The DOI matches its Crossref record; 105 of the 110 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 2 of the 29 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development and Validation
Open accessAbstract
In the last three decades, an influential research stream has emerged which highlights the dynamics of focal consumer/brand relationships. Specifically, more recently the ‘consumer brand engagement’ (CBE) concept has been postulated to more comprehensively reflect the nature of consumers’ particular interactive brand relationships, relative to traditional concepts, including ‘involvement.’ However, despite the growing scholarly interest regarding the undertaking of marketing research addressing ‘engagement,’ studies have been predominantly exploratory in nature, thus generating a lack of empirical research in this area to date. By developing and validating a CBE scale in specific social media settings, we address this identified literature gap. Specifically, we conceptualize CBE as a consumer's positively valenced brand-related cognitive, emotional and behavioral activity during or related to focal consumer/brand interactions. We derive three CBE dimensions, including cognitive processing, affection, and activation. Within three different social media contexts, we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale, which we proceed to validate within a nomological net of conceptual relationships and a rival model. The findings suggest that while consumer brand ‘involvement’ acts as a CBE antecedent, consumer ‘self-brand connection’ and ‘brand usage intent’ represent key CBE consequences, thus providing a platform for further research…
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49 Own result · 21 Own interpretation · 9 No full text of the sources · 8 Sources not found · 8 Own method · 7 No basis given · 2 Couldn’t confirm · 1 Not checked yet · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“the qualitative study shows consumer conceptions of CBE are aligned with key findings addressing the 'engagement' concept in prior research (Brodie et al. 2011;Leeflang 2011).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites Leeflang 2011 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The available Abstract describes the formalization of marketing and future developments, while the metadata lists customer engagement only as a keyword. Searches for consumer conceptions of CBE, qualitative findings, and the engagement concept found no passage addressing whether those conceptions align with prior research. (LLM, conf=0.71)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In an additional EFA including only the 10 retained CBE items, the scree plot and the eigen values exceeding 1.0 concurred in suggesting the suitability of a threefactor solution for CBE, which explained 69.63% of the total variance.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For these brands, the respondents exhibited a substantially lower willingness to exert cognitive, emotional or behavioral activity in their brand interactions”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“we observed the scree in the scree plot at three factors; thus corresponding to our hypothesized three-factor model of CBE.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cattell 1966 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The attained Cronbach alphas for the scale were: (i) Cognitive processing: .825;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fit statistics for the re-estimated model were as follows: χ 2 (53) = 464.9(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 8.72, GFI = .865;CFI = .922;RMSEA = .118;and SRMR = .048;thus indicating a worse fit, relative to the three-factor model.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the audio recorded findings suggested that consumers predominantly equated their 'engagement' with their selected brands to specific brand interactions.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“while consumer brand 'involvement' acts as a CBE antecedent”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the results indicated that for perceived 'highly engaging' brands consumers, typically, appeared willing to exert considerable cognitive, emotional and behavioral activity in their brand interactions”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We derive three CBE dimensions, including cognitive processing, affection, and activation.”
- Also stated in: § CBE Conceptual Development · plain
“we propose three CBE dimensions, which correspond to the generic cognitive, emotional and behavioral nature of 'engagement.'”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § CBE Conceptual Development · plain
- Probably not a substantial claim. 11
- It may state two separate claims as one. 14
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“As such, this research responds directly to the Marketing Science Institute's (MSI 2010), Leeflang's (2011), and Brodie et al.'s (2011) call for the undertaking of 'engagement'-based scale development research.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites MSI 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites Leeflang (2011) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The indexed Abstract describes a broad agenda for developing marketing research, and the keywords include customer engagement. Searches for engagement-based scale development and customer-engagement measures returned no passage in our copy calling for that research; the retrieved text does not establish the specific attribution to Leeflang. (LLM, conf=0.72)
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. (2011)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“resulting in a three-factor, 10-item CBE scale for further analysis.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plainn = 200- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The item screening generated a reduced pool of 39 CBE items.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we retained 12 items for the 'cognitive processing,' 15 items for the 'affection,' and 12 items for the 'activation' dimensions of CBE for further analysis.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reliability (internal consistency) analyses using Cronbach's alpha indicated the scale had good reliability: (i) Cognitive processing: .753;(ii) Affection: .839;(iii) Activation: .776;and (iv) Overall 10-item CBE scale: .823.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The attained Cronbach alphas for the scale were: (i) Cognitive processing: .825;(ii) Affection: .907; (iii) Activation: .894;and (iv) Overall CBE scale: .933.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The results in Figure 1 suggested excellent model fit (Iacobucci 2010: p. 91): χ 2 (32) = 97.994(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 3.06.Further, GFI = .968;CFI = .984;RMSEA = .061;and SRMR = .0278;thus corroborating the excellent model fit to the data”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The regression weights (βs) for each of the items onto their intended factor were significant (e.g.AFFECTION → AFFEC.1: .895);and all standardized coefficients .50;suggesting that each of the items should remain in the model”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
What the sources say
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, while we found consumers' brand-related 'affection' (.426) and 'activation' (.402) in specific consumer/brand interactions to exert a similar significant effect on individuals' ensuing 'brand usage intent,' consumers' level of 'cognitive processing' (.045) failed to produce a significant effect.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Hypothesis Testing Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“which indicated that discriminant validity was attained for 14 of the 15 possible construct pairs; that is, with the exception of COG.PROC.-AFFEC.(Table 5).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Fornell and Larcker 1981a/b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Each of the squared multiple correlations exceeded .50;also indicating good item reliability.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression coefficients indicated that each of the items made a significant contribution to the measurement of its intended construct, thus contributing to the model's convergent validity.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fit statistics for the calibration sample are: χ 2 (243) = 653.561(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 2.69, GFI = .824;CFI = .932;RMSEA = .078;and SRMR = .0616;the validation sample: χ 2 (243) = 666.7 (p=0.000);χ 2 /df = 2.77, GFI = .817;CFI = .938;RMSEA = .079;and SRMR = .0516.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 5 about here
plainn = 278- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Highly similar results were attained across both sub-samples (Table 6), which also exhibited significant resemblance to the results for the full sample (Alwin and Jackson 1981).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 5 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Alwin and Jackson 1981
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedn = 278- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Fourth, 'engagement' plays a central role in a nomological net of focal conceptual relationships (Brodie et al. 2011)”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Table 1 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As such, study 3 confirmed the CBE scale representing a valid, reliable and stable measurement instrument.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“more recently the 'consumer brand engagement' (CBE) concept has been postulated to more comprehensively reflect the nature of consumers' particular interactive brand relationships, relative to traditional concepts, including 'involvement.'”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“'engagement' reflects a motivational state (Van Doorn et al. 2010), which occurs by virtue of an individual's (i.e. the 'engagement subject') focal interactive experiences with a particular object or agent”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Table 1 about here
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Van Doorn et al. 2010 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“studies have been predominantly exploratory in nature; thus generating a lack of empirical research in this area to date.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and as such, may be useful for scholars and managers seeking to predict specific consumer behavior outcomes;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additionally, this paper contributes insights regarding the potential role of CBE in the advancement of the broader theoretical perspectives of relationship marketing, S-D logic and consumer culture theory, which are centered upon the importance of establishing and maintaining value-laden, interactive and co-creative consumer/brand interactions and relationships.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As a result, consumers' CBE levels with a focal brand may fluctuate: (i) During (i.e.within) a particular brand interaction; and (ii) Across brand interactions over time.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Contributions, Limitations & Implications Academic Implications
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, we expect managerial cultivation of CBE to generate enhanced consumer brand retention and loyalty outcomes.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Managerial Implications
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Represents a promising, under-explored concept to date;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“thus indicating that not only does CBE have a positive effect on consumer 'self-brand connection,' but CBE explains most of the variance observed for this construct.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Hypothesis Testing Results
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The selected social media brands (Facebook.com, Twitter.com, LinkedIn.com) are representative of social media contexts for studying CBE.
“Within three different social media contexts, we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale”
“we selected the brand Facebook.comfor investigation”
“we selected the social media brand Twitter.com for investigation”
The paper relies on this without support.
The causal direction is from consumer brand involvement through CBE to self-brand connection and brand usage intent, not the reverse.
“we identified a mediating effect of CBE in the association between consumer brand 'involvement' and 'brand usage intent.'”
The paper relies on this without support.
The nomological net includes all relevant mediating variables.
“which implies there are no omitted mediating variables, and the mediating hypotheses are supported.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Study 2: CBE Measurement Assessment & Scale Dimensionality
“We selected a social media setting in studies 1-3”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Study 1: Consumer Conceptions of 'Consumer Brand Engagement' (CBE)
“We instructed the participants to select a brand in any category that is 'highly engaging' to them”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“| Activation | .72 | .67 | .75 | .69 | .46 | .49 | | Self-Brand | .84 | .74 | .86 | .86 | .75 | .45 |”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
Reported 0.46 · recomputed 0.7396
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“| Affection | .84 | .85 | .76 | .57 | .74 | .46 | | Activation | .72 | .67 | .75 | .69 | .46 | .49 | | Self-Brand | .84 | .74 | .86 | .86 | .75 | .45 | | Connection | | | | | | | | Brand Usage | .67 | .64 | .74 | .70 | .67 | .76 |”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
Reported 0.46 · recomputed 0.5476
Citations
Cites
Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151312 · Cited by 109,314
Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224378101800104 · Cited by 109,190
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 3,233
Engaging consumers via online brand communities to achieve brand love and positive recommendations
Paruthi, M., Kaur, H., Islam, J. U., Rasool, A., & Thomas, G. (2022) · Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC · doi:10.1108/sjme-07-2022-0160 · Cited by 52
Popp, B., Wilson, B. J., Horbel, C., & Woratschek, H. (2015) · Journal of Strategic Marketing · doi:10.1080/0965254x.2015.1095226 · Cited by 53
“One of the concepts that has received attention in describing and explaining consumers’ role in the creation of consumer-brand relationships is ‘consumer brand engagement’ (Brodie, Hollebeek, Juric, & Ilic, 2011; Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
Dimensionality and Consequences of Customer Engagement: A Social Exchange Perspective
Rather, R. A., & Sharma, J. (2019) · Vision The Journal of Business Perspective · doi:10.1177/0972262919850923 · Cited by 54
“The proposed CE dimensions towards tourism contexts (So et al., 2014), and Dwivedi’s (2015) CE conceptualization can be delineate, mostly, onto the CE provided by Hollebeek et al. (2014).”
BackgroundMatute, J., Palau‐Saumell, R., & Occhiocupo, N. (2019) · Journal of Product & Brand Management · doi:10.1108/jpbm-04-2019-2329 · Cited by 52
Liu, J., & Jo, W. (2020) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.02.002 · Cited by 52
Fernandes, T., & Inverneiro, I. (2020) · Journal of Product & Brand Management · doi:10.1108/jpbm-02-2019-2262 · Cited by 69
New directions for service research: refreshing the process of theorizing to increase contribution
Brodie, R. J., & Peters, L. D. (2020) · Journal of Services Marketing · doi:10.1108/jsm-01-2019-0048 · Cited by 57
Self-citationFarhat, K., Mokhtar, S. S. M., & Salleh, S. (2020) · Journal of Marketing for HIGHER EDUCATION · doi:10.1080/08841241.2020.1759753 · Cited by 59
“In contrast, a growing definition of customer-brand engagement corresponds to all; cognitive, emotional and behavioral aspects of engagement (Dwivedi, 2015; Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialCustomer experience with the branded content: a social media perspective
Waqas, M., Hamzah, Z. L., & Salleh, N. A. M. (2021) · Online Information Review · doi:10.1108/oir-10-2019-0333 · Cited by 52
Branded Content Experience in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development, and Validation
Waqas, M., Salleh, N. A. M., & Hamzah, Z. L. (2021) · Journal of Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.intmar.2021.07.001 · Cited by 59
“In the next phase, we assessed the items for their content validity with six academic experts with a record of publication in the field of customer experience (Brakus et al., 2009; Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLevy, S. (2022) · International Journal of Bank Marketing · doi:10.1108/ijbm-08-2021-0383 · Cited by 66
Value co-creation through branded apps: enhancing perceived quality and brand loyalty
Tran, T., Taylor, D. G., & Wen, C. (2022) · Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1108/jrim-04-2022-0128 · Cited by 51
Information multidimensionality in online customer reviews
Wang, F., Du, Z., & Wang, S. (2023) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113727 · Cited by 60
Kim, H., & Chakraborty, S. (2023) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-09-2022-0727 · Cited by 32
Liu, Q., Ma, N., & Zhang, X. (2024) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.104107 · Cited by 58
Don’t You Dare Push Me: How Persuasive Social Media Tactics Shape Customer Engagement
Weiger, W. H., Hammerschmidt, M., & Wetzel, H. A. (2018) · Journal of the Association for Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/698713 · Cited by 55
“To provide generalizability of our findings across different engagement measures, in study 2 we rely on a broader mea- sure of customer engagement developed by Hollebeek et al. (2014) and validated by Harrigan et al. (2017).”
MethodVillamediana-Pedrosa, J. D., López, N. V., & Boluda, I. K. (2018) · Current Issues in Tourism · doi:10.1080/13683500.2018.1554625 · Cited by 51
“However, from a speci fi c point of view, engagement ’ s dimensions depend on the object or context where it is measured (brand, brand community, advertising, social network, social networks, website) (Hollebeek et al., 2014; Kuvykait ė & Tarut ė , 2015).”
BackgroundFootball clubs’ social media use and user engagement
Aichner, T. (2019) · Marketing Intelligence & Planning · doi:10.1108/mip-05-2018-0155 · Cited by 58
Huang, X., Wei, Z., & Leung, X. Y. (2020) · Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1080/10941665.2019.1711141 · Cited by 52
“According to Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie (2014), consumer engagement is conceptualized as the consumer ’ s positive cognitive, emotional, and behavioral activity during or related to focal and object interactions.”
BackgroundFox, A. K., & Stafford, M. R. (2020) · Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising · doi:10.1080/10641734.2020.1763521 · Cited by 49
“Consumers’ ability to find information on demand has given them considerable power unavailable with mass marketing, likely encouraging them to feel more connected with brands (Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014).”
BackgroundHow Does Retail Engage Consumers in Sustainable Consumption? A Systematic Literature Review
Bălan, C. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13010096 · Cited by 52
How being envied shapes tourists’ relationships with luxury brands: A dual-mediation model
Feng, W., Yu, I. Y., Yang, M. X., & Yi, M. (2021) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104344 · Cited by 50
Promoting Customer Engagement Behavior for Green Brands
Leckie, C., Rayne, D., & Johnson, L. W. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13158404 · Cited by 50
“[48] have concluded that CE can be broadly conceptualized as either a psychological state [49] and behavioral manifestation [50] or both [51].”
BackgroundCustomer engagement in domestic wine tourism: The role of motivations
Gaetjens, A., Corsi, A. M., & Plewa, C. (2023) · Journal of Destination Marketing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2022.100761 · Cited by 58
Maru, C., & Vijay, T. S. (2024) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/ijcs.13017 · Cited by 67
Sounds of music: exploring consumers’ musical engagement
Hollebeek, L. D., Malthouse, E. C., & Block, M. P. (2016) · Journal of Consumer Marketing · doi:10.1108/jcm-02-2016-1730 · Cited by 49
Self-citationŠerić, M., & Praničević, D. G. (2017) · Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management · doi:10.1080/19368623.2017.1340219 · Cited by 54
“Similarly, Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie (2014) considered consumer brand engagement in social media in terms of cognitive processing, affection, and activation.”
BackgroundEpilogue – service innovation actor engagement: an integrative model
Hollebeek, L. D., Andreassen, T. W., Smith, D. L., Grönquist, D. N., Karahasanović, A., & Márquez, Á. (2018) · Journal of Services Marketing · doi:10.1108/jsm-11-2017-0390 · Cited by 54
“…be cognitive (i.e. thought-based), emotional (i.e. feeling-based), behavioral (i.e. activity-based), and/or social (e.g. altruistic) in nature (Baldus et al., 2015; Hollebeek et al., 2014, 2016a; Brodie et al., 2013; Brodie and Hollebeek, 2011; Hollebeek, 2011a/b, 2013; Viswanathan et al., 2017).”
Self-citationApplications of social media for medical tourism marketing: an empirical analysis
John, S. P., Larke, R., & Kilgour, M. (2018) · Anatolia · doi:10.1080/13032917.2018.1473261 · Cited by 41
Improving consumers’ willingness to pay using social media activities
Torres, P., Augusto, M., & Wallace, E. (2018) · Journal of Services Marketing · doi:10.1108/jsm-07-2017-0257 · Cited by 51
Youn, S., & Dodoo, N. A. (2021) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.1941 · Cited by 59
Kabadayı, E. T., Aksoy, N. C., & Turkay, P. B. (2022) · Service Industries Journal · doi:10.1080/02642069.2022.2075350 · Cited by 55
“While researchers approach engagement from different perspectives, including behavioural and psychological frames (e.g. Brodie et al., 2011; Hollebeek et al., 2014; Van Doorn et al., 2010; Vivek et al., 2014), all conceptualisations hold that customers provide value for a firm not only through…”
BackgroundTorkzadeh, S., Zolfagharian, M., Yazdanparast, A., & Gremler, D. D. (2022) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/ejm-03-2021-0213 · Cited by 63
Rosado-Pinto, F., Loureiro, S. M. C., & Bilro, R. G. (2020) · Journal of Promotion Management · doi:10.1080/10496491.2020.1719955 · Cited by 52
“Concerning affection, it refers to a consumer’s degree of positive brand-related affect in a particular consumer/brand interaction (Hollebeek et al., 2014), and can be understood as the level of the positive affective sentiment of consumers toward a specific brand while reviewing.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialThe role of customer engagement in travel services
Parihar, P., & Dawra, J. (2020) · Journal of Product & Brand Management · doi:10.1108/jpbm-11-2018-2097 · Cited by 57
Engaging consumers through firm-generated content on Instagram
Ballester, E., Ruiz, C., & Rubio, N. (2021) · Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC · doi:10.1108/sjme-11-2020-0189 · Cited by 59
Riskos, K., Hatzithomas, L., Dekoulou, P., & Tsourvakas, G. (2021) · Journal of Media Business Studies · doi:10.1080/16522354.2021.1887439 · Cited by 55
“Consumer brand engagement is defined as “a consumer’s positively valenced brandrelated cognitive, emotional, and behavioral activity during or related to focal consumer/ brand interactions” (Hollebeek et al., 2014, p. 154).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialNot just food: Exploring the influence of food blog engagement on intention to taste and to visit
Mainolfi, G., Marino, V., & Resciniti, R. (2021) · British Food Journal · doi:10.1108/bfj-04-2021-0400 · Cited by 61
Transformation of Metrics and Analytics in Retailing: The Way Forward
Kumar, V., & Venkatesan, R. (2021) · Journal of Retailing · doi:10.1016/j.jretai.2021.11.004 · Cited by 62
Ma, G., Ma, J., Li, H., et al. (2022) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112960 · Cited by 48
Yoo, J. J. (2023) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103517 · Cited by 50
Hoang, H., & Tan, T. L. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19719 · Cited by 62
“Considering that cognition, affection, and activation are key dimensions of customer engagement ([50], we propose that the attributes of FDAs will impact the cusomer belief (Ease-of-use, Perceived-of-value) and customer feeling (Satisfaction, Continued intention to use) as an organism state with the FDAs.”
BackgroundContinued value creation in crowdsourcing from creative process engagement
Piyathasanan, B., Mathies, C., Patterson, P. G., & de Ruyter, K. (2017) · Journal of Services Marketing · doi:10.1108/jsm-02-2017-0044 · Cited by 48
Keyzer, F. D., Dens, N., & Pelsmacker, P. D. (2017) · Online Information Review · doi:10.1108/oir-08-2016-0219 · Cited by 53
Flaherty, S. J., McCarthy, M. B., Collins, A., & McAuliffe, F. M. (2019) · Journal of Marketing Management · doi:10.1080/0267257x.2019.1576756 · Cited by 51
“As discussed previously, it was through such discussion that the relevance of recent research in the area of engagement and, in particular, the conceptualisation of consumer engagement (Brodie et al., 2011; Calder et al., 2016b; Hollebeek, 2011a; Hollebeek et al., 2014) became apparent.”
BackgroundExploring the Opportunities of the Emojis in Brand Communication: The Case of the Beer Industry
Molina, A. M. C., Rojas-de-Gracia, M.-M., Urbistondo, P. A., & Charneco, M. R. (2019) · International Journal of Business Communication · doi:10.1177/2329488419832964 · Cited by 50
Factors Driving Consumer Engagement and Intentions with Gamification of Mobile Apps
Kamboj, S., Rana, S., & Drave, V. A. (2020) · Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations · doi:10.4018/jeco.2020040102 · Cited by 51
Do experience and engagement matter to millennial consumers?
Khan, I., Fatma, M., Kumar, V., & Amoroso, S. (2021) · Marketing Intelligence & Planning · doi:10.1108/mip-01-2020-0033 · Cited by 63
Mondal, S. R. (2020) · Advances in marketing, customer relationship management, and e-services book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-4420-4.ch006 · Cited by 47
Enhancing brand loyalty through online brand communities: the role of community benefits
Huang, T. K., Wang, Y.-T., & Lin, K. (2021) · Journal of Product & Brand Management · doi:10.1108/jpbm-08-2020-3027 · Cited by 60
Jiang, Y., Liao, J., Chen, J., Hu, Y., & Du, P. (2021) · Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics · doi:10.1108/apjml-06-2021-0436 · Cited by 51
A Scoping Review of the Effect of Content Marketing on Online Consumer Behavior
Plessis, C. D. (2022) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440221093042 · Cited by 125
The development and validation of a scale to measure perceived value of mobile commerce (MVAL-SCALE)
Dastane, O., Goi, C. L., & Rabbanee, F. K. (2022) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2022.103222 · Cited by 49
The effect of social commerce attributes on customer engagement: an empirical investigation
Busalim, A. H., Hollebeek, L. D., & Lynn, T. (2023) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-03-2022-0165 · Cited by 69
Self-citationSo, K. K. F., Li, J., King, C., & Hollebeek, L. D. (2024) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.21999 · Cited by 53
“Third, positive customer engagement outcomes may motivate one's uses ‐ and ‐ gratifications – informed needs and engagement in subsequent brand interactions (e.g., Hollebeek et al., 2014; Jaakkola & Alexander, 2014), exposing a virtuous engagement cycle.”
InfluentialSelf-citationA Critical Analysis of Consumer Engagement Dimensionality
Kuvykaitė, R., & Tarutė, A. (2015) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.468 · Cited by 47
Drivers of Social Commerce through Brand Engagement
Erdoğmuş, İ. E., & Tatar, Ş. B. (2015) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.10.087 · Cited by 56
Exploring the impact of rewarded social media engagement in loyalty programs
Rehnen, L.-M., Bartsch, S., Kull, M., & Meyer, A. (2017) · Journal of service management · doi:10.1108/josm-10-2015-0338 · Cited by 50
Li, L. P., Jurić, B., & Brodie, R. J. (2018) · Journal of service management · doi:10.1108/josm-08-2016-0235 · Cited by 55
Self-citationLos millennials como prosumers y adprosumers en las redes sociales corporativas
Martínez‐Sala, A., Segarra‐Saavedra, J., & Monserrat‐Gauchi, J. (2018) · Cuadernos info · doi:10.7764/cdi.43.1335 · Cited by 48
What makes the difference? Employee social media brand engagement
Duncan, S. Y., Chohan, R., & Ferreira, J. J. (2019) · Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing · doi:10.1108/jbim-09-2018-0279 · Cited by 48
Hapsari, R. D. V., Hussein, A. S., & Handrito, R. P. (2020) · Services Marketing Quarterly · doi:10.1080/15332969.2019.1707375 · Cited by 58
“This significant effect of customer engagement on customer loyalty strengthens Hollebeek et al. (2014) contention about the contribution of engagement in creating loyalty.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKim, T., & Phua, J. (2020) · Journal of Interactive Advertising · doi:10.1080/15252019.2020.1734120 · Cited by 47
Co-creation or Co-destruction: A Perspective of Online Customer Engagement Valence
Siddique, J., Shamim, A., Nawaz, M., Faye, I., & Rehman, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.591753 · Cited by 51
Hentzen, J. K., Hoffmann, A. O. I., & Dolan, R. M. (2021) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/ijcs.12685 · Cited by 55
Kolańska, M., & Singh, B. (2023) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/ijcs.12983 · Cited by 52
Does your company have the right influencer? Influencer type and tourism brand personality
Zhang, J., Shao, Z., & Wang, K. (2024) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2024.105079 · Cited by 47
The two sides of empowering consumers to co-design innovations
Sembada, A. Y. (2017) · Journal of Services Marketing · doi:10.1108/jsm-02-2017-0062 · Cited by 48
Izquierdo, C. C., Garrido, M., & Cabezudo, R. S. J. (2018) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2017.1418475 · Cited by 46
Science is about corroborating empirical evidence, even in academic business research journals
Babin, B. J., Ortinau, D. J., Herrmann, J.-L., & López, C. (2020) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.002 · Cited by 50
Amoah, J. O., Belás, J., Khan, K. A., & Metzker, Z. (2021) · Management & Marketing · doi:10.2478/mmcks-2021-0003 · Cited by 46
“Extant literature is prolific with studies that examined the significant relationship between customers and social media usage (Guo et al.,2017, Hollebeek et al., 2014; Mason et al., 2020; Malthouse et al., 2016),which highlights that the attraction of customers has increased in recent times…”
Digital service innovation, customer engagement, and customer equity in AR marketing
Kim, K. H., Ko, E., Kim, S. J., & Jiang, Q. (2021) · Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science · doi:10.1080/21639159.2021.1923054 · Cited by 47
“For instance, Hollebeek et al. (2014) confirmed that customer engagement is positively connected with emotions such as love for a focal brand.”
BackgroundMethodShi, X., Evans, R. D., & Shan, W. (2021) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121389 · Cited by 52
Rehman, F. U., & Zeb, A. (2022) · Journal of Islamic marketing · doi:10.1108/jima-07-2021-0231 · Cited by 47
Exploring destination advocacy behavior in a virtual travel community
Lever, M. W., Elliot, S., & Joppe, M. (2021) · Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing · doi:10.1080/10548408.2021.1940421 · Cited by 45
“The online interaction and engagement with one’s social network, co-creating the information dissemination process (Hollebeek et al., 2014), has changed the relationship between destination marketing organizations (DMOs) and tourists (Lam et al., 2020; Lange-Faria & Elliot, 2012).”
BackgroundBoost your email marketing campaign! Emojis as visual stimuli to influence customer engagement
Valenzuela-Gálvez, E. S., Garrido-Morgado, Á., & González‐Benito, Ó. (2022) · Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1108/jrim-02-2021-0033 · Cited by 54
The role of recommender systems in fostering consumers' long-term platform engagement
Masłowska, E., Malthouse, E. C., & Hollebeek, L. D. (2022) · Journal of service management · doi:10.1108/josm-12-2021-0487 · Cited by 46
Self-citationEffect of personal branding stereotypes on user engagement on short-video platforms
Wei, Z., Zhang, M., & Qiao, T. (2022) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2022.103121 · Cited by 47
Transforming followers into fans: a study of Chinese users of the WeChat Official Account
Guo, L., Zhang, M., Kang, K., & Hu, M. (2017) · Online Information Review · doi:10.1108/oir-01-2016-0013 · Cited by 45
Engaging consumers in mobile instant messaging: the role of cute branded emoticons
Lee, C. T., & Hsieh, S. H. (2019) · Journal of Product & Brand Management · doi:10.1108/jpbm-08-2018-1997 · Cited by 46
Building relationships through customer engagement in Facebook brand pages
de Silva, T. M. (2019) · Marketing Intelligence & Planning · doi:10.1108/mip-02-2019-0085 · Cited by 49
Sustainable Consumption Behavior at Home and in the Workplace: Avenues for Innovative Solutions
Banytė, J., Šalčiuvienė, L., Dovalienė, A., Piligrimienė, Ž., & Sroka, W. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12166564 · Cited by 49
“[23] are also used in this study, but the scale proposed and tested by So et al.”
BackgroundMethodDeveloping UGC social brand engagement model: Insights from diverse consumers
Naeem, M., & Ozuem, W. (2020) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.1873 · Cited by 48
Customer Engagement in Hospitality and Tourism Services
So, K. K. F., & Li, X. (2020) · Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research · doi:10.1177/1096348019900010 · Cited by 74
“, 2016) and future purchase intentions (Hollebeek et al., 2014), and is hence described as the “expanded domain of relationship marketing” (Vivek et al.”
BackgroundTriggers of engagement and avoidance: Applying approach-avoid theory
Kelly, L., Kerr, G., & Drennan, J. (2020) · Journal of Marketing Communications · doi:10.1080/13527266.2018.1531053 · Cited by 44
“In the marketing literature, research in customer engagement stemmed from work by Brodie et al (2011) and Hollebeek (2011) and subsequent research focusing on virtual platforms (Brodie et al. 2013; Hollebeek et al., 2014; Tregua et al., 2015).”
BackgroundWong, A., & Lee, M. (2021) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102866 · Cited by 42
Rather, R. A., Parrey, S. H., Gulzar, R., & Rehman, S. U. (2022) · Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science · doi:10.1080/21639159.2022.2083000 · Cited by 44
“…is regarded as an important aspect of brand-based business performance (Kumar & Pansari, 2016), and a lot of attention has been cast on the question of how the customer can be made aware and loyal with brand (Hollebeek et al., 2014; Shawky et al., 2020; Thakur, 2018; Unnava & Aravindakshan, 2021).”
BackgroundSchultz, C. D. (2016) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-015-0209-7 · Cited by 45
“…study is related to previous research studying customer engagement in the domain of social media (Bitter et al. 2014; Brodie et al. 2013; Cheung et al. 2012; Dessart et al. 2015; Gummerus et al. 2012; Hollebeek et al. 2014; Kabadayi and Price 2014; Sashi 2012; Tsai and Men 2013; Wirtz et al. 2013).”
BackgroundResultLeveraging marketer-generated appeals in online brand communities
Weiger, W. H., Wetzel, H. A., & Hammerschmidt, M. (2017) · Journal of service management · doi:10.1108/josm-11-2015-0378 · Cited by 47
“Engagement intensity can be defined as the degree to which a user participates in brandfocused community activities with respect to the associated level of immediacy, frequency, and effort (Hollebeek et al., 2014; van Doorn et al., 2010).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe beginning of value co-creation: understanding dynamics, efforts and betterment
Chen, T., Yang, S. O., & Leo, C. (2017) · Journal of Service Theory and Practice · doi:10.1108/jstp-12-2015-0257 · Cited by 45
Viswanathan, V., Malthouse, E. C., Masłowska, E., Hoornaert, S., & den Poel, D. V. (2018) · Journal of service management · doi:10.1108/josm-09-2016-0241 · Cited by 47
“…2018 pp. 378-398 © Emerald Publishing Limited 1757-5818 DOI 10.1108/JOSM-09-2016-0241 D ow nl oa de d by G he nt U ni ve rs ity L ib ra ry A t 1 1: 57 2 measuring engagement, and relied mostly on cross-sectional surveys (e.g. Algesheimer et al., 2005; Calder et al., 2009; Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialTroisi, O., D’Arco, M., Loia, F., & Maione, G. (2018) · International Journal of Engineering Business Management · doi:10.1177/1847979018767776 · Cited by 45
“25,26 Therefore, if we assume that the person/consumer as the focal ‘engagement subject’, it follows that the specific ‘engagement object’ may vary across contexts.”
BackgroundBlas, S. S., Buzova, D., & Pérez-Ruiz, P. (2020) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120350 · Cited by 44
Cao, Y., Zhou, Z., & Majeed, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.706889 · Cited by 45
“A plethora of studies exist that examine OBC from different perspectives, such as community tribalism, identification, and customer engagement and value co-creation (Wirtz et al., 2013; Hollebeek et al., 2014; Black and Veloutsou, 2017; Coelho et al., 2019).”
BackgroundFrom social capital to consumer engagement: the mediating role of consumer e-empowerment
Mostafa, R. B. (2021) · Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1108/jrim-09-2020-0197 · Cited by 47
Behnam, M., Anagnostopoulos, C., Byers, T., & Papadimitriou, D. A. (2021) · European Sport Management Quarterly · doi:10.1080/16184742.2021.1929375 · Cited by 46
“research suggests that CE behaviour follows CE disposition (e.g. Brodie et al., 2011; Hollebeek et al., 2014; Vivek et al., 2012).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialNaeem, M., & Ozuem, W. (2021) · Journal of Brand Management · doi:10.1057/s41262-021-00239-5 · Cited by 42
“Previous studies investigated the ways in which consumer brand engagement could be achieved through social media (Algharabat et al. 2020; Cheung et al. 2020; Hollebeek et al. 2014), but these studies focused on either psychological or communication-related factors rather than the social context of SCFBE.”
BackgroundPham, L. H., Woyo, E., Pham, T. H., & Truong, D. T. X. (2022) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights · doi:10.1108/jhti-04-2022-0123 · Cited by 49
Xuan, Q. T., Truong, H. T. H., & Quang, T. V. (2023) · International Journal of Bank Marketing · doi:10.1108/ijbm-07-2022-0292 · Cited by 70
Crapa, G., Latino, M. E., & Roma, P. (2023) · Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management · doi:10.1002/csr.2581 · Cited by 52
Metadata
- Authors
- Hollebeek, L. D., Glynn, M. S., & Brodie, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Waikato (NZ)
- Auckland University of Technology (NZ)
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- Hollebeek, Linda D.
- Glynn, Mark S.
- Brodie, Roderick J.
- Venue
- Journal of Interactive Marketing
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 149-165
- ISSN
- 1094-9968 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6653
- OpenAlex
- W2061289966
- Cited by
- 3,276
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 392 · 2025: 370 · 2024: 349 · 2023: 398 · 2022: 363 · 2021: 334 · 2020: 316 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 196 · 2017: 159 · 2016: 92 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 323.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Journal of Interactive Marketing (publishedVersion)
- Tuwhera (Auckland University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Massey University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Digital Marketing and Social Media
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Marketing and Advertising Strategies
- Keywords
- brand engagement, social media, scale development, consumer-brand relationships, consumer involvement, self-brand connection, cognitive processes, affect, activation, nomological network
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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