Chenopodium quinoa—An Indian perspective
Abstract
Chenopodium quinoa Willd. is a pseudocereal that has been cultivated in the Andean region for thousands of years. It is an annual broad-leaved plant, 1-2 m tall with deep penetrating roots and can be cultivated from sea level upto an altitude of 3800 m. The plant shows tolerance to frost, salinity and drought, and has the ability to grow on marginal soils. Quinoa grain is highly nutritious due to its outstanding protein quality and wide range of minerals and vitamins. The grain protein is rich in amino acids like lysine and methionine that are deficient in cereals. The grain is used to make flour, soup, breakfast, cereal and alcohol, while the flour is utilized in making biscuits, bread and processed food. Quinoa starch having small grains and high viscosity, can be exploited for various industrial applications. The crop is self-pollinated with low outcrossing rates. Emasculation and hybridization are cumbersome due to small size of the flowers, but male sterility in some cultivars and gynomonoecious breeding system may help breeding research in this crop. Quinoa's ability to produce high-protein grains under ecologically extreme conditions makes it important for the diversification of future agricultural systems, especially in high-altitude area of the Himalayas and North Indian Plains.
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Quinoa contains a lot of protein, a balanced range of amino acids, high lysine (5.1-6.4%) and methionine (0.4-1.0%), vitamins (A, C, and E), and many minerals.
“It contains a lot of protein, a balanced range of amino acids, and a lot of lysine (5.1–6.4%), and methionine (0.4–1.0%) contains vitamins (A, C, and E) and many types of minerals [89,113].”
From Nutritional and Functional New Perspectives and Potential Health Benefits of Quinoa and Chia Seeds (2023) · cites this paper as [89]
The protein and oil levels observed in this study generally corroborate previous reports that these macronutrients vary within a range of 111-162 mg/g protein and 18-95 mg/g oil.
“With the exception of some quinoa sources that showed lower protein content than expected, the protein and oil levels observed in our study generally corroborate previous reports that these macronutrients vary within a range of 111 – 162 mg/g protein28 and 18 – 95 mg/g oil.6”
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- Authors
- Bhargava, A., Shukla, S., & Ohri, D.
- Affiliations
- National Botanical Research Institute (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Bhargava, Atul
- Venue
- Industrial Crops and Products
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-01
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 73-87
- ISSN
- 0926-6690 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2042524853
- Cited by
- 463
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 7.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Industrial Crops and Products (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Seed and Plant Biochemistry
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Agricultural Productivity and Crop Improvement
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
- Keywords
- quinoa, crop breeding, drought tolerance, salt tolerance, frost resistance, protein quality, amino acid composition, quinoa flour, quinoa starch, male sterility, gynomonoecy, Andean crops, Himalayan agriculture, North Indian plains, crop diversification
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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