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Diet, Metabolites, and “Western-Lifestyle” Inflammatory Diseases
Open accessAbstract
One explanation for the increased incidence of allergies, asthma, and even some autoimmune diseases has been the hygiene hypothesis. However, recent studies also highlight an important role for diet and bacterial metabolites in controlling various immune pathways, including gut and immune homeostasis, regulatory T cell biology, and inflammation. Dietary-related metabolites engage "metabolite-sensing" G-protein-coupled receptors, such as GPR43, GPR41, GPR109A, GPR120, and GPR35. These receptors are expressed on immune cells and some gut epithelial cells and generally mediate a direct anti-inflammatory effect. Insufficient intake of "healthy foodstuffs" adversely affects the production of bacterial metabolites. These metabolites and those derived directly from food drive beneficial downstream effects on immune pathways. We propose that insufficient exposure to dietary and bacterial metabolites might underlie the development of inflammatory disorders in Western countries. This review highlights what is currently known about diet, metabolites, and their associated immune pathways in relation to the development of inflammatory disease.
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“Accumulating experimental animal data indicate that gut microbial production of these short-chain fatty acids from dietary fiber can suppress the development of several inflammatory, autoimmune, and allergic disease (92).”
From Health Benefits of the Mediterranean Diet: Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [92]
In the citing paper
“Some of the beneficial effects of these microbiome-derived metabolites are thought to be mediated by the binding to specific G-protein–coupled receptors expressed on enteroendocrine and immune cells (92).”
From Health Benefits of the Mediterranean Diet: Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [92]
In the citing paper
“In contrast, multigenerational exposure to a Western diet poor in “microbiota-accessible carbohydrates” result in the extinction of specific bacterial lineages, which might negatively influence the maturation and function of the immune system, and increase the risk of developing a range of metabolic, inflammatory, allergic, and autoimmune diseases (92,94,98).”
From Health Benefits of the Mediterranean Diet: Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [92]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Thorburn, A. N., Macia, L., & Mackay, C. R.
- Affiliations
- Monash University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Mackay, Charles R.
- Venue
- Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-06
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 833-842
- ISSN
- 1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2008993230
- Cited by
- 879
- References
- 103
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 83 · 2021: 114 · 2020: 82 · 2019: 88 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 67 · 2016: 77 · 2015: 68 · 2014: 11
- FWCI
- 7.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Australian Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- diet, bacterial metabolites, Western lifestyle, inflammatory diseases, hygiene hypothesis, G protein-coupled receptors, GPR43, GPR41, GPR109A, GPR120, GPR35, gut immune homeostasis, regulatory T cells, anti-inflammatory signaling, dietary metabolites, allergy, asthma, autoimmune disease
- MeSH terms
- Autoimmune Diseases, Bacterial Proteins, Diet, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Inflammation, Life Style, Gastrointestinal Tract, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Metabolome, Microbiota
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