Cited by 1,443Psoriasis: Treatment and PathogenesisCytokine Signaling Pathways and InteractionsT-cell and B-cell Immunology

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 198 of the 198 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 215 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.

The IL-17 Family of Cytokines in Health and Disease

Open access

McGeachy, Mandy J., Cua, Daniel J., Gaffen, Sarah L.·2019·Immunity

DOI 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.021PMC PMC6474359

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Abstract

The interleukin 17 (IL-17) family of cytokines contains 6 structurally related cytokines, IL-17A through IL-17F. IL-17A, the prototypical member of this family, just passed the 25th anniversary of its discovery. While less is known about IL-17B-F, IL-17A (commonly known as IL-17) has received much attention for its pro-inflammatory role in autoimmune disease. Over the past decade, however, it has become clear that the functions of IL-17 are far more nuanced than simply turning on inflammation. Accumulating evidence indicates that IL-17 has important context- and tissue-dependent roles in maintaining health during response to injury, physiological stress and infection. Here, we discuss the functions of the IL-17 family, with a focus on the balance between the pathogenic and protective roles of IL-17 in cancer and autoimmune disease, including results of therapeutic blockade and novel aspects of IL-17 signal transduction regulation.

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

This review surveys the IL-17 cytokine family, focusing on IL-17A and its context-dependent roles in host defense, tissue repair, autoimmunity, and cancer. It argues that IL-17 is not simply pro-inflammatory but can be protective or pathogenic depending on tissue, microbial context, and signaling environment.

Key findings

IL-17A is the best-studied family member and is central to the IL-23–IL-17 axis, with therapeutic blockade showing strong efficacy in psoriasis: IL-17 and IL-23 inhibitors achieved complete PASI 100 responses in roughly 40–80% of patients.
Therapeutic results diverge by disease: IL-17 blockade is effective in psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, but has limited benefit in rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease, where some patients experienced exacerbations or increased inflammation markers.
IL-17 has protective roles at barrier surfaces and in injured tissues, including antifungal and antibacterial immunity, wound healing, and maintenance of intestinal epithelial tight junctions, while chronic or misplaced IL-17 responses drive tissue damage, bone erosion, fibrosis, and tumor-promoting inflammation.
In colorectal cancer, IL-17 signatures associate with worse outcomes, and IL-17 may promote angiogenesis and resistance to anti-VEGF therapy; only about 8% of colon cancer patients have mismatch-repair deficiency/MSI and respond to anti-PD1, whereas MSS patients show elevated IL-17 and are largely unresponsive.

Methods

Narrative review of the IL-17 family, with emphasis on IL-17A, synthesizing mechanistic, mouse-model, human genetic, and clinical trial literature.
No primary experimental data, sample, or systematic search strategy are reported; the analysis is a conceptual synthesis of published findings.
The review covers IL-17 structure and signaling, functions of IL-17B–F, IL-17A in barrier and non-barrier tissues, post-transcriptional regulation, and cancer pathogenesis.

Limitations

The paper states that understanding of IL-17 biology remains in its infancy, especially regarding synergistic signaling, cytokine tuning, and microbial influences.
It notes that IL-17B, IL-17C, and IL-17D are poorly studied, partly due to limited tools, and that orphan ligands and receptors remain in the family.
Evident from the text: as a narrative review, it does not provide a systematic evidence appraisal, and its strong focus on IL-17A limits detailed coverage of other family members.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.021

Cites

198 of 198 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

0 of 215 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“both the ligand and receptor were distinct in sequence from other known mammalian cytokines.”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gaffen, 2011 source
- Not checked yetcites Yao et al., 1995a
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“the IL-17 receptor family comprises a distinct subclass of receptors characterized by a shared cytoplasmic motif termed a “SEFIR”, which has a distant relationship with the TIR domain”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Novatchkova et al., 2003 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“IL-17 triggers activation of the canonical NF-κB cascade through IKK activation and IκBα degradation”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Schwandner et al., 2000 source
- Not checked yetcites Yao et al., 1995a
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“Act1 has E3 Ubiquitin ligase activity”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Liu et al., 2009 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“Keratinocyte proliferation is driven by a non-canonical IL-17-mediated TRAF4:ERK5 activation pathway to promote tumorigenesis”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wu et al., 2015b
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“There is evidence for physical and functional interactions with members of the FGFR and EGFR families as well”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chen et al., 2019 source
- Not checked yetcites Tsang et al., 2002 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“upon IL-17 signaling, Act1 rapidly recruits and ubiquitinates TNF-receptor associated factor (TRAF)6”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Qian et al., 2007 source
- Not checked yetcites Schwandner et al., 2000 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“These cytokines adopt an unusual cysteine-knot fold architecture, analogous to NGF and PDGF but not other immune cytokine subclasses”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hymowitz et al., 2001 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“IL-17-mediated signals in keratinocytes are overlapping yet distinct from those induced in fibroblasts or other mesenchymal cells”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ha et al., 2014
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“blocking MALT1 showed at least a partial inhibitory effect on IL-17 and TNFα combinatorial signaling in keratinocytes”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Israel et al., 2018 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“IL-17-NF-κB signaling induces several negative feedback circuits that restrain NF-κB activation, including deubiquitinating enzymes or related factors, including A20 (TNFAIP3), Abin-1 (TNIP1) and USP25”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cruz et al., 2017 source
- Not checked yetcites Garg et al., 2013 source
- Not checked yetcites Zhong et al., 2012 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Act1 is best understood as a nonredundant activator of IL-17RA-dependent signals”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chang et al., 2006 source
- Not checked yetcites Qian et al., 2007 source
- Not checked yetcites Qian et al., 2004 source
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“IL-25 was found in upper airway bronchial epithelial cells that have features of chemosensory epithelial cells, like the intestinal tuft cells”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Functions of IL-17 family members B through F
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kohanski et al., 2018 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“IL-17D-deficient mice suggest a role for IL-17D in NK cell-mediated tumor and viral surveillance”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Functions of IL-17 family members B through F
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Saddawi-Konefka et al., 2016 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Mouse models indicate that IL-17B signaling through IL-17RB promotes survival, proliferation and migration of cancer cells in mouse models”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Functions of IL-17 family members B through F
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bie et al., 2017b
- Not checked yetcites Laprevotte et al., 2017 source
- Not checked yetcites Wu et al., 2015a
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“IL-25 is produced constitutively by intestinal tuft cells, a population of epithelial chemosensory cells capable of detecting harmful environmental agents”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Functions of IL-17 family members B through F
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites von Moltke et al., 2016 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“IL-17A is implicated more strongly than IL-17F in driving autoimmunity”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Functions of IL-17 family members B through F
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ishigame et al., 2009 source
- Not checked yetcites Veldoen, 2017
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“Cutaneous sensory neurons promote IL-17 mediated skin inflammation during infection”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Functions of IL-17 family members B through F
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kashem et al., 2015 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“IL-25 was found to activate a population of lineage negative cells subsequently identified as ILC2”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Functions of IL-17 family members B through F
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Fort et al., 2001 source
- Not checked yetcites Hams et al., 2014
- Not checked yetcites Hams et al., 2013
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“IL-17D stimulation of endothelial cells induces classical pro-inflammatory cytokine responses including IL-6, IL-8 and GM-CSF”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Functions of IL-17 family members B through F
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Starnes et al., 2002 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“IL-25 uniquely induces expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and TSLP, all associated with type 2 immunity”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Functions of IL-17 family members B through F
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Fort et al., 2001 source
- Not checked yetcites Hurst et al., 2002 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“IL-17C can drive psoriatic inflammation in mouse models”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Functions of IL-17 family members B through F
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Johnston et al., 2013 source
- Not checked yetcites Ramirez-Carrozzi et al., 2011 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“IL-17B has been shown to perform an anti-inflammatory role by blocking IL-25 signaling during mucosal inflammation, by virtue of the shared IL-17RB receptor subunit”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Functions of IL-17 family members B through F
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Reynolds et al., 2015 source
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In humans, elevated IL-17B corresponded with poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic, lung and breast cancer”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Functions of IL-17 family members B through F
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Laprevotte et al., 2017 source
- Not checked yetcites Wu et al., 2015a
- Not checked yetcites Yang et al., 2018 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“IL-17C produced by keratinocytes and cutaneous neurons was recently shown to protect peripheral sensory neurons during Herpes simplex virus reactivation, promoting both survival and growth to replace damaged nerves”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Functions of IL-17 family members B through F
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Peng et al., 2017 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“IL-25 can also inhibit autoimmunity mediated by Th17 cells.”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Functions of IL-17 family members B through F
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kleinschek et al., 2007 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“Recent reports suggest a link between IL-25 and viral pathogen-associated asthma exacerbation”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Functions of IL-17 family members B through F
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Beale et al., 2014 source
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This microbiota-driven IL-17 acts on local epithelium to promote anti-microbial responses that are necessary and sufficient to maintain a homeostatic balance but without causing overt inflammation in the normal gut”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17A functions: Barrier surface protection and repair
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ivanov et al., 2009 source
- Not checked yetcites Kumar et al., 2016 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“genetic defects in the Th17 or IL-17 signaling pathway in humans or in mice lead to severe mucocutaneous Candida infections in humans, which points to the particular importance of IL-17 in immunity to fungi”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17A functions: Barrier surface protection and repair
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Conti and Gaffen, 2015
- Not checked yetcites Drummond and Lionakis, 2018
- Not checked yetcites Li et al., 2018
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Host protection from oral Candida albicans infection is exquisitely reliant on IL-17 signaling, shown in both mouse and human settings”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17A functions: Barrier surface protection and repair
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bär et al., 2012
- Not checked yetcites Conti et al., 2016 source
- Not checked yetcites Conti et al., 2009 source
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“Tc17 induced by skin commensals accelerated wound healing”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17A functions: Barrier surface protection and repair
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Linehan et al., 2018 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“Skin that has previously been inflamed in a psoriasis-like model shows more rapid wound closure that is partially dependent on RORγt+ T cells (and by inference IL-17)”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17A functions: Barrier surface protection and repair
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Naik et al., 2017 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“The most compelling demonstration of IL-17 as a causal driver of chronic inflammation in humans came from the dramatically successful clinical trials in psoriasis”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17A functions: Barrier surface protection and repair
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chiricozzi and Krueger, 2013
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“In chronic periodontal disease, in contrast, IL-17 drives bone destruction”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17A functions: Barrier surface protection and repair
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Eskan et al., 2012 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“At least part of these skin healing events are mediated through IL-17 induction of anti-microbial protein REG3A in keratinocytes to promote their proliferation following injury”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17A functions: Barrier surface protection and repair
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lai et al., 2012 source
- Not checked yetcites Chen et al., 2019 source
- Not checked yetcites Ha et al., 2014
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“commensal-induced IL-17 protects from other infectious agents that require IL-17 for clearance, such as Candida”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17A functions: Barrier surface protection and repair
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Naik et al., 2015 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“One hallmark function of IL-17 is induction of chemokines, including CXCL1, CXCL2 and CXCL8 (IL-8), that attract myeloid cells such as neutrophils, to the infected or injured tissue”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17A functions: Barrier surface protection and repair
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Onishi and Gaffen, 2010 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“colonization with commensal bacteria including Staphylococcus epidermidis induces skin-localized production of IL-17 by non-classical MHC Ib-activated Tc17 cells, without causing overt inflammation”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17A functions: Barrier surface protection and repair
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Linehan et al., 2018 source
- Not checked yetcites Naik et al., 2015 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“unlike PsA and AS, IL-17 blockade was not particularly effective in RA clinical trials, at least when compared to standard-of-care biologic therapy”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 functions in non-barrier stressed tissues
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Genovese et al., 2014 source
- Not checked yetcites Pavelka et al., 2015 source
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“biologics targeting IL-23 did not show benefit in AS”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 functions in non-barrier stressed tissues
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Baeten et al., 2018 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“Cognitive dysfunction induced by high salt diet is linked to increased intestinal IL-17 production leading to brain endothelial damage”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 functions in non-barrier stressed tissues
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Faraco et al., 2018 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“IL-17 also indirectly promotes the accumulation of Tregs expressing the IL-33 receptor (ST2) in adipose tissue, through increased numbers of IL-33-producing stromal cells”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 functions in non-barrier stressed tissues
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kohlgruber et al., 2018 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“Although IL-17 is increased in RA”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 functions in non-barrier stressed tissues
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lubberts, 2015 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“Act1 also interacts with the DDX3X RNA helicase to increase stability of client mRNA transcripts”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 induces RNA-binding proteins to tune signaling outcomes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Somma et al., 2015 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“HuR, in cooperation with Act1, promotes Cxcl1 stability in part by sterically displacing the destabilizing RBP ASF:SF2 on the 3’ UTR”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 induces RNA-binding proteins to tune signaling outcomes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Herjan et al., 2018 source
- Not checked yetcites Herjan et al., 2013 source
- Not checked yetcites Sun et al., 2011 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Indeed, elevated IL-17 signature genes can be found in multiple human malignancies including cervical cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and colorectal cancer (CRC)”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Roles of IL-17 in pathogenesis of cancer
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Le Gouvello et al., 2008 source
- Not checked yetcites Miyahara et al., 2008 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“Interestingly, Act1 itself also functions as an RBP in cooperation with HuR, binding IL-17-induced mRNA transcripts via its SEFIR domain”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 induces RNA-binding proteins to tune signaling outcomes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Herjan et al., 2018 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“One of the best-studied examples of synergy is with TNFα”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Balancing IL-17 effects in health and pathology at the level of signaling
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chiricozzi et al., 2011 source
- Not checked yetcites Ruddy et al., 2004 source
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Whereas beneficial IL-17 signaling is enhanced in Regnase-1-deficient mouse settings, as demonstrated by heightened resistance to fungal infection”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 induces RNA-binding proteins to tune signaling outcomes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Garg et al., 2015 source
- Not checked yetcites Monin et al., 2017 source
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“Nonetheless, the activities of IL-17 in vivo are striking, in part because IL-17 signals potently in cooperation with other cytokines or inflammatory effectors”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Balancing IL-17 effects in health and pathology at the level of signaling
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Miossec, 2003 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“One curious aspect of IL-17 biology is that this cytokine is consistently a modest activator of signaling in vitro, regardless of the cell system analyzed”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Balancing IL-17 effects in health and pathology at the level of signaling
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Fossiez et al., 1996 source
- Not checked yetcites Ruddy et al., 2004 source
- Not checked yetcites Shen et al., 2005 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Rather, IL-17 employs the RBPs HuR and Arid5a to prolong the half-life of certain target transcripts.”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 induces RNA-binding proteins to tune signaling outcomes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Amatya et al., 2018 source
- Not checked yetcites Herjan et al., 2013 source
- Not checked yetcites Puel and Casanova, 2018
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“A recent study demonstrated that IL-17 produced in response to ETBF colonization in the intestine of MinApc+/Δ716 mice promotes colon cancer initiation and progression”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Roles of IL-17 in pathogenesis of cancer
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Housseau et al., 2016 source
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“Tristretrapolin (TTP) is one of the best characterized RNA-stabilizing proteins in the immune system, but surprisingly does not participate in IL-17-mediated signaling”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 induces RNA-binding proteins to tune signaling outcomes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Datta et al., 2010 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Regnase-1 binds to IL-17- and LPS-induced gene transcripts via stem-loop structures in the 3’ UTR in a site overlapping with Arid5a, another IL-17-induced RBP”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 induces RNA-binding proteins to tune signaling outcomes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Amatya et al., 2018 source
- Not checked yetcites Masuda et al., 2013 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“consequently, bi-specific Abs are now in development for therapy”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Balancing IL-17 effects in health and pathology at the level of signaling
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Fleischmann et al., 2017 source
- Not checked yetcites Klunder et al., 2017 source
- Not checked yetcites Kontermann and Brinkmann, 2015
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“Helicobacter pylori–associated gastritis often paves the way for gastric cancer in an IL-17 dependent manner”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Roles of IL-17 in pathogenesis of cancer
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bagheri et al., 2015 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Post-transcriptional control of mRNA is central to IL-17 signaling since numerous canonical IL-17 target genes are encoded by intrinsically unstable transcripts, particularly chemokine and cytokine genes (e.g., Cxcl1, Cxcl5, Il6)”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 induces RNA-binding proteins to tune signaling outcomes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Amatya et al., 2017 source
- Not checked yetcites Hamilton et al., 2012 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“In humans, Regnase-1 expression is elevated in psoriatic lesions and other conditions of IL-17-driven inflammation”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 induces RNA-binding proteins to tune signaling outcomes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Monin et al., 2017 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“this is concomitant with exacerbated autoimmunity in models of EAE and imiquimod-psoriasis”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 induces RNA-binding proteins to tune signaling outcomes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Garg et al., 2015 source
- Not checked yetcites Monin et al., 2017 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Of interest, the MSS patient population shows elevated level of IL-17 and associated expression of stromal factors that improve tumor cell survival, proliferation, and angiogenesis including PGE1, PGE2, VEGF, and MIP-2”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Roles of IL-17 in pathogenesis of cancer
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Amicarella et al., 2017 source
- Not checked yetcites Chung et al., 2013 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“A recent case report (Esfahani and Miller, 2017) describes a male patient with metastatic colon cancer who experienced severe flare of previously mild psoriasis following treatment with pembrolizumab (Anti-PD1).”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Concluding remarks
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Esfahani and Miller, 2017 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedSingle case
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“suggesting that IL-17 may have anti-tumor effects”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Concluding remarks
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Esfahani and Miller, 2017 source
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedSingle case
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“Increased IL17A expression in CRC correlates with increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and enhanced tumor blood vessel density”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Roles of IL-17 in pathogenesis of cancer
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Liu et al., 2011b
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In addition, as discussed above, IL-17 promotes proliferation of skin epithelial cells to promote tumorigenesis”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Roles of IL-17 in pathogenesis of cancer
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chen et al., 2019 source
- Not checked yetcites Langowski et al., 2006 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“IL-17 is known to activate stromal cells to produce angiogenic and immune-suppressive molecules such as prokineticin2, matrix metalloproteinase 9 and proinflammatory S100A8 and S100A9 molecules (calprotectin), thereby mediating resistance to anti-VEGF treatment”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Roles of IL-17 in pathogenesis of cancer
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chung et al., 2013 source
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“There is increasing evidence that resistance to anti-VEGF therapies could be in part due to IL-17 promoting multiple pathways supporting wound healing related mechanisms”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Roles of IL-17 in pathogenesis of cancer
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chung et al., 2013 source
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes

Probably not a substantial claim. 7
It may state two separate claims as one. 64
The quote only partly states this claim. 1

None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“present in species as early as jawless fish as well as Mollusca and sea urchins”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Buckley et al., 2017 source
- Not checked yetcites Han et al., 2015 source
- Not checked yetcites Novatchkova et al., 2003 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“this cytokine was elevated in human inflammatory or autoimmune diseases and was expressed in a non-canonical T helper cell population”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Albanesi et al., 1999 source
- Not checked yetcites Antonysamy et al., 1999 source
- Not checked yetcites Infante-Duarte et al., 2000 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The so-called “IL-23-IL-17 axis” was found to function as a critical driver of autoimmune disease”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Duerr et al., 2006 source
- Not checked yetcites Harrington et al., 2005 source
- Not checked yetcites Langrish et al., 2005 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“IL-17 was subsequently shown to be produced by other cell populations, such as CD8+ (Tc17) cells as well as various subsets of innate lymphocytes”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cua and Tato, 2010
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The initial event in IL-17R signaling is recruitment of Act1 (aka CIKS), a multifunctional signaling protein that also contains a SEFIR domain necessary for IL-17R-Act1 association”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Liu et al., 2011a
- Not checked yetcites Qian et al., 2007 source
- Not checked yetcites Sonder et al., 2011
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“IκBζ is implicated in psoriasis both genetically and functionally”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Johansen et al., 2015 source
- Not checked yetcites Tsoi et al., 2015 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“showed unexpected sequence homology with an open reading frame in Herpesvirus saimiri, a T cell tropic γ-herpesvirus, but not with other known cytokine families”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gaffen, 2011 source
- Not checked yetcites Yao et al., 1995a
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“IL-17 also induces proliferative signaling in keratinocytes through Act1, a major facet of its impact in psoriasis and perhaps also explaining its involvement in skin tumorigenesis”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chiricozzi and Krueger, 2013
- Not checked yetcites Ha et al., 2014
- Not checked yetcites Langowski et al., 2006 source
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The Syk kinase was reported to bind to Act1 and TRAF6 and thus function upstream of NF-κB leading to expression of the chemokine CCL20”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wu et al., 2015c
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“TRAF6 also promotes activation of MAPK/AP1 pathways and the C/EBPβ and δ transcription factors”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chang et al., 2006 source
- Not checked yetcites Maitra et al., 2007 source
- Not checked yetcites Qian et al., 2007 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“IL-17B was originally found to increase during intestinal inflammation and to promote neutrophil migration upon intraperitoneal administration, suggesting a pro-inflammatory role”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Functions of IL-17 family members B through F
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bie et al., 2017a
- Not checked yetcites Shi et al., 2000 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“NF-κB subsequently upregulates expression of IκBζ and Bcl3, noncanonical members of the NF-κB family that in turn promote expression of various IL-17-NF-κB driven pro-inflammatory and anti-microbial genes”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Karlsen et al., 2010 source
- Not checked yetcites Ruddy et al., 2004 source
- Not checked yetcites Tohyama et al., 2018 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“IL-17 was suggested to regulate NF-κB and CCL20 through CARMA2, encoded by CARD14”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Tsoi et al., 2012 source
- Not checked yetcites Wang et al., 2018 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Mice lacking Act1 phenocopy Il17ra−/− mice, and rare humans with null mutations in ACT1 have identical phenotypes with respect to fungal susceptibility as those lacking IL17RA or IL17RC”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Conti and Gaffen, 2015
- Not checked yetcites Li et al., 2017
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“IL-17C promotes anti-microbial protective responses and barrier maintenance in skin and intestine”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Functions of IL-17 family members B through F
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ramirez-Carrozzi et al., 2011 source
- Not checked yetcites Song et al., 2011 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“IL-25 was also shown to be produced by a subset of thymic epithelial cells that has chemosensory functions, similar to the intestinal tuft cells”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Functions of IL-17 family members B through F
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bornstein et al., 2018 source
- Not checked yetcites Miller et al., 2018 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“IL-17F contributes to inflammatory responses and protection at barrier surfaces, as evidenced by heightened susceptibility to chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in humans with an autosomal dominant IL17F deficiency”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Functions of IL-17 family members B through F
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Puel et al., 2011b
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“It is expressed in a wide variety of healthy tissues, and has been found to increase in tumors and during viral infection”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Functions of IL-17 family members B through F
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Saddawi-Konefka et al., 2016 source
- Not checked yetcites Seelige et al., 2017 source
- Not checked yetcites Starnes et al., 2002 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Early studies showed that IL-25 gene expression was elevated following Aspergillus and Nippostrongylus infection in the lung and gut, and that IL-25 promoted epithelial cell hyperplasia, increased mucus secretion, and airway hyperreactivity”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Functions of IL-17 family members B through F
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Owyang et al., 2006 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“IL-17A, -AF and -F trigger qualitatively similar signaling pathways, however IL-17A homodimers induce a far more potent signal compared to IL-17F homodimers, with IL-17AF thought to be intermediate signaling strength”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Functions of IL-17 family members B through F
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chang and Dong, 2007
- Not checked yetcites Wright et al., 2007 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“IL-25 treatment elevated production of IL-13 and suppressed expression of IL-1, IL-6, and IL-23 by activated dendritic cells”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Functions of IL-17 family members B through F
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kleinschek et al., 2007 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“IL-17F and IL-17A are co-expressed on linked genes and are usually co-produced by Type 17 cells”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Functions of IL-17 family members B through F
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Akimzhanov et al., 2007 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“disease exacerbations observed in some patients treated with secukinumab (anti-IL-17) (Hueber et al., 2012), and increased serum C-reactive protein, an indicator of inflammation, in patients receiving brodalumab (anti-IL-17RA) (Targan et al., 2016).”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17A functions: Barrier surface protection and repair
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hueber et al., 2012 source
- Not checked yetcites Targan et al., 2016 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“IL-17 induces IL-6 and G-CSF, cytokines that promote myeloid-driven innate inflammation”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17A functions: Barrier surface protection and repair
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gaffen et al., 2014 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“IL-17 production is increased during inflammatory bowel disease (Kleinschek et al., 2009), yet healthy intestine also contains significant populations of IL-17-producing cells.”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17A functions: Barrier surface protection and repair
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kleinschek et al., 2009 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“mouse studies showed that colitis-associated epithelial injury and intestinal leakage can be exacerbated in absence of IL-17 signaling, and revealed that IL-17 serves a beneficial role in the intestinal epithelium by helping to maintain the epithelial tight-junction barrier during inflammation”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17A functions: Barrier surface protection and repair
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lee et al., 2015 source
- Not checked yetcites Maxwell et al., 2015 source
- Not checked yetcites Whibley and Gaffen, 2015
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“this pro-proliferative role likely contributes to the pathogenic effects of IL-17 in psoriasis, as well as potentially in skin cancer”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17A functions: Barrier surface protection and repair
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chen et al., 2019 source
- Not checked yetcites Lai et al., 2012 source
- Not checked yetcites Langowski et al., 2006 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the mechanical gum injury caused by chewing of hard foods increases gingival IL-17 levels, and increased IL-17 then contributes to periodontitis and bone erosion during aging”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17A functions: Barrier surface protection and repair
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Dutzan et al., 2017b
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“oral IL-17 production is required to prevent outgrowth of gingivitis-causing bacteria in acute infections (Yu et al., 2007) and thus protect against bacterial inflammation-induced bone loss.”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17A functions: Barrier surface protection and repair
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Yu et al., 2007
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“IL-17 promotes glomerulonephritis following immune complex deposition in the kidney, and is thus thought to contribute to lupus renal disease”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 functions in non-barrier stressed tissues
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pisitkun et al., 2012 source
- Not checked yetcites Ramani et al., 2014 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Increased systemic IL-17 during pregnancy leads to development of autism-like behaviors in pup offspring (Choi et al., 2016), which can also be regulated by maternal microbiota (Kim et al., 2017).”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 functions in non-barrier stressed tissues
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Choi et al., 2016 source
- Not checked yetcites Kim et al., 2017 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Th17 cells exacerbated depression-like symptoms in mice, and infiltrated the pre-frontal cortex and particularly hippocampus in depressed mice compared to controls”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 functions in non-barrier stressed tissues
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Beurel et al., 2013 source
- Not checked yetcites Beurel and Lowell, 2018 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Although joints are sterile tissues, dysregulated gut microbiota are found in autoimmune subjects, including those with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (Scher et al., 2013), and have been demonstrated to contribute to arthritis susceptibility in mice”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 functions in non-barrier stressed tissues
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Scher et al., 2013 source
- Not checked yetcites Maeda et al., 2016 source
- Not checked yetcites Wu et al., 2010
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Joints and barrier surfaces also have in common a relatively high exposure to mechanical stress during routine use, which may be analogous to oral tissues where mastication drives IL-17-induced damage”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 functions in non-barrier stressed tissues
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Dutzan et al., 2017a
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“IL-17 blockade was effective in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) (McInnes et al., 2014; Mease and McInnes, 2016) as well as ankylosing spondylitis (AS)”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 functions in non-barrier stressed tissues
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McInnes et al., 2014 source
- Not checked yetcites Mease and McInnes, 2016
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“IL-17 activates CNS-resident cells causing hyperexcitability of neurons (Siffrin et al., 2010), production of chemokines and cytokines by astrocytes and oligodendocytes and proliferation and ultimately death of oligodendrocyte precursors (Kang et al., 2013).”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 functions in non-barrier stressed tissues
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Siffrin et al., 2010 source
- Not checked yetcites Kang et al., 2013 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“IL-17 is protective when the kidney is injured by mechanical obstruction or systemic Candida albicans infection”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 functions in non-barrier stressed tissues
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ramani et al., 2016 source
- Not checked yetcites Ramani et al., 2018b
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“traumatic or ischemic brain injury patients frequently develop dysbiosis during hospitalization, which could alter immune responses in the inflamed brain”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 functions in non-barrier stressed tissues
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Simon et al., 2017 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Following kidney injury, IL-17 promotes production of bradykinin by activating the kallikrein-kinin system in tubular epithelial cells (Ramani et al., 2018a), resulting in production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that reduce fibrosis”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 functions in non-barrier stressed tissues
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ramani et al., 2018a
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In the healthy state, IL-17 directly influences the metabolic function of adipocytes, increasing expression of thermogenic enzymes and sensitivity to catecholamine”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 functions in non-barrier stressed tissues
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kohlgruber et al., 2018 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Mice deficient in IL-17 and fed regular chow gain increased fat mass with age, corresponding to a role for IL-17 in regulating glucose homeostasis and inhibiting adipogenesis”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 functions in non-barrier stressed tissues
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ahmed and Gaffen, 2013
- Not checked yetcites Goswami et al., 2009 source
- Not checked yetcites Zuniga et al., 2010 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Phase II trials of secukinumab were reported to be successful in MS, but larger trials have yet to be initiated”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 functions in non-barrier stressed tissues
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Patel and Kuchroo, 2015
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“proteins that control circadian rhythm in regulating IL-17 production by Th17 cells, including melatonin (Farez et al., 2015) and ERB-REV1a (Amir et al., 2018; Yu et al., 2013).”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 functions in non-barrier stressed tissues
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Farez et al., 2015 source
- Not checked yetcites Amir et al., 2018 source
- Not checked yetcites Yu et al., 2013
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Increased generation of IL-17-producing T cells during intestinal dysbiosis exacerbates central nervous system (CNS)-targeted autoimmune disease (Kumar et al., 2016) and impairs recovery following brain ischemia (stroke) (Benakis et al., 2016).”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 functions in non-barrier stressed tissues
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kumar et al., 2016 source
- Not checked yetcites Benakis et al., 2016 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“IL-17-deficient mice are susceptible to hypothermia, despite increased total body fat and accumulation of lipid droplets within adipocytes”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 functions in non-barrier stressed tissues
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kohlgruber et al., 2018 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“IL-17 promotes neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in rodent models of multiple sclerosis and stroke”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 functions in non-barrier stressed tissues
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gelderblom et al., 2012 source
- Not checked yetcites Shichita et al., 2009 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, Regnase-1 and Roquins are thought to target different transcripts by virtue of distinct subcellular localization: Regnase-1 targets actively-translating transcripts during acute inflammation by associating with polysomes, whereas Roquins tend to target translationally inactive mRNAs”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 induces RNA-binding proteins to tune signaling outcomes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mino et al., 2015 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In mice, segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) form direct physical contact with mouse intestinal epithelial cells and thereby promote intestinal IL-17 signature genes”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Roles of IL-17 in pathogenesis of cancer
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ivanov et al., 2009 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The IL-17-driven pathway that controls RNA stability is initiated by phosphorylation of Act1 by Ikki (IKKe), directing its association to TRAF2 and TRAF5. and mobilizing multiple RBPs”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 induces RNA-binding proteins to tune signaling outcomes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Amatya et al., 2018 source
- Not checked yetcites Bulek et al., 2011 source
- Not checked yetcites Datta et al., 2010 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Interestingly, Regnase-1 and Roquins regulate IL-17 production by regulating Th17 differentiation”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 induces RNA-binding proteins to tune signaling outcomes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Jeltsch et al., 2014 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“that degrades IL-17-induced mRNA transcripts, thus acting as a feedback inhibitor”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 induces RNA-binding proteins to tune signaling outcomes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Akira, 2013 source
- Not checked yetcites Fu and Blackshear, 2017
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For many tumor types, particularly at mucosal barriers, gene signatures of Th1 cells (IFNG, STAT1, TBX21) and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (PRF1, GZMB) are linked to better overall and relapse-free patient survival, whereas Th17 cell signatures (RORC, IL17, IL23, STAT3) correspond to worse patient outcomes”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Roles of IL-17 in pathogenesis of cancer
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Tosolini et al., 2011 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In addition to synergizing with strong NF-κB activators such as TNFα, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), IL-1β and lymphotoxin, IL-17 cooperates with IFNγ (activator of STAT1), IL-13 (STAT6), TGFβ (SMADs), fibroblast growth factor (FGF)2 (Ras:Raf) and a Candida albicans-derived pore-forming toxin from Candida albicans (c-Fos)”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Balancing IL-17 effects in health and pathology at the level of signaling
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Faour et al., 2003 source
- Not checked yetcites Miossec, 2003 source
- Not checked yetcites Ruddy et al., 2004 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Regnase-1 binds similar RNA sites to the RBPs Roquin-1 and Roquin-2, which also restrict IL-17 signaling by degrading target genes”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > IL-17 induces RNA-binding proteins to tune signaling outcomes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Jeltsch et al., 2014 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Anti-IL-17 was administered and cleared the psoriasis, but unfortunately the cancer progressed”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Concluding remarks
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Esfahani and Miller, 2017
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedSingle case
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Remarkably, many of these patients are highly responsive to checkpoint blockade treatment (Diaz and Le, 2015; Le et al., 2017; Le et al., 2015) where the tumor infiltrating CD8+ cytotoxic T cells can be reactivated by anti-PD1 antagonists to effectively eradicate tumors.”
§ The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease > Structure and signaling of IL-17 family cytokines and receptors > Roles of IL-17 in pathogenesis of cancer
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Diaz and Le, 2015 source
- Not checked yetcites Le et al., 2017
- Not checked yetcites Le et al., 2015
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.

67 of 67

The paper relies on this without support.
IL-17 is the signature cytokine of a distinct CD4+ T helper subset, Th17 cells, which express RORγt and are activated by IL-23.
“IL-17 is the signature cytokine of a distinct CD4+ T helper subset, T helper 17 (Th17) cells, which are characterized by expression of the “master” transcription factor RORγt and activated by the IL-12-family cytokine, IL-23.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Findings from mouse models of IL-17 biology are informative about human IL-17 biology and disease.
“Mouse models indicate that IL-17B signaling through IL-17RB promotes survival, proliferation and migration of cancer cells in mouse models”
The paper relies on this without support.
IL-17A is the most strongly implicated IL-17 family member in human health and disease, justifying the review's focus on it.
“this review will focus on IL-17A as it has been most strongly implicated in human health and disease.”

3 of 3

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

PD-1 Blockade in Tumors with Mismatch-Repair Deficiency
Le, D. T., Uram, J. N., Wang, H., Bartlett, B. R., Kemberling, H., Eyring, A. D., Skora, A. D., Luber, B. S., Azad, N. S., Laheru, D., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1500596 · Cited by 9,377
Mismatch repair deficiency predicts response of solid tumors to PD-1 blockade
Le, D. T., Durham, J. N., Smith, K. N., Wang, H., Bartlett, B. R., Aulakh, L. K., Lu, S., Kemberling, H., Wilt, C., Luber, B. S., et al. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aan6733 · Cited by 6,645
Gut microbiome influences efficacy of PD-1-based immunotherapy against epithelial tumors
Routy, B., Le Chatelier, E., Derosa, L., Duong, C. P. M., Alou, M. T., Daillère, R., Fluckiger, A., Messaoudene, M., Rauber, C., Roberti, M. P., et al. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aan3706 · Cited by 5,671
Gut microbiome modulates response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients
Gopalakrishnan, V., Spencer, C. N., Nezi, L., Reuben, A., Andrews, M. C., Karpinets, T. V., Prieto, P. A., Vicente, D., Hoffman, K., Wei, S. C., et al. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aan4236 · Cited by 4,812 · cited 2×
“Indeed, recent studies provided direct evidence that the microbiome community can influence responsiveness to checkpoint blockade therapy (Gopalakrishnan et al., 2018; Routy et al., 2018).”
Background
Interleukin 17-producing CD4+ effector T cells develop via a lineage distinct from the T helper type 1 and 2 lineages
Harrington, L. E., Hatton, R. D., Mangan, P. R., Turner, H., Murphy, T. L., Murphy, K. M., & Weaver, C. T. (2005) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1254 · Cited by 4,742
Induction of Intestinal Th17 Cells by Segmented Filamentous Bacteria
Ivanov, I. I., Atarashi, K., Manel, N., Brodie, E. L., Shima, T., Karaoz, U., Wei, D., Goldfarb, K. C., Santee, C. A., Lynch, S. V., et al. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.09.033 · Cited by 4,554
IL-23 drives a pathogenic T cell population that induces autoimmune inflammation
Langrish, C. L., Chen, Y., Blumenschein, W. M., Mattson, J., Basham, B., Sedgwick, J. D., McClanahan, T., Kastelein, R. A., & Cua, D. J. (2005) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20041257 · Cited by 4,099
Self-citation
A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies IL23R as an Inflammatory Bowel Disease Gene
Duerr, R. H., Taylor, K. D., Brant, S. R., Rioux, J. D., Silverberg, M. S., Daly, M. J., Steinhart, A. H., Abraham, C., Regueiro, M., Griffiths, A., et al. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1135245 · Cited by 3,039
Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Skin Inflammation in Mice Is Mediated via the IL-23/IL-17 Axis
van der Fits, L., Mourits, S., Voerman, J. S. A., Kant, M., Boon, L., Laman, J. D., Cornelissen, F., Mus, A.-M. C., Florencia, E. F., Prens, E. P., et al. (2009) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0802999 · Cited by 2,248
Expansion of intestinal Prevotella copri correlates with enhanced susceptibility to arthritis
Scher, J. U., Sczesnak, A., Longman, R. S., Segata, N., Ubeda, C., Bielski, C., Rostron, T., Cerundolo, V., Pamer, E. G., Abramson, S. B., et al. (2013) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.01202 · Cited by 2,047

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Show all 198 references

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Psoriasis
Griffiths, C. E. M., Armstrong, A. W., Gudjonsson, J. E., & Barker, J. N. W. N. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32549-6 · Cited by 2,586
SARS-CoV-2 infection: The role of cytokines in COVID-19 disease
Costela-Ruiz, V. J., Montes, R. I., Puerta, J. M., Ruíz, C., & Melguizo‐Rodríguez, L. (2020) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.06.001 · Cited by 1,132
T cell subsets and functions in atherosclerosis
Saigusa, R., Winkels, H., & Ley, K. (2020) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-020-0352-5 · Cited by 768
The cytokine network involved in the host immune response to periodontitis
Pan, W., Wang, Q., & Chen, Q. (2019) · International Journal of Oral Science · doi:10.1038/s41368-019-0064-z · Cited by 740
Therapeutics targeting the IL-23 and IL-17 pathway in psoriasis
Ghoreschi, K., Balato, A., Enerbäck, C., & Sabat, R. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00184-7 · Cited by 704

See all 1,443

Authors: McGeachy, M. J., Cua, D. J., & Gaffen, S. L.
Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh (US)
Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States) (US)
Corresponding author: McGeachy, Mandy J.
Cua, Daniel J.
Gaffen, Sarah L.
ORCID: McGeachy, Mandy J.
Gaffen, Sarah L.
Venue: Immunity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2019-04
Volume: 50
Issue: 4
Pages: 892-906
ISSN: 1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.021
PMC: PMC6474359
OpenAlex: W2939946042
Semantic Scholar: ac9595c105d61927109ca0a3aaf531e8f062ad1c
Cited by: 1,443
References: 198
Citations by year: 2026: 180 · 2025: 239 · 2024: 266 · 2023: 196 · 2022: 247 · 2021: 165 · 2020: 122 · 2019: 28
FWCI: 12.06
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 381 d)
Locations: Immunity (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: NIH (AI110822, DE0225500, AI107825)
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Keywords: IL-17 family, IL-17A, inflammatory cytokines, autoimmune disease, cancer, IL-17 inhibition, infection, injury response, physiological stress
MeSH terms: Animals, Autoimmune Diseases, Brain, Gene Expression Regulation, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer, Humans, Infections, Inflammation, Neoplasms, Stress, Physiological, Wounds and Injuries, Signal Transduction, Cytokines, RNA-Binding Proteins, Interleukin-17, Mice, Receptors, Interleukin-17, Molecular Targeted Therapy

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-07, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).

A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-07 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).

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The IL-17 Family of Cytokines in Health and Disease

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