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Exosome engineering: Current progress in cargo loading and targeted delivery
Open accessAbstract
Exosomes, a class of small bilayer vesicles derived from virtually all eukaryotic cells, have been exploited as a promising natural delivery platform due to their low toxicity, excellent structural stability, nanoscale size, cargo loading ability, and editable surface structure. To load therapeutic or diagnostic cargos (drugs, nucleic acids, proteins, peptides, and nanomaterials) into exosomes, multiple techniques have been developed, such as incubating cargos with exosomes or exosome-secreting cells, transfection, physical treatments (sonication, electroporation, extrusion, freeze-thaw, surfactant treatment, and dialysis), and in situ synthesis. Moreover, homing-molecules with high receptor binding affinity, acidic milieu responsiveness, or magnetic properties have been assembled on exosomal surface by transfection or chemical modification, conferring the targeting capacity to exosomes. In this review, we summarize the biogenesis, contents and functions of natural exosomes, and provide a comprehensive discussion for the strategies of exosomal cargo loading and membrane modification for targeted delivery.
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“Another standard method for direct engineering of EV surfaces includes the chemical modification of ligands onto the EV surface [226].”
From Extracellular vesicles as nanotheranostic platforms for targeted neurological disorder interventions (2024) · cites this paper as [226]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Fu, S., Wang, Y., Xia, X., & Zheng, J. C.
- Affiliations
- Tongji University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Xia, Xiaohuan
- Zheng, Jialin C.
- Venue
- NanoImpact
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-10
- Volume
- 20
- Pages
- 100261
- ISSN
- 2452-0748 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3092146157
- Cited by
- 444
- References
- 204
- Citations by year
- 2026: 47 · 2025: 94 · 2024: 93 · 2023: 91 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 16.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- NanoImpact (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- National Key Research and Development Program of China
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Keywords
- exosomes, exosome engineering, cargo loading, targeted delivery, exosome biogenesis, membrane modification, nucleic acid delivery, drug delivery, in situ synthesis, electroporation, sonication, freeze-thaw
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