Development and validation of the overall depression severity and impairment scale
Abstract
The need to capture severity and impairment of depressive symptomatology is widespread. Existing depression scales are lengthy and largely focus on individual symptoms rather than resulting impairment. The Overall Depression Severity and Impairment Scale (ODSIS) is a 5-item, continuous measure designed for use across heterogeneous mood disorders and with subthreshold depressive symptoms. This study examined the psychometric properties of the ODSIS in outpatients in a clinic for emotional disorders (N = 100), undergraduate students (N = 566), and community-based adults (N = 189). Internal consistency, latent structure, item response theory, classification accuracy, convergent and discriminant validity, and differential item functioning analyses were conducted. ODSIS scores exhibited excellent internal consistency, and confirmatory factor analyses supported a unidimensional structure. Item response theory results demonstrated that the ODSIS provides more information about individuals with high levels of depression than those with low levels of depression. Responses on the ODSIS discriminated well between individuals with and without a mood disorder and depression-related severity across clinical and subclinical levels. A cut score of 8 correctly classified 82% of outpatients as with or without a mood disorder; it evidenced a favorable balance of sensitivity and specificity and of positive and negative predictive values. The ODSIS demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity, and results indicate that items function similarly across clinical and nonclinical samples. Overall, findings suggest that the ODSIS is a valid tool for measuring depression-related severity and impairment. The brevity and ease of use of the ODSIS support its utility for screening and monitoring treatment response across a variety of settings.
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The ODSIS shows excellent internal consistency (α = 0.92), and construct, convergent, and discriminant validity are supported.
“It shows excellent internal consistency (α = 0.92), and construct, convergent, and discriminant validity are supported.”
From Efficacy of an internet-based psychological intervention for problem gambling and gambling disorder: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as Bentley et al., 2014
The ODSIS has shown excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha between .91 and .94) and good convergent/discriminant validity.
“The ODSIS has shown excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha between .91 and .94) and good convergent/discriminant validity [66].”
The ODSIS has been well-validated as a brief screening measure for depression-related severity and functional impairment.
“Overall Depression Severity and Impairment Scale (ODSIS; Bentley et al., 2014), a five-item, self-report measure, has also been well-validated as a brief screening measure for depression-related severity and functional impairment.”
From Brief Transdiagnostic Intervention for Parents With Emotional Disorder Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Example (2021) · cites this paper as Bentley et al., 2014
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- Authors
- Bentley, K. H., Gallagher, M. W., Carl, J. R., & Barlow, D. H.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- VA Boston Healthcare System (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Assessment
- Published
- 2014-09
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 815-830
- ISSN
- 1040-3590 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-134X
- OpenAlex
- W2314347555
- Cited by
- 365
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 47 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 25.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Assessment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- depression severity, functional disability, mood disorders, subthreshold depression, screening, treatment response monitoring, psychometric validation, differential item functioning, item response theory, unidimensionality
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Severity of Illness Index, Dysthymic Disorder, Young Adult
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