Perseverations of the academy: a survey of wearable technologies applied to autism intervention
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These technologies are used to classify and predict behavior for the purpose of coding, analysis, and interventions aimed at modifying the behaviors of autistic individuals.
“These technologies are used to classify and predict behavior for the purpose of coding, analysis, and interventions aimed at modifying the behaviors of autistic individuals”
From Algorithmic harms and digital ageism in the use of surveillance technologies in nursing homes (2022) · cites this paper as Williams and Gilbert, 2020
The growing interest in surveillance technologies and AI within health and rehabilitation sectors to "normalize, reprogram, or extinguish autistic traits" is a form of "tech-saviorism" that reflects eugenic logics.
“As an example, the growing interest in surveillance technologies and AI within health and rehabilitation sectors to “normalize, reprogram, or extinguish autistic traits” is a form “tech-saviorism” that reflects eugenic logics”
From Algorithmic harms and digital ageism in the use of surveillance technologies in nursing homes (2022) · cites this paper as Williams and Gilbert, 2020
Across HCI studies, there is a tendency to design systems that address perceived neurodivergent behaviours from an external viewpoint without adequately considering internal struggles.
“Across a number of studies [9, 29, 30, 39, 54, 55, 64, 74, 81, 90, 93], there is a noticeable tendency to design systems that address perceived neurodivergent behaviours, often from an external viewpoint, without adequately considering the internal struggles experienced by neurodivergent individuals.”
From Burnout by Design: How Digital Systems Overburden Neurodivergent Students in Higher Education (2025) · cites this paper as [90]
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What should autism research focus upon? Community views and priorities from the United Kingdom
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Innovative technology-based interventions for autism spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis
Grynszpan, O., Weiss, P. L. (., Perez-Diaz, F., & Gal, E. (2014) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361313476767 · Cited by 621 · see citing works
Neurotypical Peers are Less Willing to Interact with Those with Autism based on Thin Slice Judgments
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Attention, monotropism and the diagnostic criteria for autism
Murray, D., Lesser, M., & Lawson, W. (2005) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361305051398 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Berthoz, S., & Hill, E. L. (2005) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.06.013 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Sensory integration and the perceptual experience of persons with autism
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Untended wounds: Non-suicidal self-injury in adults with autism spectrum disorder
Maddox, B. B., Trubanova, A., & White, S. W. (2017) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361316644731 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
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Dincelli, E., & Yayla, A. (2022) · The Journal of Strategic Information Systems · doi:10.1016/j.jsis.2022.101717 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
ADHD and Technology Research – Investigated by Neurodivergent Readers
Spiel, K., Hornecker, E., Williams, R. M., & Good, J. (2022) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3491102.3517592 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Algorithmic harms and digital ageism in the use of surveillance technologies in nursing homes
Berridge, C., & Grigorovich, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Sociology · doi:10.3389/fsoc.2022.957246 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Eagle, T., Baltaxe-Admony, L. B., & Ringland, K. E. (2024) · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing · doi:10.1145/3689648 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Williams et al. suggest that executive function-focused assistive technology is an emerging topic within HCI but note that assistive tech for autism is typically designed to address social skills despite participants expressing difficulty with attention and executive function [104].”
Dahlstrom-Hakki, I., Alstad, Z., Asbell-Clarke, J., & Edwards, T. (2024) · Virtual Reality · doi:10.1007/s10055-023-00933-6 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“On the other hand, some of these tools have been critiqued for seeking to “normalize” autistic individuals while disregarding their strengths and preferences (Williams and Gilbert 2020).”
Burnout by Design: How Digital Systems Overburden Neurodivergent Students in Higher Education
Tcherdakoff, N. A., Marshall, P., Dowthwaite, A., Bird, J., & Cox, A. L. (2025) · Proceedings of the 4th Annual Symposium on Human-Computer Interaction for Work · doi:10.1145/3729176.3729193 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“This paper makes a novel contribution by centring the lived experiences of neurodivergent university students and uncovering the critical role of digital system design in shaping their academic success and emotional wellbeing [9, 29, 30, 39, 54, 55, 64, 74, 81, 90, 93].”
Mack, K., McDonnell, E., Jain, D., Lu Wang, L., E. Froehlich, J., & Findlater, L. (2021) · Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411764.3445412 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Rethinking Productivity with GenAI: A Neurodivergent Students' Perspective
Jamshed, H., Naseem, M., Potluri, V., & Brewer, R. N. (2025) · Proceedings of the 27th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility · doi:10.1145/3663547.3746329 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“It talks about cognitive disabilities as a burden, a source of suffering, and something that needs to be ’fixed,’ often focusing on bringing neurodivergent individuals on par with neurotypical individuals [15, 16, 22, 51, 82, 86].”
Zhang, H., Feng, Y., Walker, A., & Rode, J. A. (2025) · Proceedings of the 27th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility · doi:10.1145/3663547.3746363 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“That said, scholars (e.g., [82, 84]) critique the dominant focus of current research on using technology to enforce normative goals for individuals with autism, and instead emphasize the importance of supporting autistic people’s self-determination and autonomy over correction or normalization.”
Cripping AI: Reimagining AI Through Lived Disability Experiences
Tang, X., Lin, T.-A., Li, J., & Wu, S. (2026) · Proceedings of the 2026 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency · doi:10.1145/3805689.3806744 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Prior systematic reviews indicate that systems designed for neurodiver-gent individuals often emphasize diagnostic categorization and aim to align their behaviors with neurotypical norms, such as maintaining eye contact and regulating attention [10, 236, 237, 268, 269].”
- Authors
- Williams, R. M., & Gilbert, J. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Florida (US)
- Venue
- International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-11
- Volume
- 143
- Pages
- 102485
- ISSN
- 1071-5819 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3033631891
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8
- FWCI
- 4.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Human-Computer Studies (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
- Keywords
- wearable devices, autism intervention, autism spectrum disorder, social skills training, sensorimotor integration, emotion regulation, executive function, communication, critical disability studies, assistive technology
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