Tinnitus and anxiety disorders: a review
Abstract
Background The most common form of tinnitus is a subjective, auditory, and distressing phantom phenomenon. Comorbidity with depression is high but other important psychiatric disorders such as anxiety disorders have received less attention. The current paper reviews the literature on the associations between tinnitus and anxiety disorders and the underlying pathophysiology, and discusses the clinical implications.Methodology PubMed and Web of Science were searched for all articles published up until October 2014 using combinations of the following search strings "Tinnitus", "Anxiety disorder", "Panic Disorder", "Generalized Anxiety Disorder", "Post traumatic stress disorder", "PTSD" "Social Phobia", "Phobia Disorder", "Obsessive Compulsive Disorder", "Agoraphobia".Results A total of 117 relevant papers were included. A 45% lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders is reported in tinnitus populations, while an important overlap in associated (sub)cortical brain areas and cortico-subcortical networks involved in attention, distress, and memory functions is suggested. A disturbed hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function can be found in tinnitus and in anxiety disorders but, in comorbidity, the direction of the dysfunction is unclear.Conclusion Comorbidity is high and screening for and treatment of anxiety disorders is recommended in moderate to severe tinnitus, as, given the overlap in the structural and functional brain circuitries involved, theoretically, their management could improve (subjective) levels of tinnitus although further empirical research on this topic is required.
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The lifetime prevalence of tinnitus patients with comorbid anxiety disorders is 45%.
“and the lifetime prevalence of tinnitus patients with comorbid anxiety disorders is 45% (Pattyn et al., 2016).”
From Research trends and hotspots of cognitive behavioral therapy for tinnitus: a bibliometric analysis (2025) · cites this paper as Pattyn et al., 2016
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Neuromodulation for Treatment of Tinnitus: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
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Identifying Health-Related Conditions Associated with Tinnitus in Young Adults
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Tinnitus and Self-Perceived Hearing Handicap in Firefighters: A Cross-Sectional Study
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Virtual reality for tinnitus management: a randomized controlled trial
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PTSD symptoms and tinnitus severity: An analysis of veterans with posttraumatic headaches.
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Cerebral Processing of Emotionally Loaded Acoustic Signals by Tinnitus Patients
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Tinnitus and its relationship with anxiety and depression in the elderly: a systematic review
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Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Patients with Chronic Tinnitus—Preliminary Results
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Momentary Analysis of Tinnitus: Considering the Patient
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Evaluation and Management of Tinnitus: Are There Opportunities for Improvement?
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- Authors
- Pattyn, T., Van Den Eede, F., Vanneste, S., Cassiers, L., Veltman, D. J., Van De Heyning, P., & Sabbe, B. C. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Antwerp (BE)
- Amsterdam Neuroscience (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Pattyn, T.
- Venue
- Hearing Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-03
- Volume
- 333
- Pages
- 255-265
- ISSN
- 0378-5955 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1213830217
- Cited by
- 233
- References
- 120
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 10
- FWCI
- 1.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Hearing Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Antwerp (5739, TOP-BOF 2012-2015)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Noise Effects and Management
- Keywords
- tinnitus, anxiety disorders, comorbidities, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, social anxiety disorder, phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, agoraphobia, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, cortico-subcortical networks, tinnitus screening, tinnitus treatment
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety Disorders, Auditory Perception, Humans, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Tinnitus, Comorbidity, Prevalence
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