The role of estrogen deficiency in skin ageing and wound healing
Abstract
The links between hormonal signalling and lifespan have been well documented in a range of model organisms. For example, in C. elegans or D. melanogaster, lifespan can be modulated by ablating germline cells, or manipulating reproductive history or pregnenolone signalling. In mammalian systems, however, hormonal contribution to longevity is less well understood. With increasing age human steroid hormone profiles change substantially, particularly following menopause in women. This article reviews recent links between steroid sex hormones and ageing, with special emphasis on the skin and wound repair. Estrogen, which substantially decreases with advancing age in both males and females, protects against multiple aspects of cellular ageing in rodent models, including oxidative damage, telomere shortening and cellular senescence. Estrogen's effects are particularly pronounced in the skin where cutaneous changes post-menopause are well documented, and can be partially reversed by classical Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT). Our research shows that while chronological ageing has clear effects on skin wound healing, falling estrogen levels are the principle mediator of these effects. Thus, both HRT and topical estrogen replacement substantially accelerate healing in elderly humans, but are associated with unwanted deleterious effects, particularly cancer promotion. In fact, much current research effort is being invested in exploring the therapeutic potential of estrogen signalling manipulation to reverse age-associated pathology in peripheral tissues. In the case of the skin the differential targeting of estrogen receptors to promote healing in aged subjects is a real therapeutic possibility.
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Falling estrogen levels may be the principal cause of age-related healing impairment in both males and females.
“Falling estrogen levels, for instance, may be the principal cause of age-related healing impairment in both males and females (112).”
From Wound repair and regeneration: Mechanisms, signaling, and translation (2014) · cites this paper as [112]
Hormones, particularly estrogens and androgens, are contributing factors in aging and have been implicated as regulators of wound healing in experimental models and patients.
“Hormones, particularly estrogens and androgens, are contributing factors in aging and have been implicated as regulators of wound healing in experimental models and patients (112, 163, 172, 173).”
From Wound repair and regeneration: Mechanisms, signaling, and translation (2014) · cites this paper as [112]
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Blume-Peytavi, U., Kottner, J., Sterry, W., Hodin, M. W., Griffiths, T. W., Watson, R. E. B., Hay, R. J., & Griffiths, C. E. M. (2016) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnw003 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
The role of estrogen in cutaneous ageing and repair
Wilkinson, H. N., & Hardman, M. J. (2017) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.06.026 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Self-citationMitochondrial and sex steroid hormone crosstalk during aging
Velarde, M. C. (2014) · Longevity & Healthspan · doi:10.1186/2046-2395-3-2 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Stem cells and aberrant signaling of molecular systems in skin aging
Peng, Y., Xuan, M., Leung, V. Y. L., & Cheng, B. (2015) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2014.10.006 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Young coconut juice can accelerate the healing process of cutaneous wounds
Radenahmad, N., Saleh, F., Sayoh, I., Sawangjaroen, K., Subhadhirasakul, P., Boonyoung, P., Rundorn, W., & Mitranun, W. (2012) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1186/1472-6882-12-252 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
- Authors
- Emmerson, E., & Hardman, M. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hardman, Matthew J.
- Venue
- Biogerontology
- Published
- 2011-03-03
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-20
- ISSN
- 1389-5729 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6768
- OpenAlex
- W2113848670
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 418
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 9.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Biogerontology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Wound Healing and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Keywords
- estrogen deficiency, skin aging, wound healing, menopause, hormone replacement therapy, topical estrogen, estrogen receptor, cellular senescence, telomere shortening, oxidative damage, cancer risk
- MeSH terms
- Estrogens, Female, Humans, Menopause, Wound Healing, Skin Aging
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