regeneration. Most importantly, recent studies have demonstrated the central role of glial cells in brain energy metabolism. A close and regulated metabolic conversation between neurons and both astrocytes and oligodendroglia in the central nervous system, or Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system, has recently been shown to be an important determinant of the metabolism and function of the nervous system. This article reviews the current understanding of the long existing controversies regarding energy substrate and utilization in the nervous system and discusses the role of metabolic transporters in health and diseases of the nervous system.

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  • Astrocytes provide critical support to neurons for synapse formation/pruning, neurotransmitter modulation, and metabolic homeostasis.

    “Astrocytes provide critical support to neurons for synapse formation/pruning, neurotransmitter modulation, and metabolic homeostasis (Bélanger et al., 2011; Jha and Morrison, 2018).”

    From ApoE4 Impairs Neuron-Astrocyte Coupling of Fatty Acid Metabolism (2021) · cites this paper as Jha and Morrison, 2018

    The Introduction and Conclusions (pages unavailable) describe glial support of tissue and neuronal metabolic homeostasis, specifically astrocyte-to-neuron lactate delivery. The Lactate section mentions synapse recruitment during stimulation, but does not establish astrocyte support for synapse formation or pruning. The passages found also do not establish that astrocytes modulate neurotransmitters. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Jha, M. K., & Morrison, B. M.
Affiliations
Johns Hopkins University (US)
Corresponding author
Morrison, Brett M.
ORCID
Venue
Experimental Neurology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2018-11
Volume
309
Pages
23-31
ISSN
0014-4886 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.07.009
PMC
PMC6156776
OpenAlex
W2884502446
Cited by
203
References
15
Citations by year
2026: 22 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 1
FWCI
2.69
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Experimental Neurology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institutes of Health (R01NS086818)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Keywords
brain energy metabolism, glucose transport, glucose transporters, lactate, monocarboxylate transporters, axonal myelination, axon regeneration, glial cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, neurological disorders
MeSH terms
Animals, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Nervous System Diseases, Neuroglia, Neurons, Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters

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