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Use of Normal Tissue Complication Probability Models in the Clinic
Open accessAbstract
The Quantitative Analysis of Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic (QUANTEC) review summarizes the currently available three-dimensional dose/volume/outcome data to update and refine the normal tissue dose/volume tolerance guidelines provided by the classic Emami et al. paper published in 1991. A "clinician's view" on using the QUANTEC information in a responsible manner is presented along with a description of the most commonly used normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models. A summary of organ-specific dose/volume/outcome data, based on the QUANTEC reviews, is included.
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“A seminal paper by Emami et al. ( 6 ) summarized normal-tissue tolerances to external photon irradiation as they were known in 1991, and these data have been gradually updated and expanded through other initiatives such as Quantitative Analysis of Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic (QUANTEC) and Hypofractionated Treatment Effects in the Clinic (HyTEC) ( 25 , 26 ).”
From Normal-Tissue Tolerance to Radiopharmaceutical Therapies, the Knowns and the Unknowns (2021) · cites this paper as [25]
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Tolerance of normal tissue to therapeutic irradiation
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Fitting of normal tissue tolerance data to an analytic function
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Niemierko, A. (1997) · Medical Physics · doi:10.1118/1.598063 · Cited by 1,231
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Lyman, J. T. (1985) · Radiation Research · doi:10.2307/3576626 · Cited by 1,160
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- Jolles, 1939, Area factor in skin reaction, Br Emp Cancer Campaign Rep, 16
- Niemierko, 1999, A generalized concept of equivalent uniform dose (EUD), Med Phys, 26, 1100
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“In radiation therapy, doses of less than 45 Gy are generally accepted for the stomach without unacceptable complications (28).”
BackgroundRecommendations for the Use of Radiotherapy in Nodal Lymphoma
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“The dose-volume objectives for the lungs and heart were aligned to QUANTEC guidelines as follows [17]; lung V20Gy < 30% and mean dose <20Gy, heart V30Gy < Pandeli et al.”
MethodGronberg, M., Beadle, B. M., Garden, A. S., Skinner, H. D., Gay, S., Netherton, T., Cao, W., Cardenas, C. E., Chung, C., Fuentes, D., et al. (2023) · Practical Radiation Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.prro.2022.12.003 · Cited by 62
“7,8 Meeting planning goals indicates a certain level of plan safety, but not optimality.”
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“The quantitative analysis of normal tissue effects in the clinic study also found the following doseresponse relationship in the brain, that is, that the incidence of radionecrosis rises from 3% with a dose of <60 Gy to 5% with a dose of 72 Gy and to 10% with 90 Gy (29).”
BackgroundMukesh, M. B., Harris, E., Collette, S., Coles, C. E., Bartelink, H. G. M. M., Wilkinson, J. S., Evans, P., Graham, P., Haviland, J., Poortmans, P. M., et al. (2013) · Radiotherapy and Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2013.07.006 · Cited by 61
“More recently, Quantitative Analyses of Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic (QUANTEC) articles summarised the quantitative effects of RT dose and treatment volume on late normal tissue complications [3].”
MethodIntensity-modulated radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a review
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“The Quantitative Analysis of Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic (QUANTEC) provides recent data behind normal tissue complication probabilities [42].”
BackgroundCuneo, K. C., Morgan, M. A., Davis, M. A., Parcels, L. A., Parcels, J., Karnak, D. M., Ryan, C., Liu, N., Maybaum, J., & Lawrence, T. S. (2016) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.01.028 · Cited by 60
Tranéus, E., & Ödén, J. (2018) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.10.031 · Cited by 60
Kawula, M., Purice, D., Li, M., Vivar, G., Ahmadi, S., Parodi, K., Belka, C., Landry, G., & Kurz, C. (2022) · Radiation Oncology · doi:10.1186/s13014-022-01985-9 · Cited by 66
“Settings were chosen using the expert segmentation such that a PTV coverage of at least V 95% = 100% was achieved (no normalization was applied after optimization), while dose to OARs was below the recommendations of the QUANTEC report [22].”
MethodCarbon Ion Reirradiation for Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer: A Single-Institutional Experience
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Nardone, V., Tini, P., Nioche, C., Mazzei, M. A., Carfagno, T., Battaglia, G., Pastina, P., Grassi, R., Sebaste, L., & Pirtoli, L. (2018) · La radiologia medica · doi:10.1007/s11547-017-0850-7 · Cited by 58
“induced xerostomia due to the sensitivity and specificity of normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models at the clinic [15].”
Background203/212Pb Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals for Image-guided Radionuclide Therapy for Cancer
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“Furthermore, even in asymptomatic patients, radiological changes could potentially reflect a lower capacity to deal with future cardiopulmonary stress [8].”
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Clinical and epidemiological observations on individual radiation sensitivity and susceptibility
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“However, it is still estimated that up to 20% of the cancer patients develop radiotherapy-related adverse effects of grade 2 or higher, with about 5% experiencing grade 3 or 4 toxicities (e.g. Marks et al. 2010).”
BackgroundConcurrent chemoradiotherapy using proton beams for unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer
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Real-time, volumetric imaging of radiation dose delivery deep into the liver during cancer treatment
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“Moreover, dose escalation in many diseases is limited by adjacent normal tissue radiosensitivity 16,17 .”
BackgroundHiniker, S. M., Modlin, L. A., Choi, C. Y. H., Atalar, B., Seiger, K., Binkley, M. S., Harris, J. P., Liao, Y. J., Fischbein, N. J., Wang, L., et al. (2015) · Seminars in Radiation Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.semradonc.2015.11.008 · Cited by 55
Long-Term Results of Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Skull Base Meningiomas
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“8 10/15 19%/62% Mirimanoff et al(57) 1985 225 N/A 11 7%/63% 20%/45% 32%/9% Simpson et al(19) 1957 1241 60 (6-240) 36 9% (Simpson = 1), 19% (Simpson = 2),”
InfluentialCarbon ion radiotherapy in pancreatic cancer: A review of clinical data
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“This is particularly important in the case of radiation-induced lung damage [8], which is a complex disease that manifests in up to 30% of thoracic irradiations in the forms of acute inflammatory radiation pneumonitis (RP) and subsequent chronic pulmonary fibrosis [9].”
BackgroundTrial Watch: Radioimmunotherapy for oncological indications
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Feasibility of extreme dose escalation for glioblastoma multiforme using 4π radiotherapy
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“In addition, it had been observed in brain SRS studies that there is a rapid rise of brain necrosis when the volume of brain receiving 12 Gy or greater (V12) is more than 5– 10 cm(3) [17].”
BackgroundINTRAGO: intraoperative radiotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme – a Phase I/II dose escalation study
Giordano, F. A., Brehmer, S., Abo‐Madyan, Y., Welzel, G., Sperk, E., Keller, A., Schneider, F. W., Clausen, S., Herskind, C., Schmiedek, P., et al. (2014) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-992 · Cited by 57
“5 Gy (brain stem) are commonly accepted in LINACbased EBRT according to the QUANTEC (Quantitative Analyses of Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic) recommendations [26].”
MethodGomez, D. R., Tucker, S. L., Martel, M. K., Mohan, R., Balter, P. A., Guerra, J. L. L., Liu, H., Komaki, R. U., Cox, J. D., & Liao, Z. X. (2012) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.01.071 · Cited by 53
Zamboglou, C., Spohn, S. K. B., Adebahr, S., Huber, M., Kirste, S., Sprave, T., Gratzke, C., Chen, R. C., Carl, E., Weber, W., et al. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13225795 · Cited by 52
“However, due to the proximity to the rectum and bladder, an unlimited dose escalation to the whole prostatic gland with external beam RT would entail a high risk of severe toxicity [30].”
BackgroundBernhardt, D., König, L., Grosu, A., Wiestler, B., Rieken, S., Wick, W., Gempt, J., Krieg, S. M., Schmidt‐Graf, F., Sahm, F., et al. (2022) · Strahlentherapie und Onkologie · doi:10.1007/s00066-022-01994-3 · Cited by 52
“QUANTEC data reveal a dose–response relationship in the brain where the incidence of RN increases from 3% with a Dmax <60Gy to 5% at Dmax= 72Gy [22].”
BackgroundForo, P., Algara, M., Lozano, J., Rodríguez, N., Sanz, X., Torres, E., Carles, J., Reig, A., Membrive, I., Quera, J., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.01.002 · Cited by 52
Identification of a rectal subregion highly predictive of rectal bleeding in prostate cancer IMRT
Dréan, G., Acosta, O., Ospina, J. D., Fargeas, A., Lafond, C., Corrégé, G., Lagrange, J.-L., Créhange, G., Simon, A., Haigron, P., et al. (2016) · Radiotherapy and Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2016.04.023 · Cited by 52
The radiation dose tolerance of the brachial plexus: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Yan, M., Kong, W., Kerr, A., & Brundage, M. (2019) · Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ctro.2019.06.006 · Cited by 52
“The QUANTEC studies, which aimed to provide updated tolerances in light of radiotherapy advancement, did not specify guidelines for brachial plexus dose tolerance [7].”
BackgroundRong, Y., Chen, Q., Fu, Y., Yang, X., Al‐Hallaq, H., Wu, Q., Yuan, L., Xiao, Y., Cai, B., Latifi, K., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.10.033 · Cited by 58
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Grand challenges for medical physics in radiation oncology
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“High-impact examples are the quantification of dose-volume effects based on clinical data, being relevant in everyday radiotherapy planning and optimization [48,49] as well as the adaptation and use of fractionation models aimed to translate physical doses into biologically equivalent doses for tumors [50].”
BackgroundCheal, S. M., Xu, H., Guo, H.-F., Lee, S., Punzalan, B. J., Chalasani, S., Fung, E. K., Jungbluth, A. A., ZANZONICO, P. B., Carrasquillo, J. A., et al. (2015) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-015-3254-8 · Cited by 50
“Based on human normal-tissue radiation dose tolerance estimates derived from clinical observations [35], the MTDs are 250 cGy for bone marrow, 1,500 cGy for lung, 3,000 cGy for liver, and 2,000 cGy for kidney.”
MethodZindler, J. D., Thomas, C. R., Hahn, S. M., Hoffmann, A. L., Troost, E. G. C., & Lambin, P. (2015) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djv305 · Cited by 50
McDonald, B. A., Zachiu, C., Christodouleas, J. P., Naser, M. A., Ruschin, M., Sonke, J., Thorwarth, D., Létourneau, D., Tyagi, N., Tadic, T., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.1086258 · Cited by 49
Increased risk of death due to heart disease after radiotherapy for esophageal cancer.
Frandsen, J. E., Boothe, D. L., Gaffney, D. K., Wilson, B. D., & Lloyd, S. A. J. (2015) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2015.040 · Cited by 50
“Current cooperative group esophageal chemoradiation protocols recommend limiting the volume receiving 40 Gy to less than 50%, and the mean heart dose to less than 27 Gy (27), which is expected to limit the rate of pericarditis to less than approximately 15% (28).”
BackgroundAssessment and management of radiotherapy induced toxicity in older patients
O’Donovan, A., Leech, M., & Gillham, C. (2017) · Journal of Geriatric Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jgo.2017.07.001 · Cited by 51
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A tumor control probability model for anal squamous cell carcinoma
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“Details including definition of local control, overall survival, censorship and exclusion of patients; required to adhere to guidance on meta-analysis was not available [39–41].”
BackgroundCheal, S. M., Fung, E. K., Patel, M., Xu, H., Guo, H.-F., ZANZONICO, P. B., Monette, S., Wittrup, K. D., Cheung, N. V., & Larson, S. M. (2017) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.117.193250 · Cited by 48
“We chose these benchmarks based on clinical human normal-tissue radiation dose tolerance estimates (11), as well as experience gleaned from radiopeptide treatments and related toxicities in humans (1).”
MethodEsperança‐Martins, M., Roque, D., Barroso, T., Abrunhosa-Branquinho, A. N., Belo, D., Simas, N., & Costa, L. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15061796 · Cited by 49
“Neurological complications such as myelopathy from radiation are late, rare events and are normally mitigated during RT planning [52].”
BackgroundMarzi, L. D., Feuvret, L., Boulé, T. P., Habrand, J. L., Martin, F., Calugaru, V., Fournier‐Bidoz, N., Ferrand, R., & Mazal, A. (2015) · British Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1259/bjr.20140413 · Cited by 47
Zamboglou, C., Sachpazidis, I., Koubar, K., Drendel, V., Wiehle, R., Kirste, S., Mix, M. D., Schiller, F., Mavroidis, P., Meyer, P. T., et al. (2017) · Radiotherapy and Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2017.04.021 · Cited by 47
“However, due to the proximity to rectum and bladder an unlimited dose escalation to the whole prostatic gland with external beam RT would entail an unacceptably high risk of severe toxicity [2].”
BackgroundMethodGüler, O. C., Engels, B., Önal, C., Everaert, H., den Begin, R. V., Gevaert, T., & Ridder, M. D. (2017) · Clinical & Translational Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12094-017-1736-9 · Cited by 47
Dose or ‘LET’ painting – What is optimal in particle therapy of hypoxic tumors?
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“Normal tissues and their associated complication probabilities [22] were not explicitly included in the present work.”
BackgroundNassef, M., Simon, A., Cazoulat, G., Duménil, A., Blay, C., Lafond, C., Acosta, O., Balosso, J., Haigron, P., & de Crevoisier, R. (2016) · Radiotherapy and Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2016.03.007 · Cited by 46
“Reference RTOG/QUANTEC rectum wall and bladder wall DVH points were also analyzed [25].”
MethodSachdev, S., Refaat, T., Bacchus, I. D., Sathiaseelan, V., & Mittal, B. B. (2014) · American Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1097/coc.0000000000000165 · Cited by 46
“The more recent Quantitative Analysis of Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic (QUANTEC) guidelines did not include thyroid parameters.(31) Although our proposed constraints should be independently validated, we provide a clinically applicable dosimetric parameter derived from a relatively homogenous patient population…”
BackgroundHill‐Kayser, C. E., Tochner, Z. A., Both, S., Lustig, R. A., Reilly, A. F., Balamuth, N., Womer, R. B., Maris, J. M., Grupp, S. A., & Bagatell, R. (2013) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.24606 · Cited by 46
“These constraints are based on those associated with less than 5% risk of normal organ damage in the adult population within the Quantitative Analyses of Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic (QUANTEC) publication; however, as noted by those authors, normal organ tolerance in children is not well understood [16,17].”
BackgroundDose-volume effects on brainstem dose tolerance in radiosurgery
Xue, J., Goldman, H. W., Grimm, J., LaCouture, T. A., Chen, Y., Hughes, L., & Yorke, E. D. (2012) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/2012.7.gks12962 · Cited by 45
Self-citationSIOP PODC Adapted treatment guidelines for low grade gliomas in low and middle income settings
Hessissen, L., Parkes, J., Amayiri, N. Y., Mushtaq, N., Sirachainan, N., Anacak, Y., Mitra, D., Figaji, A. A., Meeteren, A. Y. N. S., Sullivan, M. J., et al. (2017) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.26737 · Cited by 45
Optimal fractionation in radiotherapy with multiple normal tissues
Saberian, F., Ghate, A., & Kim, M. (2015) · Mathematical Medicine and Biology A Journal of the IMA · doi:10.1093/imammb/dqv015 · Cited by 45
“2 Mean dose constraints for parallel normal tissue Let M2 ⊆M be the set of indices of parallel normal tissues with mean dose constraints; these are the normal tissues where a sufficiently small portion can be damaged without affecting the organ function [43].”
BackgroundInfluentialEbert, M. A., Gulliford, S., Acosta, O., de Crevoisier, R., McNutt, T., Heemsbergen, W. D., Witte, M. G., Palma, G., Rancati, T., & Fiorino, C. (2021) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/1361-6560/ac0681 · Cited by 44
“In 2010, theQuantitative Analysis of Normal Tissue Effects in theClinic (QUANTEC) review summarised the three-dimensional dose/volume/ outcome data to update and refine the related normal tissue tolerance guidelines (Marks et al 2010), initially provided by Emami et al (1991).”
MethodDose constraints in breast cancer radiotherapy. A critical review
Rose, F. D., Santis, M. C. D., Lucidi, S., Colciago, R. R., Marino, L., Cucciarelli, F., Rocca, E. L., Pressa, F. D., Lohr, F., Vanoni, V., et al. (2024) · Radiotherapy and Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110591 · Cited by 51
Mechanisms of radiation-induced sensorineural hearing loss and radioprotection
Mujica‐Mota, M. A., Lehnert, S., Dević, S., Gasbarrino, K., & Daniel, S. J. (2014) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2014.03.003 · Cited by 43
“Recent efforts by Marks et al. (2010) estimated a dose-volume limit for hearing (at 4 kHz frequency) of 45 Gy for fractionated RT and 14 Gy for stereotactic radiosurgery (single dose).”
Meattini, I., GUENZI, M., Fozza, A., Vidali, C., Rovea, P., Meacci, F., & Livi, L. (2016) · Breast Cancer · doi:10.1007/s12282-016-0694-3 · Cited by 45
“QUANTEC [89] D mean \26 Gy \15 % pericarditis”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialChemoradiation-induced hearing loss remains a major concern for head and neck cancer patients
Schmitt, N. C., & Page, B. R. (2017) · International Journal of Audiology · doi:10.1080/14992027.2017.1353710 · Cited by 43
“With regard to radiotherapyrelated dose volume constraints, for patients with base of skull or nasopharynx tumours we follow QUANTEC recommendations (Marks et al, 2010) for 30% cochlea volume getting less than 45 Gy.”
BackgroundIorio, G. C., Spieler, B. O., Ricardi, U., & Pra, A. D. (2021) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103497 · Cited by 43
Wong, K., Sheehan‐Dare, G., Nguyen, A., Ho, B., Liu, V., Lee, J., Brown, L. J., Dear, R. F.-G., Chan, L., Sharma, S., et al. (2022) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph15070772 · Cited by 42
Artificial intelligence to predict outcomes of head and neck radiotherapy
Bang, C., Bernard, G., Le, W., Lalonde, A., Kadoury, S., & Bahig, H. (2023) · Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ctro.2023.100590 · Cited by 42
“However, the predictive power of currently models is largely limited by the lack of integration of patient-specific risk factors [40 41] and omission of the inclusion of radiomic features despite studies having shown their relevance [38].”
BackgroundRobertson, S. P., Quon, H., Kiess, A. P., Moore, J. A., Yang, W., Cheng, Z., Afonso, S. L., Allen, M., Richardson, M., Choflet, A., et al. (2015) · Medical Physics · doi:10.1118/1.4922686 · Cited by 42
Messer, J. A., Ekinci, E., Patel, T. A., & Teh, B. S. (2019) · Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.rpor.2019.03.001 · Cited by 42
Alford, S., Prassas, G., Vogelesang, C. R., Leggett, H. J., & Hamilton, C. S. (2013) · Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology · doi:10.1111/j.1754-9485.2012.02473.x · Cited by 42
Troeller, A., Yan, D., Marina, O., Schulze, D., Alber, M. L., Parodi, K., Belka, C., & Söhn, M. (2015) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.09.046 · Cited by 41
Chajon, É., Lafond, C., Louvel, G., Castelli, J., Williaume, D., Henry, O., Jégoux, F., Vauléon, É., Manens, J.-P., Prisé, É. L., et al. (2013) · Radiation Oncology · doi:10.1186/1748-717x-8-132 · Cited by 41
“The following OAR dose constraints were used [14]: brainstem and spinal cord maximum doses (D2%) were 50Gy and 45Gy, respectively; for the parotid glands, mean dose (D mean) was <26Gy or the maximum dose received by 50% of the volume was <30Gy; for the SMG, D mean was ≤39Gy; for OC (defined as previously described by…”
BackgroundHenkenberens, C., Janssen, S., Lavae-Mokhtari, M., Leni, K., Meyer, A., Christiansen, H., Bremer, M., & Dickgreber, N. J. (2016) · Radiation Oncology · doi:10.1186/s13014-016-0580-3 · Cited by 41
“tissue constraints [22]; particularly, RP is one of the most significant dose-limiting factors in the radiation treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; [3, 23]).”
BackgroundWhat is the best way to radiate the prostate in 2016?
Moon, D. H., Efstathiou, J. A., & Chen, R. C. (2016) · Urologic Oncology Seminars and Original Investigations · doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.06.002 · Cited by 41
Abel, E., Silander, E. M., Nyman, J., Bove, M., Johansson, L., Björk‐Eriksson, T., & Hammerlid, E. B. (2017) · Advances in Radiation Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.adro.2017.05.002 · Cited by 41
“2 Gy, which approaches the recommended threshold doses reported by both the Quantitative Analysis of Normal Tissue effects in the Clinic review and a separate analysis from the PARSPORT trial.(27,28) Further DDP optimization and improvements in delineation methods using advanced imaging technologies (eg, magnetic reso…”
MethodCheal, S. M., Xu, H., Guo, H.-F., Patel, M., Punzalan, B. J., Fung, E. K., Lee, S., Bell, M. M., Singh, M., Jungbluth, A. A., et al. (2018) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.26585 · Cited by 41
“Based on estimated maximum tolerated doses of 250 and 2000 cGy for blood (bone marrow) and kidney, respectively [17], the estimated maximum tolerated activity is ~180 MBq, with blood (bone marrow) as the dose-limiting tissue (TI for blood: 28).”
BackgroundSchörghofer, A., Drerup, M., Kunit, T., Lusuardi, L., Holzinger, J., Karner, J., Groher, M., Zoubek, C., Forstner, R., Sedlmayer, F., et al. (2019) · Radiation Oncology · doi:10.1186/s13014-019-1248-6 · Cited by 41
Hansen, C. R., Friborg, J., Jensen, K., Samsøe, E., Johnsen, L., Zukauskaite, R., Grau, C., Maare, C., Johansen, J., Primdahl, H., et al. (2019) · Acta Oncologica · doi:10.1080/0284186x.2019.1654129 · Cited by 41
“, which need to be understood and managed in order for the clinical implementation to be safe [24].”
BackgroundWolf, F., Gaisberger, C., Ziegler, I., Krenn, E., Scherer, P., Hruby, S., Schätz, T., Forstner, R., Holzinger, J., Vaszi, A., et al. (2015) · Radiotherapy and Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2015.07.027 · Cited by 41
“Since a rectal dose beyond 70 Gy is a predictor for rectal toxicity [4], the rectum remains to be the primary organ at risk (OAR) [5] in EBRT, warranting research into more efficient rectum sparing strategies.”
BackgroundStatistical Validation of Normal Tissue Complication Probability Models
Xu, C., van der Schaaf, A., Veld, A. A. V., Langendijk, J. A., & Schilstra, C. (2012) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.02.022 · Cited by 40
Hansen, K. S., Zwingenberger, A. L., Théon, A. P., Pfeiffer, I., & Kent, M. S. (2016) · Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/jvim.13970 · Cited by 40
Huang, Y., Chen, S.-W., Fan, C.-C., Ting, L., Kuo, C., & Chiou, J.-F. (2016) · Radiation Oncology · doi:10.1186/s13014-016-0663-1 · Cited by 40
Alfredo, C., Carolin, S., Acker, G., Kluge, A. K., Pontoriero, A., Cacciola, A., Pergolizzi, S., Germanò, A., Badakhshi, H., Kufeld, M., et al. (2019) · Radiation Oncology · doi:10.1186/s13014-019-1397-7 · Cited by 40
Chicheportiche, A., Ben‐Haim, S., Grozinsky‐Glasberg, S., Oleinikov, K., Meirovitz, A., Gross, D. J., & Godefroy, J. (2020) · EJNMMI Physics · doi:10.1186/s40658-020-0273-8 · Cited by 40
Methodological Development of Combination Drug and Radiotherapy in Basic and Clinical Research
Chargari, C., Lévy, A., Paolettí, X., Soria, J., Massard, C., Weichselbaum, R. R., & Deutsch, É. (2020) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-4155 · Cited by 40
“The average acceptable rate of major side effects after radiotherapy, especially late effects, is less than 5%, as described in the classic Emami tolerance parameters (68), which have been revisited in the more recent Quantec data (69).”
BackgroundSpatially Fractionated Radiotherapy in the Era of Immunotherapy
McMillan, M. T., Khan, A. J., Powell, S. N., Humm, J. L., Deasy, J. O., & Haimovitz‐Friedman, A. (2024) · Seminars in Radiation Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.semradonc.2024.04.002 · Cited by 43
Self-citationGuy, J., Falk, A. T., Auberdiac, P., Cartier, L., Vallard, A., Ollier, É., Trone, J., Khodri, M., Chargari, C., & Magné, N. (2015) · Medical dosimetry · doi:10.1016/j.meddos.2015.06.002 · Cited by 39
Lin, C., Huang, W., Jen, Y., Chen, C.-M., Su, Y.-F., Chao, H. L., & Lin, C. (2013) · Diseases of the Esophagus · doi:10.1111/dote.12144 · Cited by 39
Effects of changing modulation and pitch parameters on tomotherapy delivery quality assurance plans
Binny, D., Lancaster, C. M., Harris, S., & Sylvander, S. R. (2015) · Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics · doi:10.1120/jacmp.v16i5.5282 · Cited by 39
“1 (e) and (f), the optimizer in the case of reduced modulation factors can cause the dose constraints to be out of tolerance delivering very high doses to OAR, as per published data(12,13,14) and compromising the PTV coverage.”
BackgroundMethodEffect of the Maximum Dose on White Matter Fiber Bundles Using Longitudinal Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Zhu, T., Chapman, C. H., Tsien, C. I., Kim, M. H., Spratt, D. E., Lawrence, T. S., & Cao, Y. (2016) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.07.010 · Cited by 39
“In current clinical practice, limited guidelines (33) are available to avoid necrosis and to spare the brainstem and optic nerves and chiasm.”
Rydhög, J. S., de Blanck, S. R., Josipović, M., Jølck, R. I., Larsen, K. R., Clementsen, P. F., Andersen, T. L., Poulsen, P. R., Persson, G. F., & af Rosenschöld, P. M. (2017) · Radiotherapy and Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2017.02.003 · Cited by 39
Selection of external beam radiotherapy approaches for precise and accurate cancer treatment
Shirato, H., Le, Q., Kobashi, K., Prayongrat, A., Takao, S., Shimizu, S., Giaccia, A. J., Xing, L., & Umegaki, K. (2018) · Journal of Radiation Research · doi:10.1093/jrr/rrx092 · Cited by 40
“A generalized equivalent uniform dose (gEUD) has been shown to be useful when comparing different dose fractionation schedules in the 3DRTP era [40, 41].”
BackgroundPericardial disease after breast cancer radiotherapy
Marinko, T. (2018) · Radiology and Oncology · doi:10.2478/raon-2018-0035 · Cited by 41
Sarti, A., Maria, P. D., Battistoni, G., Simoni, M. D., Felice, C. D., Dong, Y., Fischetti, M., Franciosini, G., Marafini, M., Marampon, F., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.777852 · Cited by 39
“Dosimetric endpoints are either expressed as the fraction of volume (VXX) that absorbs a given amount of dose (XX Gy), or as the value of the maximum absorbed dose (and the associated volume) (29) and are shown in Table 2 for all the OARs considered in a prostate treatment.”
BackgroundMethodThomas, T. O., Hasan, S., Small, W. C., Herman, J. M., Lock, M. I., Kim, E. Y., Mayr, N. A., Teh, B. S., & Lo, S. S.-M. (2014) · PubMed Central · doi:10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2014.024 · Cited by 39
“of normal tissue effects in the clinic) (4) described the dose”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThor, M., Bentzen, L., Hysing, L. B., Ekanger, C., Helle, S. I., Karlsdóttir, Á., & Muren, L. P. (2013) · Radiotherapy and Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2013.03.029 · Cited by 38
Brodin, N. P., Maraldo, M. V., Aznar, M. C., Vogelius, I. R., Petersen, P. M., Bentzen, S. M., & Specht, L. (2013) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.10.028 · Cited by 38
“used normal tissue dose constraints (9) will almost inevitably be met by any HL dose plan.”
BackgroundSelf-citationTeoh, S., Fiorini, F., George, B., Vallis, K. A., & den Heuvel, F. V. (2019) · Radiotherapy and Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2019.06.032 · Cited by 38
“Most NTCP models rely only on dose parameters to estimate complication probabilities [14] and this limits their predictive power [15].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Marks, L. B., Yorke, E. D., Jackson, A., Ten Haken, R. K., Constine, L. S., Eisbruch, A., Bentzen, S. M., Nam, J., & Deasy, J. O.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
- University of Rochester Medicine (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Marks, Lawrence B.
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-03
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- S10-S19
- ISSN
- 0360-3016 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4041542
- OpenAlex
- W2046701188
- Cited by
- 1,826
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 92 · 2025: 110 · 2024: 125 · 2023: 132 · 2022: 130 · 2021: 160 · 2020: 138 · 2019: 146 · 2018: 164 · 2017: 122 · 2016: 108 · 2015: 102 · 2014: 112 · 2013: 87 · 2012: 55
- FWCI
- 56.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Lance Armstrong Foundation
- Armstrong Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (CA69579, R29CA069579, R29CA085181, R01CA069579, R01CA129182, R01CA085181, CA85181)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Radiation › Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Radiation › Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Effects of Radiation Exposure
- Keywords
- normal tissue complication probability, QUANTEC, normal tissue tolerance, NTCP models
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Child, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Humans, Models, Biological, Organ Specificity, Radiation Injuries, Radiation Tolerance, Models, Statistical, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Radiation Oncology, Dose Fractionation, Radiation
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