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Cited by 21Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentPsychosocial Factors Impacting YouthBullying, Victimization, and Aggression

Statistical analysis of childhood and early adolescent externalizing behaviors in a middle low income country

Open access
Bishop, Sheila A., Okagbue, Hilary I., Odukoya, Jonathan A.·2020·Heliyon
DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03377PMC PMC7013197
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Abstract

The article show the pattern of externalizing behavior across age, gender, school type, and school level, with reference to aggression, delinquency, and hyperactivity. The study samples were primary school pupils and secondary school students from three selected Local Government Areas (LGA) in Ogun State, Nigeria [Ado-Odo/Ota, Ifo, and Yewa South]. Their ages ranged from 10 to 20 years. The student/pupil sample was 1770 in all. The instrument used was an adapted version of Achenbach's child behavior checklist and youth self-report. Basic descriptive statistics like frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, as well as non-parametric statistics like Phi-coefficient, Chi-square, Goodman and Kruskal's gamma, Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis H test were utilized. Inferential parametric statistics like Pearson r, analysis of variance and simple regression were also utilized. Four major findings were reported. Firstly, the private schools irrespective of age, gender and level, scored higher than the public school in aggression, delinquency, and hyperactivity. Secondly, aggression is higher in secondary schools, while delinquency and hyperactivity are more prevalent in primary schools. Thirdly, school level and school type are the strongest predictors of externalizing behavior. Lastly, correspondence analysis showed a similar behavioral pattern for the three behaviors and three distinct behavioral patterns. i). Respondents aged 10 and below and those in primary schools (ii). Male, public and between 16 and 20. iii). Private, secondary, female and between 11 and 15. Implications of the study are discussed.

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  • Males are three times more likely to exhibit aggressive behaviors than females due to both biological and cultural factors.

    “While males are three times more likely to exhibit aggressive behaviors than females due to both biological and cultural factors [137–139]”

    From Genetics of child aggression, a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [138]

    The Aggression section attributes aggression to biological and psychosocial factors, and the Discussion says males scored slightly higher. But Table 14 reports similar aggression scores for males and females (17.91 versus 17.63; p = 0.406), and the paper does not report that males are three times more likely to exhibit aggression or establish that biological and cultural factors cause such a difference. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. [77]Steinberg L. Adolescence eighth ed. 2008 McGraw-Hill New York
  2. [80]Bartol C. Bartol A. Juvenile Delinquency and Antisocial Behavior: A Developmental Perspective third ed. 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ

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Related

Authors
Bishop, S. A., Okagbue, H. I., & Odukoya, J. A.
Affiliations
Covenant University (NG)
Corresponding author
Okagbue, Hilary I.
ORCID
Venue
Heliyon
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2020-02
Volume
6
Issue
2
Pages
e03377
ISSN
2405-8440 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03377
PMC
PMC7013197
OpenAlex
W3004857680
Cited by
21
References
160
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2
FWCI
1.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Heliyon (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Covenant University Repository (Covenant University) (acceptedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Covenant University Centre for Research, Innovation and Discovery
  • Covenant University
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
Keywords
externalizing problems, child aggression, delinquency, hyperactivity, school type, public and private schools, school level, age differences, gender differences, early adolescence, elementary school students, high school students, Ogun State, Nigeria

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