Counterfactuals and causability in explainable artificial intelligence: Theory, algorithms, and applications
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Exposing a diagnostic system to contradictory examples where the same symptoms can indicate different diseases can help it evaluate multiple possibilities and make a more accurate diagnosis.
“Additionally, by exposing the system to contradictory examples where the same symptoms can indicate different diseases, the system can learn to evaluate multiple possibilities and make a more accurate diagnosis [91].”
From Interpreting Black-Box Models: A Review on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (2024) · cites this paper as [91]
Section 7 (p. 39) discusses counterfactual explanations in medical decision support, and Section 8.1 (p. 42) discusses questions a clinician might ask about a patient's fever. Neither says that exposing a diagnostic system to examples in which the same symptoms indicate different diseases helps it consider alternatives or improve diagnostic accuracy. Searches for contradictory symptom examples and diagnostic accuracy found no passage addressing that claim. (LLM, conf=0.73)
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Counterfactual explanations for remaining useful life estimation within a Bayesian framework
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Pseudo-Haptics Survey: Human-Computer Interaction in Extended Reality and Teleoperation
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Self-citationThrough the looking glass: evaluating post hoc explanations using transparent models
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Natural Code of Subjective Experience
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A Survey of Decision-Making Safety Assessment Methods for Autonomous Vehicles
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Benchmarking Instance-Centric Counterfactual Algorithms for XAI: From White Box to Black Box
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Self-citationEnhancing trust in automated 3D point cloud data interpretation through explainable counterfactuals
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Explainable AI for Predictive Analytics on Employee Attrition
Das, S. K., Chakraborty, S., Sajjan, G., Majumder, S., Dey, N., & Tavares, J. M. R. S. (2023) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-27609-5_12 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
SCGAN: Sparse CounterGAN for Counterfactual Explanations in Breast Cancer Prediction
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Self-citationAlgorithmic decision-making: The right to explanation and the significance of stakes
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Amortized Generation of Sequential Algorithmic Recourses for Black-Box Models
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Liability Regimes in the Age of AI: a Use-Case Driven Analysis of the Burden of Proof
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Causality and scientific explanation of artificial intelligence systems in biomedicine
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A novel XAI framework for explainable AI-ECG using generative counterfactual XAI (GCX)
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DALL-M: Context-aware clinical data augmentation with large language models
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Enabling Explainable AI in Cybersecurity Solutions
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Causality-Aware Convolutional Neural Networks for Advanced Image Classification and Generation
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In humble defense of unexplainable black box prediction models in healthcare
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Navigating the landscape of concept-supported XAI: Challenges, innovations, and future directions
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Explaining and visualizing black-box models through counterfactual paths
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Explainable AI as evidence of fair decisions
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- Authors
- Chou, Y.-L., Moreira, C., Bruza, P., Ouyang, C., & Jorge, J.
- Affiliations
- Queensland University of Technology (AU)
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investigação e Desenvolvimento (PT)
- Corresponding author
- Moreira, Catarina
- Venue
- Information Fusion
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-05
- Volume
- 81
- Pages
- 59-83
- ISSN
- 1566-2535 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3214404698
- Cited by
- 302
- References
- 163
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 75 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 7
- FWCI
- 14.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Information Fusion (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- OPUS - Open Publications of UTS Scholars (University of Technology Sydney) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (cc-by)
- Funders
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (UIDB/50021/2020)
- Queensland University of Technology
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Software › Software Testing and Debugging Techniques
- Keywords
- counterfactual explanations, causality, explainable AI, model-agnostic explainability, deep learning interpretability, spurious correlations
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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