Why females live longer than males? Importance of the upregulation of longevity‐associated genes by oestrogenic compounds
Abstract
Females live longer than males in many mammalian species, including humans. Mitochondria from females produce approximately half the amount of H 2 O 2 than males. We have found that females behave as double transgenics overexpressing both superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. This is due to oestrogens that act by binding to the estrogen receptors and subsequently activating the mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) signalling pathways. Phytoestrogens mimic the protective effect of oestradiol using the same signalling pathway. The critical importance of upregulating antioxidant genes, by hormonal and dietary manipulations, in order to increase longevity is discussed.
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Liver function in female animals was less negatively affected, possibly due to protection from oxidative stress conferred by estrogen.
“The observation that liver function in female animals was less negatively affected may be due to the known protection from oxidative stress conferred by estrogen [43].”
From Republished study: long-term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerantgenetically modified maize (2014) · cites this paper as [43]
Estrogen can induce expression of genes such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase via the MAP kinase-NF-kB signaling pathway, thus providing an antioxidant effect.
“Estrogen can induce expression of genes such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase via the MAP kinase-NF-kB signaling pathway, thus providing an antioxidant effect [43].”
From Republished study: long-term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerantgenetically modified maize (2014) · cites this paper as [43]
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- Authors
- Viña, J., Borrás, C., Gambini, J., Sastre, J., & Pallardó, F. V.
- Affiliations
- Universitat de València (ES)
- Venue
- FEBS Letters
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-04-14
- Volume
- 579
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2541-2545
- ISSN
- 0014-5793 (ISSN-L)
- 1873-3468
- OpenAlex
- W2066298795
- Cited by
- 271
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 5.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- FEBS Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Phytoestrogen effects and research
- Keywords
- sex differences in longevity, estrogen, estrogen receptor, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, antioxidant genes, hydrogen peroxide, MAPK signaling, NF-κB signaling, phytoestrogens, estradiol, transgenic mice, oxidative stress, dietary intervention
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antioxidants, Enzyme Activation, Estrogens, Female, Glutathione Peroxidase, Humans, Longevity, Male, Models, Biological, Sex Factors, Species Specificity, Superoxide Dismutase, Up-Regulation, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, NF-kappa B, Oxidative Stress, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases, Phytoestrogens
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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