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Inflammation and Cancer: Triggers, Mechanisms, and Consequences
Open accessAbstract
Inflammation predisposes to the development of cancer and promotes all stages of tumorigenesis. Cancer cells, as well as surrounding stromal and inflammatory cells, engage in well-orchestrated reciprocal interactions to form an inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME). Cells within the TME are highly plastic, continuously changing their phenotypic and functional characteristics. Here, we review the origins of inflammation in tumors, and the mechanisms whereby inflammation drives tumor initiation, growth, progression, and metastasis. We discuss how tumor-promoting inflammation closely resembles inflammatory processes typically found during development, immunity, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, or tissue repair and illuminate the distinctions between tissue-protective and pro-tumorigenic inflammation, including spatiotemporal considerations. Defining the cornerstone rules of engagement governing molecular and cellular mechanisms of tumor-promoting inflammation will be essential for further development of anti-cancer therapies.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Greten, F. R., & Grivennikov, S. I.
- Affiliations
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- Fox Chase Cancer Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Greten, Florian R.
- Grivennikov, Sergei I.
- Venue
- Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-07
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 27-41
- ISSN
- 1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6831096
- OpenAlex
- W2959497269
- Cited by
- 3,806
- References
- 178
- Citations by year
- 2026: 457 · 2025: 640 · 2024: 753 · 2023: 715 · 2022: 664 · 2021: 397 · 2020: 163 · 2019: 16
- FWCI
- 26.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01CA227629, CA218133)
- Pew Scholar in Biomedical Sciences
- US-Israel BSF
- NIH (P30 CA-006927)
- Georg-Speyer-Haus
- LOEWE Center Frankfurt Cancer Institute (III L 5 - 519/03/03.001 - (0015), FOR2438: Gr1916/11-1, SFB 815, 1177, 1292)
- German Federal Ministry of Health
- Ministry of Higher Education, Research and the Arts of the State of Hessen
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Keywords
- tumor inflammation, tumor inflammatory microenvironment, carcinogenesis, tumor initiation, tumor progression, metastasis, tumor-stroma interactions, cellular plasticity, tissue homeostasis, tissue repair, cancer therapy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Chronic Disease, Homeostasis, Humans, Infections, Inflammation, Neoplasms, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Wound Healing, Autoimmunity, Tumor Microenvironment, Carcinogenesis
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