Plasmalogen phospholipids protect internodal myelin from oxidative damage
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in a range of degenerative conditions, including aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and neurological disorders. Myelin is a lipid-rich multilamellar sheath that facilitates rapid nerve conduction in vertebrates. Given the high energetic demands and low antioxidant capacity of the cells that elaborate the sheaths, myelin is considered intrinsically vulnerable to oxidative damage, raising the question whether additional mechanisms prevent structural damage. We characterized the structural and biochemical basis of ROS-mediated myelin damage in murine tissues from both central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). To determine whether ROS can cause structural damage to the internodal myelin, whole sciatic and optic nerves were incubated ex vivo with a hydroxyl radical-generating system consisting of copper (Cu), hydrogen peroxide (HP), and ortho-phenanthroline (OP). Quantitative assessment of unfixed tissue by X-ray diffraction revealed irreversible compaction of myelin membrane stacking in both sciatic and optic nerves. Incubation in the presence of the hydroxyl radical scavenger sodium formate prevented this damage, implicating hydroxyl radical species. Myelin membranes are particularly enriched in plasmalogens, a class of ether-linked phospholipids proposed to have antioxidant properties. Myelin in sciatic nerve from plasmalogen-deficient (Pex7 knockout) mice was significantly more vulnerable to Cu/OP/HP-mediated ROS-induced compaction than myelin from WT mice. Our results directly support the role of plasmalogens as endogenous antioxidants providing a defense that protects ROS-vulnerable myelin.
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The idea that plasmalogen-deficient myelin is more prone to oxidative damage is weakened by reduced malondialdehyde and no substantial change in other oxidative stress markers in ether lipid-deficient mouse brains.
“Plasmalogen-deficient myelin might be more prone to oxidative damage [231]; however, this idea is weakened by the observations of reduced rather than elevated levels of malondialdehyde and no substantial change in other oxidative stress markers in the brains of ether lipid-deficient mice [40,73].”
From Peroxisomes in brain development and function (2016) · cites this paper as [231]
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“Plasmalogen-deficient myelin might be more prone to oxidative damage [231]; however, this idea isweakened by theobservations of reduced rather than elevated levels of malondialdehyde and no substantial change in other oxidative stress markers in the brains of ether lipid-deficient mice [40,73].”
BackgroundBarøy, T., Koster, J., Strømme, P., Ebberink, M. S., Misceo, D., Ferdinandusse, S., Holmgren, A., Hughes, T., Merckoll, E., Westvik, J., et al. (2015) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddv305 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
- Authors
- Luoma, A. M., Kuo, F., Cakici, O., Crowther, M. N., Denninger, A. R., Avila, R. L., Brites, P., & Kirschner, D. A.
- Affiliations
- Boston College (US)
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (PT)
- Corresponding author
- Kirschner, Daniel A.
- Venue
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-07
- Volume
- 84
- Pages
- 296-310
- ISSN
- 0891-5849 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1963970055
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 2.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Boston College
- Fondation pour l'Aide à la Recherche sur la Sclérose en Plaques
- Association Européenne contre les Leucodystrophies
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
- Keywords
- plasmalogens, myelin, reactive oxygen species, oxidative damage, hydroxyl radicals, sciatic nerve, optic nerve, peripheral nervous system, central nervous system, antioxidant defense, sodium formate
- MeSH terms
- Peroxisomal Targeting Signal 2 Receptor, Animals, Chelating Agents, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Edetic Acid, Formates, Myelin Sheath, Optic Nerve, Oxidation-Reduction, Plasmalogens, Sciatic Nerve, Free Radical Scavengers, Reactive Oxygen Species, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Mice, Knockout, Oxidative Stress, Protein Carbonylation
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