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Diagnostic accuracy of the mood module of the Patient Health Questionnaire: a systematic review

Wittkampf, Karin A., Naeije, Leonie, Schene, Aart H., Huyser, Jochanan, van Weert, Henk C.·2007·General Hospital Psychiatry

DOI 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2007.06.004

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Abstract

Objective The nine-item mood module of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was developed to screen and to diagnose patients in primary care with depressive disorders. We systematically reviewed the psychometric literature on the PHQ-9 and performed a meta-analysis to ascertain its summary sensitivity and specificity.Methods EMBASE, PubMed and PsycINFO were used to search literature up to July 2006. Studies were included if (1) they investigated the diagnostic accuracy of the PHQ-9 and (2) the PHQ-9 had been compared with a reference test. The quality of the studies was appraised using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. We calculated sensitivity, specificity and confidence intervals for each included study. We used the random effects model to calculate the summary sensitivity and specificity.Results We found a sensitivity of 0.77 (0.71-0.84) and a specificity of 0.94 (0.90-0.97) for the PHQ-9. The positive predictive value in an unselected primary care population was 59%, which increased to 85-90% when the prior probability increased to 30-40%.Conclusion In primary care, the PHQ-9 is a valid diagnostic tool if used in selected subgroups of patients with a high prevalence of depressive disorder.

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Background
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Authors: Wittkampf, K. A., Naeije, L., Schene, A. H., Huyser, J., & van Weert, H. C.
Affiliations: Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
Corresponding author: Wittkampf, Karin A.
ORCID: Naeije, Leonie
Schene, Aart H.
Venue: General Hospital Psychiatry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2007-09
Volume: 29
Issue: 5
Pages: 388-395
ISSN: 0163-8343 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2007.06.004
OpenAlex: W2055505621
Cited by: 493
References: 40
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 29
FWCI: 2.92
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: General Hospital Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
Keywords: PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire, depressive disorders, diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, primary care, depression screening, positive predictive value, prior probability
MeSH terms: Depression, Diagnostic Errors, Humans, Netherlands, Primary Health Care, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires

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Diagnostic accuracy of the mood module of the Patient Health Questionnaire: a systematic review

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