Maternal affect and quality of parenting experiences are related to amygdala response to infant faces
Abstract
We examined how individual differences in mood and anxiety in the early postpartum period are related to brain response to infant stimuli during fMRI, with particular focus on regions implicated in both maternal behavior and mood/anxiety, that is, the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) and the amygdala. At approximately 3 months postpartum, 22 mothers completed an affect-rating task (ART) during fMRI, where their affective response to infant stimuli was explicitly probed. Mothers viewed/rated four infant face conditions: own positive (OP), own negative (ON), unfamiliar positive (UP), and unfamiliar negative (UN). Mood and anxiety were measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EDPS) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait Version (STAI-T); maternal factors related to parental stress and attachment were also assessed. Brain-imaging data underwent a random-effects analysis, and cluster-based statistical thresholding was applied to the following contrasts: OP-UP, ON-UN, OP-ON, and UP-UN. Our main finding was that poorer quality of maternal experience was significantly related to reduced amygdala response to OP compared to UP infant faces. Our results suggest that, in human mothers, infant-related amygdala function may be an important factor in maternal anxiety/mood, in quality of mothering, and in individual differences in the motivation to mother. We are very grateful to the staff at the Imaging Research Center of the Brain-Body Institute for their contr…
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In response to infant stimuli, infant cry and smiles activate the amygdala.
“In response to infant stimuli, infant cry and smiles activate the amygdala (Barrett et al., 2012; Seifritz et al., 2003; Swain et al., 2008), which has often been interpreted as a sign of emotional salience (Seifritz et al., 2003; Strathearn and Kim, 2013) or positive emotion associated with attachment (Leibenluft et al., 2004).”
From The maternal brain and its plasticity in humans (2016) · cites this paper as Barrett et al., 2012
In mothers, increased amygdala activation to infant stimuli can be associated with more positive responses to one's own infant, whereas in typical adults it is interpreted as a more negative response.
“Thus, while increased activation of the amygdala to infant stimuli is interpreted as a more negative response to infants among typical adults (Riem et al., 2011), in mothers, it can be associated with more positive responses to one’s own infant (Barrett et al., 2012).”
From The maternal brain and its plasticity in humans (2016) · cites this paper as Barrett et al., 2012
Current levels of parenting-related stress in human mothers were associated with individual differences in neural responses to infants.
“For example, current levels of parenting-related stress in human mothers were associated with individual differences in neural responses to infants (Barrett et al., 2012).”
From The maternal brain and its plasticity in humans (2016) · cites this paper as Barrett et al., 2012
Lower levels of parental distress and more positive attachment-related feelings about their own infants were associated with increased responses in the amygdala to their own infants' versus unrelated infants' positive images.
“Lower levels of parental distress and more positive attachment-related feelings about their own infants were associated with increased responses in the amygdala to their own infants’ versus unrelated infants’ positive images (e.g. smiling).”
From The maternal brain and its plasticity in humans (2016) · cites this paper as Barrett et al., 2012
In a comparison of own-positive vs unfamiliar-positive infant images, left amygdala response was reduced as a function of poorer concurrent maternal experience (depression, anxiety, parental distress, attachment-related feelings about the infant) (Barrett et al., 2012).
“In a comparison of own-positive vs. unfamiliar-positive infant images, left amygdala response was reduced as a function of poorer concurrent maternal experience (measured by depression, anxiety, parental distress and attachment-related feelings about the infant) (Barrett et al., 2012).”
From Approaching the biology of human parental attachment: Brain imaging, oxytocin and coordinated assessments of mothers and fathers (2014) · cites this paper as Barrett et al., 2012
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- Authors
- Barrett, J., Wonch, K. E., Gonzalez, A., Ali, N., Steiner, M., Hall, G. B., & Fleming, A. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- McMaster University
- McGill University (CA)
- McMaster University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Fleming, Alison S.
- Venue
- Social Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2011-09-26
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 252-268
- ISSN
- 1747-0919 (ISSN-L)
- 1747-0927
- OpenAlex
- W2155403121
- Cited by
- 177
- References
- 102
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 5.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Social Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Keywords
- maternal affect, postpartum mood, postpartum anxiety, infant faces, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, maternal motivation, attachment, parental stress, individual differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Amygdala, Analysis of Variance, Face, Female, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Individuality, Infant, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Maternal Behavior, Mother-Child Relations, Oxygen, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Surveys and Questionnaires, Parenting, Recognition, Psychology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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