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Cited by 120Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsReproductive Health and TechnologiesMaternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum

Mindfulness-Based Program for Infertility: Efficacy study

Open access
Galhardo, Ana, Cunha, Marina, Pinto-Gouveia, José·2013·Fertility and Sterility
DOI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.05.036
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Abstract

Objective To present and determine the impact of the Mindfulness-Based Program for Infertility (MBPI). Design Controlled clinical trial. Setting University research unit. Patient(s) Fifty-five infertile women completed the MBPI, and 37 infertile women were assigned to a control group. Intervention(s) The MBPI includes 10 weekly sessions, in a group format, with a duration of about 2 hours each (men attend three sessions). Main Outcome Measure(s) Standardized measures of depression, state anxiety, entrapment, defeat, internal and external shame, experiential avoidance, mindfulness, self-compassion, and infertility self-efficacy were endorsed pre- and post-MBPI. Result(s) The MBPI group and the control group were shown to be equivalent at baseline. By the end of the MBPI, women who attended the program revealed a significant decrease in depressive symptoms, internal and external shame, entrapment, and defeat. Inversely, they presented statistically significant improvement in mindfulness skills and self-efficacy to deal with infertility. Women in the control group did not present significant changes in any of the psychological measures, except for a decrease in self-judgment. Conclusion(s) Increasing mindfulness and acceptance skills, as well as cognitive decentering from thoughts and feelings, seem to help women to experience negative inner states in new ways, decreasing their entanglement with them and thus their psychological distress. Data suggest that the MBPI is an effective psychological intervention for women experiencing infertility. Copyright © 2013 American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Published by Elsevier Inc.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.05.036

Cites

59 of 59 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

5 of 20 cited sources checked · 3 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

  • Study design and conductcitation

    The study included an experimental and a control group.

    “By examining this efficacy study on the basis of quality indicators proposed by Hammerli and colleagues (15), we can see that standardized psychological measures were used as dependent variables, the study included an experimental and a control group, and inclusion criteria were established.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [15] Hammerli, 2009, The efficacy of psychological interventions for infertile patients: a meta-analysis examining mental health and 370 pregnancy rate, Hum Reprod Update source
  • Premisecitation

    Analysis of 21 controlled studies on the effectiveness of psychological interventions targeting infertile patients shows that only seven of these studies were conducted on samples of greater size than ours.

    “However, analysis of 21 controlled studies on the effectiveness of psychological interventions targeting infertile patients (15) shows that only seven of these studies were conducted on samples of greater size than ours.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [15] Hammerli, 2009, The efficacy of psychological interventions for infertile patients: a meta-analysis examining mental health and 370 pregnancy rate, Hum Reprod Update source

      The Description of studies reports 21 controlled studies of psychological interventions for infertile patients, and Table I lists their sample sizes (page numbers unavailable). The source does not identify the citing study’s sample size or state that exactly seven studies were larger, so that comparison is not established by our copy. (LLM, conf=0.83)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Findingown data

    No significant time × group interaction effect was found for self-judgment.

    “No significant time  group interaction effects were found in anxiety, psychological inflexibility/experiential avoidance, self-compassion, or self-judgment.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    In the MBPI group, a significant decrease was found in internal shame from T1 to T2.

    “a significant decrease was found in: depression, external shame, internal shame, external entrapment, internal entrapment, and defeat.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    A significant time × group interaction effect was found for external shame, with medium effect size.

    “Significant time  group interaction effects were found for depression, external shame, internal shame, external entrapment and internal entrapment, defeat, and selfefficacy to deal with infertility, all of them with medium effect sizes.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 22
  • May combine two claims. 25
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 5

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductcitation

    Inclusion criteria were established.

    “By examining this efficacy study on the basis of quality indicators proposed by Hammerli and colleagues (15), we can see that standardized psychological measures were used as dependent variables, the study included an experimental and a control group, and inclusion criteria were established.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [15] Hammerli, 2009, The efficacy of psychological interventions for infertile patients: a meta-analysis examining mental health and 370 pregnancy rate, Hum Reprod Update source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductcitation

    Standardized psychological measures were used as dependent variables.

    “By examining this efficacy study on the basis of quality indicators proposed by Hammerli and colleagues (15), we can see that standardized psychological measures were used as dependent variables, the study included an experimental and a control group, and inclusion criteria were established.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [15] Hammerli, 2009, The efficacy of psychological interventions for infertile patients: a meta-analysis examining mental health and 370 pregnancy rate, Hum Reprod Update source

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    MBPI participants seemed more capable of accepting their adverse inner mental states and had more psychological flexibility.

    “They seem to be more capable of accepting their adverse inner mental states (e.g., feelings, thoughts, bodily sensations) and have more psychological flexibility (26,38), which makes them more capable of conscious and deliberate actions, guided by their values, in a flexible and adaptable way (25).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [26] Hayes, 2005

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [38] Bond, 2011, Preliminary psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II: a revised measure of psychological flexibility and acceptance, Behav Ther source

      The ACT model section describes acceptance of unwanted thoughts, feelings, and physiological sensations as an aspect of psychological flexibility. It does not study MBPI participants or establish that they became more accepting or psychologically flexible; that participant-specific part is not supported by this source. (LLM, conf=0.86)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [25] Harris, 2009

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data

    A significant direct effect of time was found for internal shame, with medium effect size.

    “a significant direct effect of time was found for depression, external shame, internal shame, external entrapment, internal entrapment, defeat, psychological inflexibility/experiential avoidance, selfjudgment, and self-efficacy to deal with infertility.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data

    A significant direct effect of time was found for defeat, with medium effect size.

    “a significant direct effect of time was found for depression, external shame, internal shame, external entrapment, internal entrapment, defeat, psychological inflexibility/experiential avoidance, selfjudgment, and self-efficacy to deal with infertility.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data

    A significant direct effect of time was found for external entrapment, with medium effect size.

    “a significant direct effect of time was found for depression, external shame, internal shame, external entrapment, internal entrapment, defeat, psychological inflexibility/experiential avoidance, selfjudgment, and self-efficacy to deal with infertility.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data

    A significant direct effect of time was found for internal entrapment, with medium effect size.

    “a significant direct effect of time was found for depression, external shame, internal shame, external entrapment, internal entrapment, defeat, psychological inflexibility/experiential avoidance, selfjudgment, and self-efficacy to deal with infertility.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data

    A significant direct effect of time was found for psychological inflexibility/experiential avoidance, with medium effect size.

    “a significant direct effect of time was found for depression, external shame, internal shame, external entrapment, internal entrapment, defeat, psychological inflexibility/experiential avoidance, selfjudgment, and self-efficacy to deal with infertility.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    In the control group, no differences were found in any of the considered variables, except for a significant decrease in self-judgment.

    “The same analysis was conducted in the control group, and no differences were found in any of the considered variables, except for a significant decrease in self-judgment.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The MBPI particularly contributes to a decrease in depressive symptoms and an increase in patients' mindfulness skills and perception of their own ability to deal with infertility in a favorable manner.

    “In fact, this program seems to particularly contribute to a decrease in depressive symptoms and an increase in patients' mindfulness skills and perception of their own ability to deal with infertility in a favorable manner.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Effects of MBPI were found on several measures, including psychopathology, emotion regulation processes, mindfulness skills, and perception of ability to cope with the demands of infertility and its medical treatment.

    “Effects were found on several measures, not only regarding psychopathology, but also in terms of emotion regulation processes, mindfulness skills, and the way participants perceive their ability to cope with the demands of infertility and its medical treatment.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    Differences in age were found between groups, but age did not correlate with dependent variables.

    “Differences in age were found, but age did not correlate with dependent variables.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    No significant differences were found regarding clinical variables except for medical treatment previous to study participation and current medical treatment approach, but these variables did not correlate with dependent variables.

    “No significant differences were found regarding clinical variables except for medical treatment previous to the study participation and current medical treatment approach, but these variables did not correlate with dependent variables.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Infertility is a stressful condition with psychological burden, described by couples as a very demanding life crisis.

    “It has been described as a stressful condition not only from a medical perspective but also in terms of psychological burden, with couples stating that it corresponds to a very demanding life crisis (1-3).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [1] Menning, 1980, The emotional needs of infertile couples, Fertil Steril source
    • cites [2] Burns, 2006, Psychology of infertility source
    • cites [3] Wischmann, 2001, Psychological characteristics of infertile couples: a study by the Heidelberg Fertility Consultation Service, Hum Reprod source

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The groups were equivalent in years of education and years of marriage.

    “The groups were equivalent in years of education and years of marriage.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Several mindfulness-based interventions have been applied and proved effective in numerous health problems such as chronic pain, cancer, anxiety disorders, depression, and so on.

    “Several mindfulness-based interventions have been applied and proved effective in numerous health problems such as chronic pain, cancer, anxiety disorders, depression, and so on (19)”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [19] Baer, 2003, Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: a conceptual and empirical review, Clin Psychol Sci Pract source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Most couples adjust and cope with infertility, but others present problematic emotional responses such as depression and anxiety.

    “Most couples are able to adjust and cope with infertility, but others present problematic emotional responses such as depression and anxiety (11,12).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [11] Ramazanzadeh, 2009, Emotional adjustment in infertile couples, Iran J Reprod Med
    • cites [12] Brandes, 2009, When and why do subfertile couples discontinue their fertility care? A longitudinal cohort study in a secondary care subfertility population, Hum Reprod source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The MBPI can contribute to minimizing suffering and the negative consequences that infertility and its treatment trigger and help these patients to live a more vital, flexible, and values-based life and be less focused on infertility.

    “The MBPI can contribute to minimizing suffering and the negative consequences that infertility and its treatment trigger and help these patients to live a more vital, flexible, and values-based life and be less focused on infertility.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The BDI showed a Cronbach alpha of .85 in the MBPI group and .91 in the control group.

    “In this study we found a Cronbach alpha of .85 in the MBPI group and of .91 in the control group.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The DS showed a Cronbach alpha of .92 in the MBPI group and .96 in the control group.

    “In the MBPI group, a Cronbach alpha of .92 was found, and in the control group it was .96.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    The AAQ-II presented a Cronbach alpha of .85 in both groups.

    “In the current study, the AAQ-II presented a Cronbach alpha of .85 in both groups.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    The EE subscales presented a Cronbach alpha of .92 in both groups.

    “In the current study, both subscales presented a Cronbach alpha of .92 in both groups.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The STAI-Y1 showed a Cronbach alpha of .93 in the MBPI group and .95 in the control group.

    “The Cronbach alpha found for STAI-Y1 was .93 in the MBPI group and .95 in the control group.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The groups did not present significant differences in demographics and were equivalent at baseline regarding the psychological measures used.

    “Furthermore, the groups did not present significant differences in demographics and were equivalent at baseline regarding the psychological measures used.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Participants recruited through the website of the Portuguese Fertility Association have Internet access and may be particularly informed and motivated to some kind of psychological intervention.

    “Participants' recruitment was conducted through the website of the Portuguese Fertility Association, which means that they have Internet access and may be particularly informed and motivated to some kind of psychological intervention.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The SCS self-compassion subscale presented a Cronbach alpha of .92 in the MBPI group and .90 in the control group.

    “The second corresponds to the sum of self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness and presented a Cronbach's alpha of .92 in the MBPI group and of .90 in the control group.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    The ISE presented a Cronbach alpha of .95 in both the MBPI group and the control group.

    “The ISE presented a Cronbach alpha of .95 in both the MBPI group and the control group.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Increasing mindfulness and acceptance skills, as well as cognitive decentering from thoughts and feelings, seem to help women to experience negative inner states in new ways, decreasing their entanglement with them and thus their psychological distress.

    “Increasing mindfulness and acceptance skills, as well as cognitive decentering from thoughts and feelings, seem to help women to experience negative inner states in new ways, decreasing their entanglement with them and thus their psychological distress.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The SCS self-judgment subscale showed a Cronbach alpha of .90 in the MBPI group and .93 in the control group.

    “The first one corresponds to the sum of self-criticism, isolation, and overidentification and showed a Cronbach alpha of .90 in the MBPI group and of .93 in the control group.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    The attrition rate was low.

    “The low attrition rate is also worth noting.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    The FMI showed a Cronbach alpha of .77 (completed by a subgroup of 30 women in the MBPI group).

    “In this study, the FMI showed a Cronbach alpha of .77(it was completed by a subgroup of 30 women in the MBPI group).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    The perception of being in a struggle and getting defeated by infertility was lower in the MBPI group, and this may allow a broader perspective (e.g., other family-building options).

    “The perception of being in a struggle and getting defeated by their infertility was also lower, and this may allow a broader perspective (e.g., other family-building options).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductreasoning

    Participants in both groups were medically assisted more or less in the same clinics, decreasing the probability of eventual influences of geographical differences.

    “Since there are 10 public clinics and 16 private clinics in Portugal and they are fairly well distributed in the north, center, and south of the country, participants in both groups were medically assisted more or less in the same clinics, decreasing the probability of eventual influences of geographical differences.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    Participants showed equal interest in joining the program and shared similarities (primary infertility diagnosis, access to the Internet).

    “Although it is not a randomized controlled trial, we emphasize that participants showed equal interest in joining the program and shared similarities (primary infertility diagnosis, access to the Internet).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductcitation

    The probability of systematic differences in comparison groups at baseline was low, diminishing the risk of selection bias.

    “In general, the probability of systematic differences in comparison groups at baseline was low, diminishing the risk of selection bias (58).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [58] Deeks, 2003, Evaluating non-randomized intervention studies, Health Technol Assess source

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    Decentering from thoughts and observing them for what they are, merely thoughts and not necessarily corresponding to reality, is one of the skills trained during the MBPI, and this may be a crucial factor for the depressive symptoms reduction.

    “Decentering from thoughts and observing them for what they are, merely thoughts and not necessarily corresponding to reality, is one of the skills trained during the MBPI, and this may be a crucial factor for the depressive symptoms reduction (49).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [49] Williams, 2007

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • Rests on an assumption: Depressive symptoms are related to distorted thoughts about ourselves, and themes of worthlessness and self-blame are rather frequent.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductreasoning

    This was not a blind study.

    “This was not a blind study given the nature of practical impediments to collecting the sample.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    The recruitment procedure was exactly the same for the control group.

    “However, since the recruitment procedure was exactly the same for the control group, this topic is less relevant.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The ESS showed a Cronbach alpha of .96 in the MBPI group and .95 in the control group.

    “In this study, a Cronbach alpha of .96was found in the MBPI group and of .95 in the control group.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Values clarification and the use of metaphors and experiential exercises led MBPI participants to be less focused on their infertility problem and more able to engage in life.

    “Values clarification (chosen life directions) and the use of metaphors and experiential exercises led them to be less focused on their infertility problem and more able to engage in life.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductown data

    The study is not a randomized controlled trial.

    “Although it is not a randomized controlled trial, we emphasize that participants showed equal interest in joining the program and shared similarities (primary infertility diagnosis, access to the Internet).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductnone given

    Participants in both groups were at different stages of their medical treatment and with various indications regarding the medical protocol to be followed, which can be confounders.

    “Participants in both groups were at different stages of their medical treatment and with various indications regarding the medical protocol to be followed, which can be confounders.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    The OAS showed a Cronbach alpha of .93 in both the MBPI group and the control group.

    “A Cronbach alpha of .93 was found in both the MBPI group and the control group.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
43 of 43

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    A mindfulness-based program specifically addressing infertility had not been developed until now.

    “but to our knowledge a mindfulness-based program specifically addressing infertility has not been developed until now.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Depressive symptoms are related to distorted thoughts about ourselves, and themes of worthlessness and self-blame are rather frequent.

    “Depressive symptoms are related to distorted thoughts about ourselves, and themes of worthlessness and selfblame are rather frequent.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    No prior program focuses specifically on mindfulness and acceptance skills designed for people with infertility.

    “To our knowledge, this is the first program that focuses specifically on mindfulness and acceptance skills designed for people with infertility, and we expect that its pioneering nature will stimulate the interest and curiosity of researchers and clinicians to extend its application.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The control group resembles a waiting list-type control group.

    “In fact, it should be mentioned that our control group resembles a waiting list-type control group, and taking action to try to solve their infertility condition, contact with health care providers, having more information about the treatment itself, and developing expectations and hope about the possibility of being a biological mother may play an important role in the observed change (57).”
4 of 4

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • The MBPI was effective, showing a significant decrease in psychopathological symptoms and a significant improvement in emotion regulation processes compared with the control group.

    “The MBPI was an effective intervention, with results showing a significant decrease in psychopathological symptoms and a significant improvement in emotion regulation processes (eg, mindfulness skills and self-efficacy to deal with infertility) compared with the control group.19”

    From KindMap: an e-mental health tool to promote the well-being and mental health of people facing infertility - study protocol for a feasibility randomised control trial (2024) · cites this paper as [19]

    The Results and Discussion report significant time-by-group effects for several psychopathological symptoms and for infertility-related self-efficacy, supporting those improvements compared with the control group. The Results report increased mindfulness skills only within a subgroup of MBPI participants, not as a comparison with controls. The claim therefore overextends the controlled comparison to mindfulness skills. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Control-group entrapment scores are assigned to opposite subscales

    Major

    Table 4 puts the control scores near 4.7 under external entrapment and those near 8.2 under internal entrapment; Table 3 assigns those scores the other way around. This changes which control-group comparison belongs to each subscale.

  • Control-group defeat scores differ between results tables

    Major

    Table 4 gives control-group defeat means of 18.50 and 15.83 at T1 and T2, while Table 3 gives 18.24 and 17.59. The corresponding SDs also differ.

  • Current-treatment categories omit three control participants

    Minor

    The four current-treatment categories contain 34 control participants, but the control group has 37 participants. Three are unaccounted for in these categories.

    Reported 37 · recomputed 34

  • Mindfulness test uses degrees of freedom inconsistent with its subgroup size

    Minor

    The reported mindfulness analysis involved 30 women, for which a paired-samples t test would have 29 degrees of freedom, not 54.

  • Self-compassion summary statistics differ between tables

    Minor

    For the same T1 groups, Table 3 reports an MBPI mean and SD of 39.70 and 8.90 and a control SD of 8.65; Table 2 instead reports 39.65, 8.82, and 9.29. These differences exceed rounding at the printed precision.

  • Demographic-equivalence claim conflicts with the reported age difference

    Minor

    The discussion says the groups had no significant demographic differences, whereas the results explicitly report an age difference and Table 1 gives its P value as .049.

6 of 6

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Vaz-Serra, 1973, Aferição dos quadros clínicos depressivos I—estudo de aplicação do “Inventário Depressivo de Beck” a uma amostra portuguesa de doentes deprimidos, Coimbra Médica, 20, 623
  2. Vaz-Serra, 1973, Aferição dos quadros clínicos depressivos II—estudo preliminar de novos agrupamentos sintomatológicos para complemento do “Inventário Depressivo de Beck.” Coimbra Médica, 20, 713
  3. Daniel, 1996, Teoria e prática psicométrica—contribuição para a validação do STAI-Y de Spielberger em estudantes do ensino superior, Badajoz: Universitá de Extremadura
  4. Pinto-Gouveia, 2012, Experiential avoidance in clinical and nonclinical samples, Intl J Psychol Psychol Ther, 12, 139

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Galhardo, A., Cunha, M., & Pinto-Gouveia, J.
Affiliations
Instituto Superior Miguel Torga (PT)
Corresponding author
Galhardo, Ana
ORCID
Venue
Fertility and Sterility
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-10
Volume
100
Issue
4
Pages
1059-1067
ISSN
0015-0282 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.05.036
OpenAlex
W1994072477
Cited by
120
References
57
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 2
FWCI
5.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Fertility and Sterility (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Health and Technologies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Keywords
infertility, mindfulness-based interventions, depression, shame, entrapment, defeat, self-compassion, experiential avoidance, acceptance, psychological distress, women with infertility
MeSH terms
Adult, Analysis of Variance, Awareness, Breathing Exercises, Cognition, Depression, Female, Fertility, Humans, Infertility, Female, Male, Mental Health, Perception, Portugal, Psychophysiology, Psychotherapy, Group, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Concept, Shame, Stress, Psychological, Time Factors, Chi-Square Distribution, Treatment Outcome, Imagery, Psychotherapy, Meditation, Mind-Body Therapies

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