Cited by 3,806Immune cells in cancerInflammatory mediators and NSAID effectsCancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers

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Inflammation and Cancer: Triggers, Mechanisms, and Consequences

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Greten, Florian R., Grivennikov, Sergei I.·2019·Immunity

DOI 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.06.025PMC PMC6831096

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Abstract

Inflammation predisposes to the development of cancer and promotes all stages of tumorigenesis. Cancer cells, as well as surrounding stromal and inflammatory cells, engage in well-orchestrated reciprocal interactions to form an inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME). Cells within the TME are highly plastic, continuously changing their phenotypic and functional characteristics. Here, we review the origins of inflammation in tumors, and the mechanisms whereby inflammation drives tumor initiation, growth, progression, and metastasis. We discuss how tumor-promoting inflammation closely resembles inflammatory processes typically found during development, immunity, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, or tissue repair and illuminate the distinctions between tissue-protective and pro-tumorigenic inflammation, including spatiotemporal considerations. Defining the cornerstone rules of engagement governing molecular and cellular mechanisms of tumor-promoting inflammation will be essential for further development of anti-cancer therapies.

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Authors: Greten, F. R., & Grivennikov, S. I.
Affiliations: Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
Fox Chase Cancer Center (US)
Corresponding author: Greten, Florian R.
Grivennikov, Sergei I.
ORCID: Greten, Florian R.
Grivennikov, Sergei I.
Venue: Immunity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2019-07
Volume: 51
Issue: 1
Pages: 27-41
ISSN: 1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.06.025
PMC: PMC6831096
OpenAlex: W2959497269
Cited by: 3,806
References: 178
Citations by year: 2026: 457 · 2025: 640 · 2024: 753 · 2023: 715 · 2022: 664 · 2021: 397 · 2020: 163 · 2019: 16
FWCI: 26.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 381 d)
Locations: Immunity (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (R01CA227629, CA218133)
Pew Scholar in Biomedical Sciences
US-Israel BSF
NIH (P30 CA-006927)
Georg-Speyer-Haus
LOEWE Center Frankfurt Cancer Institute (III L 5 - 519/03/03.001 - (0015), FOR2438: Gr1916/11-1, SFB 815, 1177, 1292)
German Federal Ministry of Health
Ministry of Higher Education, Research and the Arts of the State of Hessen
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
Keywords: tumor inflammation, tumor inflammatory microenvironment, carcinogenesis, tumor initiation, tumor progression, metastasis, tumor-stroma interactions, cellular plasticity, tissue homeostasis, tissue repair, cancer therapy
MeSH terms: Animals, Chronic Disease, Homeostasis, Humans, Infections, Inflammation, Neoplasms, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Wound Healing, Autoimmunity, Tumor Microenvironment, Carcinogenesis

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