The DOI matches its Crossref record; 105 of the 110 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 2 of the 29 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development and Validation
Open accessAbstract
In the last three decades, an influential research stream has emerged which highlights the dynamics of focal consumer/brand relationships. Specifically, more recently the ‘consumer brand engagement’ (CBE) concept has been postulated to more comprehensively reflect the nature of consumers’ particular interactive brand relationships, relative to traditional concepts, including ‘involvement.’ However, despite the growing scholarly interest regarding the undertaking of marketing research addressing ‘engagement,’ studies have been predominantly exploratory in nature, thus generating a lack of empirical research in this area to date. By developing and validating a CBE scale in specific social media settings, we address this identified literature gap. Specifically, we conceptualize CBE as a consumer's positively valenced brand-related cognitive, emotional and behavioral activity during or related to focal consumer/brand interactions. We derive three CBE dimensions, including cognitive processing, affection, and activation. Within three different social media contexts, we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale, which we proceed to validate within a nomological net of conceptual relationships and a rival model. The findings suggest that while consumer brand ‘involvement’ acts as a CBE antecedent, consumer ‘self-brand connection’ and ‘brand usage intent’ represent key CBE consequences, thus providing a platform for further research…
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49 Own result · 21 Own interpretation · 9 No full text of the sources · 8 Sources not found · 8 Own method · 7 No basis given · 2 Couldn’t confirm · 1 Not checked yet · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“the qualitative study shows consumer conceptions of CBE are aligned with key findings addressing the 'engagement' concept in prior research (Brodie et al. 2011;Leeflang 2011).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites Leeflang 2011 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The available Abstract describes the formalization of marketing and future developments, while the metadata lists customer engagement only as a keyword. Searches for consumer conceptions of CBE, qualitative findings, and the engagement concept found no passage addressing whether those conceptions align with prior research. (LLM, conf=0.71)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In an additional EFA including only the 10 retained CBE items, the scree plot and the eigen values exceeding 1.0 concurred in suggesting the suitability of a threefactor solution for CBE, which explained 69.63% of the total variance.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For these brands, the respondents exhibited a substantially lower willingness to exert cognitive, emotional or behavioral activity in their brand interactions”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“we observed the scree in the scree plot at three factors; thus corresponding to our hypothesized three-factor model of CBE.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cattell 1966 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The attained Cronbach alphas for the scale were: (i) Cognitive processing: .825;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fit statistics for the re-estimated model were as follows: χ 2 (53) = 464.9(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 8.72, GFI = .865;CFI = .922;RMSEA = .118;and SRMR = .048;thus indicating a worse fit, relative to the three-factor model.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the audio recorded findings suggested that consumers predominantly equated their 'engagement' with their selected brands to specific brand interactions.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“while consumer brand 'involvement' acts as a CBE antecedent”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the results indicated that for perceived 'highly engaging' brands consumers, typically, appeared willing to exert considerable cognitive, emotional and behavioral activity in their brand interactions”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We derive three CBE dimensions, including cognitive processing, affection, and activation.”
- Also stated in: § CBE Conceptual Development · plain
“we propose three CBE dimensions, which correspond to the generic cognitive, emotional and behavioral nature of 'engagement.'”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § CBE Conceptual Development · plain
- Probably not a substantial claim. 11
- It may state two separate claims as one. 14
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“As such, this research responds directly to the Marketing Science Institute's (MSI 2010), Leeflang's (2011), and Brodie et al.'s (2011) call for the undertaking of 'engagement'-based scale development research.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites MSI 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites Leeflang (2011) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The indexed Abstract describes a broad agenda for developing marketing research, and the keywords include customer engagement. Searches for engagement-based scale development and customer-engagement measures returned no passage in our copy calling for that research; the retrieved text does not establish the specific attribution to Leeflang. (LLM, conf=0.72)
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. (2011)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“resulting in a three-factor, 10-item CBE scale for further analysis.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plainn = 200- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The item screening generated a reduced pool of 39 CBE items.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we retained 12 items for the 'cognitive processing,' 15 items for the 'affection,' and 12 items for the 'activation' dimensions of CBE for further analysis.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reliability (internal consistency) analyses using Cronbach's alpha indicated the scale had good reliability: (i) Cognitive processing: .753;(ii) Affection: .839;(iii) Activation: .776;and (iv) Overall 10-item CBE scale: .823.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The attained Cronbach alphas for the scale were: (i) Cognitive processing: .825;(ii) Affection: .907; (iii) Activation: .894;and (iv) Overall CBE scale: .933.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The results in Figure 1 suggested excellent model fit (Iacobucci 2010: p. 91): χ 2 (32) = 97.994(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 3.06.Further, GFI = .968;CFI = .984;RMSEA = .061;and SRMR = .0278;thus corroborating the excellent model fit to the data”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The regression weights (βs) for each of the items onto their intended factor were significant (e.g.AFFECTION → AFFEC.1: .895);and all standardized coefficients .50;suggesting that each of the items should remain in the model”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
What the sources say
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, while we found consumers' brand-related 'affection' (.426) and 'activation' (.402) in specific consumer/brand interactions to exert a similar significant effect on individuals' ensuing 'brand usage intent,' consumers' level of 'cognitive processing' (.045) failed to produce a significant effect.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Hypothesis Testing Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“which indicated that discriminant validity was attained for 14 of the 15 possible construct pairs; that is, with the exception of COG.PROC.-AFFEC.(Table 5).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Fornell and Larcker 1981a/b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Each of the squared multiple correlations exceeded .50;also indicating good item reliability.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression coefficients indicated that each of the items made a significant contribution to the measurement of its intended construct, thus contributing to the model's convergent validity.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fit statistics for the calibration sample are: χ 2 (243) = 653.561(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 2.69, GFI = .824;CFI = .932;RMSEA = .078;and SRMR = .0616;the validation sample: χ 2 (243) = 666.7 (p=0.000);χ 2 /df = 2.77, GFI = .817;CFI = .938;RMSEA = .079;and SRMR = .0516.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 5 about here
plainn = 278- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Highly similar results were attained across both sub-samples (Table 6), which also exhibited significant resemblance to the results for the full sample (Alwin and Jackson 1981).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 5 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Alwin and Jackson 1981
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedn = 278- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Fourth, 'engagement' plays a central role in a nomological net of focal conceptual relationships (Brodie et al. 2011)”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Table 1 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As such, study 3 confirmed the CBE scale representing a valid, reliable and stable measurement instrument.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“more recently the 'consumer brand engagement' (CBE) concept has been postulated to more comprehensively reflect the nature of consumers' particular interactive brand relationships, relative to traditional concepts, including 'involvement.'”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“'engagement' reflects a motivational state (Van Doorn et al. 2010), which occurs by virtue of an individual's (i.e. the 'engagement subject') focal interactive experiences with a particular object or agent”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Table 1 about here
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Van Doorn et al. 2010 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“studies have been predominantly exploratory in nature; thus generating a lack of empirical research in this area to date.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and as such, may be useful for scholars and managers seeking to predict specific consumer behavior outcomes;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additionally, this paper contributes insights regarding the potential role of CBE in the advancement of the broader theoretical perspectives of relationship marketing, S-D logic and consumer culture theory, which are centered upon the importance of establishing and maintaining value-laden, interactive and co-creative consumer/brand interactions and relationships.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As a result, consumers' CBE levels with a focal brand may fluctuate: (i) During (i.e.within) a particular brand interaction; and (ii) Across brand interactions over time.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Contributions, Limitations & Implications Academic Implications
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, we expect managerial cultivation of CBE to generate enhanced consumer brand retention and loyalty outcomes.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Managerial Implications
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Represents a promising, under-explored concept to date;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“thus indicating that not only does CBE have a positive effect on consumer 'self-brand connection,' but CBE explains most of the variance observed for this construct.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Hypothesis Testing Results
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The selected social media brands (Facebook.com, Twitter.com, LinkedIn.com) are representative of social media contexts for studying CBE.
“Within three different social media contexts, we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale”
“we selected the brand Facebook.comfor investigation”
“we selected the social media brand Twitter.com for investigation”
The paper relies on this without support.
The causal direction is from consumer brand involvement through CBE to self-brand connection and brand usage intent, not the reverse.
“we identified a mediating effect of CBE in the association between consumer brand 'involvement' and 'brand usage intent.'”
The paper relies on this without support.
The nomological net includes all relevant mediating variables.
“which implies there are no omitted mediating variables, and the mediating hypotheses are supported.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Study 2: CBE Measurement Assessment & Scale Dimensionality
“We selected a social media setting in studies 1-3”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Study 1: Consumer Conceptions of 'Consumer Brand Engagement' (CBE)
“We instructed the participants to select a brand in any category that is 'highly engaging' to them”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“| Activation | .72 | .67 | .75 | .69 | .46 | .49 | | Self-Brand | .84 | .74 | .86 | .86 | .75 | .45 |”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
Reported 0.46 · recomputed 0.7396
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“| Affection | .84 | .85 | .76 | .57 | .74 | .46 | | Activation | .72 | .67 | .75 | .69 | .46 | .49 | | Self-Brand | .84 | .74 | .86 | .86 | .75 | .45 | | Connection | | | | | | | | Brand Usage | .67 | .64 | .74 | .70 | .67 | .76 |”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
Reported 0.46 · recomputed 0.5476
Citations
Cites
Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151312 · Cited by 109,314
Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224378101800104 · Cited by 109,190
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,001–1,100 of 3,233
Social media hook sports events: a systematic review of engagement
Einsle, C. S., Izquierdo, G. E., & Fernández, J. G. (2023) · Communication & Society · doi:10.15581/003.36.3.133-151 · Cited by 40
“It adopts a perspective of value creation and co-creation (Grönroos & Voima, 2013; Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMethodFollowing too much on Facebook brand page: A concept of brand overload and its validation
Lin, X., & Wang, X. (2023) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102682 · Cited by 27
Pourhossein, M., Baker, B. J., Dousti, M., Behnam, M., & Tabesh, S. (2023) · Journal of Destination Marketing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2023.100821 · Cited by 34
Branded marketing events: engaging Australian and French wine consumers
Altschwager, T., Conduit, J., Bouzdine‐Chameeva, T., & Goodman, S. (2017) · Journal of Service Theory and Practice · doi:10.1108/jstp-04-2015-0108 · Cited by 26
Multi-label classification of member participation in online innovation communities
Debaere, S., Coussement, K., & Ruyck, T. D. (2018) · European Journal of Operational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2018.03.039 · Cited by 26
Ferreira, M., & Zambaldi, F. (2019) · The International Journal on Media Management · doi:10.1080/14241277.2019.1585354 · Cited by 25
“We employed, as recommended, 5,000 bootstrap samples at the 95% confidence level (Hollebeek et al., 2014) and ran the hypothesized structural model (see Figure 1), including a direct relationship between perceived homophily and corporate reputation and another between brand involvement and…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHollebeek, L. D., & Brodie, R. J. (2016) · Journal of Strategic Marketing · doi:10.1080/0965254x.2015.1097093 · Cited by 27
“Specifically, the rise of the Internet and its multitude of applications has endowed customers with significant opportunities for proactive, co-creative collaboration and co-production, rather than acting simply as more traditional, passive audiences (Sasser, Kilgour, & Hollebeek, 2013; Sawhney et al., 2005; Hollebeek…”
BackgroundSelf-citationAR app-based brand engagement and outcomes: A moderated mediation approach
Khan, I. M., & Fatma, M. (2023) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103618 · Cited by 41
Engage to co-create! The drivers of brand co-creation on social commerce
Nibras, S., Gunawan, T. A., Tan, G. W., et al. (2024) · Marketing Intelligence & Planning · doi:10.1108/mip-05-2023-0204 · Cited by 25
Omnichannel shopping habit development
Sharma, N., Fatima, J. K., Sharma, S., & Amin, S. Z. (2024) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/ijcs.13072 · Cited by 25
Dahrouj, R., Itani, O. S., Hollebeek, L. D., Eslami, H., & El-Kassar, A.-N. (2025) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2025.104230 · Cited by 29
Self-citationInvestigating the influences of social overload and task complexity on user engagement decrease
Zhang, X., Ding, X., Wang, G.-S., & Ma, L. (2018) · Total Quality Management & Business Excellence · doi:10.1080/14783363.2018.1509698 · Cited by 25
Influences of place attachment and social media affordances on online brand community continuance
Wang, K., Tai, J. C. F., & Chang, H. (2019) · Information Systems and e-Business Management · doi:10.1007/s10257-019-00418-7 · Cited by 27
“2016) and thus underlines the pivotal role of brand engagement in facilitating the continuance of value co-creation and participation in online brand communities (Brodie et al. 2013; Hollebeek et al. 2014; Zhang et al. 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialEffect of social identity on the generation of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) on Facebook
Soriano, F. J. G., Feldman, P. M., & Rodríguez-Camacho, J. A. (2020) · Cogent Business & Management · doi:10.1080/23311975.2020.1738201 · Cited by 25
“Previous studies on cultural features, such as French and Read (2013) and Hollebeek et al. (2014), argue the importance of the cultural context in eWOM, emphasizing that culture affects the manifestation of individual factors, which tend to be expressed more frequently than collective factors.”
BackgroundNguyen, L. T. V., Lu, V. N., Conduit, J., Tran, T. T. N., & Scholz, B. (2020) · Higher Education Research & Development · doi:10.1080/07294360.2020.1798886 · Cited by 25
“…as a multidimensional construct adopted in this paper, we adapted eight items to measure social media engagement (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.82) from Hollebeek et al. (2014); example items include ‘Using this social media platform stimulates my interest in learning more about it [social media]’,…”
MethodInfluentialAlwreikat, A. A. M., & Rjoub, H. (2020) · South African Journal of Business Management · doi:10.4102/sajbm.v51i1.2046 · Cited by 34
“Consumer engagement was assessed with an eight-item measure from Hollebeek et al. (2014).”
MethodUnderstanding how customers engage with social tourism websites
Bravo, R., Catalán, S., & Pérez, J. M. P. (2021) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology · doi:10.1108/jhtt-02-2019-0040 · Cited by 25
Building brand loyalty on social media: theories, measurements, antecedents, and consequences
Jai, T.-M. C., Tong, X., & Chen, H. S. (2021) · Journal of Brand Management · doi:10.1057/s41262-021-00252-8 · Cited by 42
Naeem, M., & Ozuem, W. (2022) · Qualitative Market Research An International Journal · doi:10.1108/qmr-02-2021-0028 · Cited by 25
Shin, H., & Perdue, R. R. (2022) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/00472875211073618 · Cited by 28
“Finally, the existing research on customer engagement has tended to mix both psychological and behavioral dimensions of engagement in a single framework (e.g., Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014; Mirbagheri and Najmi 2019; Rather, Hollebeek, and Rasoolimanesh 2021; Vivek et al. 2014).”
BackgroundThe Impact of Influencer Marketing on Brand Engagement: A Conceptual Framework
Liu, S. (2021) · Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research/Advances in social science, education and humanities research · doi:10.2991/assehr.k.211220.383 · Cited by 26
“Brand engagement refers to the degree of positively valenced brand-related cognitional, emotional and behavioral investment in a brand [15].”
BackgroundEngaging with self-tracking applications: how do users respond to their performance data?
Constantiou, I., Mukkamala, A. M., Sjöklint, M., & Trier, M. (2022) · European Journal of Information Systems · doi:10.1080/0960085x.2022.2081096 · Cited by 32
“User engagement is a key determinant of use continuance (Hollebeek et al., 2014) and value creation (Brodie et al., 2013; O’Brien & Toms, 2008) through data leveraging for innovation on data-driven services (Blasco-Arcas et al., 2016; Hollebeek & Macky, 2019; VIGLIA”
BackgroundMoral identity and engagement in sustainable consumption
Šalčiuvienė, L., Banytė, J., Vilkas, M., Dovalienė, A., & Piligrimienė, Ž. (2022) · Journal of Consumer Marketing · doi:10.1108/jcm-03-2021-4506 · Cited by 41
What keeps me engaging? A study of consumers' continuous social media brand engagement practices
Osei-Frimpong, K., Otoo, B. A., McLean, G., Islam, N., & Soga, L. R. (2022) · Information Technology and People · doi:10.1108/itp-11-2021-0850 · Cited by 25
Hollebeek, L. D., Kulikovskaja, V., Hubert, M., & Grunert, K. G. (2023) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-08-2021-0619 · Cited by 25
Self-citationLuxury consumption and the dark triad of personality
Razmus, W., Czarna, A. Z., & Fortuna, P. (2023) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114246 · Cited by 32
Consumer engagement on social media: an analysis of brand post characteristic combinations
Liu, Y., Zhao, Z., Wang, J., & Qiu, Z. (2024) · Journal of Marketing Management · doi:10.1080/0267257x.2024.2336949 · Cited by 29
“The behavioural pattern of consumer engagement is not contradictory to its conceptualisation as a motivation structure including cognitive and emotional dimensions (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
Singh, Y., & Milan, R. (2024) · Entertainment Computing · doi:10.1016/j.entcom.2024.100868 · Cited by 33
Tourist ESG engagement behaviors: conceptualization, scale development, and nomological Network
Shin, H., Kim, H., & Kang, J. (2025) · Journal of Sustainable Tourism · doi:10.1080/09669582.2025.2453680 · Cited by 25
Emotional and cognitive involvement of consumers with hotel brands on social networking sites
Su, N., Mariadoss, B. J., & Reynolds, D. (2019) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights · doi:10.1108/jhti-10-2018-0064 · Cited by 24
Emotional and rational customer engagement: exploring the development route and the motivation
Chen, X., Dahlgaard‐Park, S. M., & Wen, D. (2019) · Total Quality Management & Business Excellence · doi:10.1080/14783363.2019.1665834 · Cited by 28
“, 2011, 2013; Hollebeek, 2011) and empirically (Hollebeek et al., 2014; Islam & Rahman, 2016; Leckie et al., 2016; Harrigan et al., 2018).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialTransforming customer brand engagement to co-creation value through participation energy and effort
Quyen, M. T. M., & Hau, L. N. (2021) · Service Business · doi:10.1007/s11628-021-00452-x · Cited by 25
Han, X., Chen, S., & Chen, B. (2021) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102815 · Cited by 28
Huang, Q., Lynn, B. J., Dong, C., Ni, S., & Men, L. R. (2022) · International Journal of Business Communication · doi:10.1177/23294884211067805 · Cited by 22
“Cognitively, engagement indicates information processing and a psychological motivational state that influences individuals’ interactive tendency (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHabib, A., Irfan, M., & Shahzad, M. (2022) · Future Business Journal · doi:10.1186/s43093-022-00119-7 · Cited by 29
“Thus, it is imperative to understand customer interactions to develop stronger emotional ties with online market players [16].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialDefining Event Marketing as Engagement-Driven Marketing Communication
Setiawan, R., Wibisono, D., & Purwanegara, M. S. (2022) · Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business · doi:10.22146/gamaijb.63788 · Cited by 38
“In addition, the cognitive and emotional elements of customer engagement incorporate experiences and feelings (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundChrisniyanti, A., & Fah, C. T. (2022) · Eurasian Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.15604/ejss.2022.10.02.001 · Cited by 50
“…intensity levels of cognitive, emotional, and intentional states in engagement processes can change rapidly from one moment to another, social brand engagement necessitates an active relationship that provides consumers and brands with experimental and instrumental value (Hollebeek et al. 2014).”
Feeling psychologically close: examining the determinants of branded app engagement
Hsieh, S. H., Tseng, T. H., & Lee, C. T. (2022) · Journal of Product & Brand Management · doi:10.1108/jpbm-07-2021-3565 · Cited by 26
The impact of influencer-sourced brand endorsement on online consumer brand engagement
Gupta, S., Mahajan, R., & Dash, S. B. (2023) · Journal of Strategic Marketing · doi:10.1080/0965254x.2023.2200389 · Cited by 29
“SM facilitates CBE through interactions and information exchange (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
InfluentialDoes privacy still matter in smart technology experience? A conditional mediation analysis
Chang, J. Y., Konar, R., Cheah, J., & Lim, X. (2023) · Journal of Marketing Analytics · doi:10.1057/s41270-023-00240-8 · Cited by 24
“Existing literature suggests that engagement has an impact on BI (Hollebeek et al. 2014; Kim and Barber 2022) and fosters a proactive relationship between tourists and service providers (Soltani Nejad et al. 2022).”
Thelen, P. D., & Robinson, K. L. (2019) · Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01463373.2019.1616586 · Cited by 25
Brüggen, E. C., Post, T., & Schmitz, K. (2019) · Journal of Services Marketing · doi:10.1108/jsm-02-2018-0082 · Cited by 23
“A large body of research has emerged on antecedents and outcomes of customer engagement, such as value co-creation, involvement, experience, loyalty or profitability (Hollebeek et al., 2014, Jaakkola and Alexander, 2014, Van Doorn et al., 2010).”
BackgroundInfluentialTransmission of Place Branding Values through Experiential Events: Wine BC Case Study
Cristòfol, F. J., Cruz-Ruiz, E., & Zamarreño-Aramendia, G. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13063002 · Cited by 24
Strategies to drive interactivity and digital engagement: a practitioners' perspective
Tong, S. C., & Chan, F. F. Y. (2023) · Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1108/jrim-05-2022-0153 · Cited by 31
Morosan, C. V., & Cengizci, A. D. (2023) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology · doi:10.1108/jhtt-10-2022-0293 · Cited by 23
Liu, W.-L., Zhao, X.-Y., Zhan, M., & Hernandez, S. (2024) · Public Relations Review · doi:10.1016/j.pubrev.2024.102512 · Cited by 27
Obtaining Premium When Luxury Is Far Away: Masstige's Antecedents, Moderators and Consequences
Anning‐Dorson, T., & Tackie, N. N. (2024) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/ijcs.70004 · Cited by 23
Goel, P., & Garg, A. (2025) · Journal of Consumer Marketing · doi:10.1108/jcm-05-2024-6915 · Cited by 34
Han, J., Kang, H., & Kwon, G. H. (2018) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.08.023 · Cited by 23
Brand equity in social media-based brand community
Hoang, H. T., Wang, F., Ngo, Q. V., & Chen, M. (2019) · Marketing Intelligence & Planning · doi:10.1108/mip-01-2019-0051 · Cited by 23
Insights into user engagement on social media. Findings from two fashion retailers
Bonilla-Quijada, M., Arriaga, J. L. D. O., & Domingo, D. A. (2020) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-020-00429-0 · Cited by 23
The importance of trust for electronic commerce satisfaction: an entrepreneurial perspective
Shirazi, F., Adam, N. A., Shanmugam, M., & Schultz, C. D. (2020) · British Food Journal · doi:10.1108/bfj-07-2020-0626 · Cited by 28
Kritzinger, R., & Petzer, D. J. (2020) · European Business Review · doi:10.1108/ebr-04-2020-0104 · Cited by 30
Negative customer engagement in emerging markets: cognitive dimension
Do, D. K. X., Rahman, K., Robinson, L. J., & Bowden, J. (2021) · Journal of Strategic Marketing · doi:10.1080/0965254x.2021.1919180 · Cited by 23
“To obtain a comprehensive understanding of NCE, this study investigates NCE in a service consumption context that fully reflects the interactive nature of CE (Brodie et al., 2011; Hollebeek et al., 2014; Vivek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundVisual cognition of fake news: the effects of consumer brand engagement
Ladeira, W. J., Dalmoro, M., Santini, F. D. O., & Jardim, W. C. (2021) · Journal of Marketing Communications · doi:10.1080/13527266.2021.1934083 · Cited by 29
“The behavioral perspective can lead to a motivational state of mind characterized by specific levels of cognitive activities (Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014).”
BackgroundMethodYulianto, H., Sutomo, Y., Palupiningtyas, D., & Nugraheni, K. S. (2021) · Measuring Business Excellence · doi:10.1108/mbe-02-2021-0025 · Cited by 23
Understanding the role of firm-generated content by hotel segment: the case of Twitter
Kim, W., Park, E., & Kim, S. (2021) · Current Issues in Tourism · doi:10.1080/13683500.2021.2003759 · Cited by 25
“As social-media marketing research has been overwhelmingly exploratory (Hollebeek et al., 2014), the purpose of this current study is to use fi rm-generated content by the hotel segment.”
Ho, C.-I., Chen, M., & Shih, Y.-W. (2021) · Journal of Marketing Management · doi:10.1080/0267257x.2021.2003421 · Cited by 24
“Despite varying in different contexts (Hollebeek et al., 2014), it is widely accepted that CE is a three-dimensional construct, including cognitive, affective and behavioural components (e.g. Brodie et al., 2011, 2013; Hollebeek, 2011; Vivek et al., 2012).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMerdiaty, N., & Aldrin, N. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.801439 · Cited by 38
Azer, J., & Alexander, M. (2022) · Journal of Service Theory and Practice · doi:10.1108/jstp-08-2021-0184 · Cited by 25
Navigating the emergence of brand meaning in service ecosystems
Baker, J. J., Fehrer, J. A., & Brodie, R. J. (2022) · Journal of service management · doi:10.1108/josm-07-2021-0261 · Cited by 25
Self-citationExploring the first steps of retirement engagement: a conceptual model and field evidence
Eberhardt, W., Post, T., Hoet, C., & Brüggen, E. C. (2022) · Journal of service management · doi:10.1108/josm-11-2020-0402 · Cited by 26
Propelling consumer engagement via entrepreneurs' live streaming?
Jiang, Z., Wang, H., Xue, J., & Zhai, T. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.890707 · Cited by 34
Measuring engagement on twitter using a composite index: An application to social media influencers
Muñoz, M. M., Rojas-de-Gracia, M.-M., & Navas-Sarasola, C. (2022) · Journal of Informetrics · doi:10.1016/j.joi.2022.101323 · Cited by 25
Determinants of user's intentions to book hotels: a comparison of websites and mobile apps
Ali, F., Ali, L., Gao, Z., Terrah, A., & Türktarhan, G. (2022) · Aslib Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1108/ajim-05-2022-0239 · Cited by 27
Exploring the effect of use contexts on user engagement toward tourism short video platforms
Qu, F., Wang, N., Zhang, X., & Wang, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1050214 · Cited by 30
“Most scholars believe customer engagement is multidimensional, encompassing the three dimensions of cognition, emotion, and behavior (Brodie et al., 2011; Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundCurvilinear relationship between customer engagement and responses to service failures
Park, Y.-N., & Gong, T. (2023) · Service Industries Journal · doi:10.1080/02642069.2022.2164273 · Cited by 26
“Accordingly, this study defines customer engagement concerning mobile applications as a psychological state that includes cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects of association with or commitment to a brand (Ahn & Back, 2018; Becker & Jaak-kola, 2020; Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
Value co‐creation and customer retention in services: Identifying a relevant moderator and mediator
Banik, S., & Rabbanee, F. K. (2023) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.2150 · Cited by 25
Yang, Y., Guo, X., Wu, T., & Vogel, D. (2023) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-10-2021-0773 · Cited by 23
Engaging through storytelling: the interplay of engagement with a story, cause, and charity
Kaczorowska, K., Conduit, J., & Goodman, S. (2023) · Journal of Brand Management · doi:10.1057/s41262-023-00343-8 · Cited by 24
“Transportation scale (Green and Brock 2000), customer brand engagement scale (Hollebeek et al. 2014), and a typology of charity support behaviours (Peloza and Hassay 2007) were used to measure respectively: narrative transportation, customer engagement, and charity support behaviours.”
AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION ON E-RETAILER AGILITY, CUSTOMER SATISFACTION, COMMITMENT AND LOYALTY
Roy, S., Raju, A., & Mandal, S. (2017) · Verslas teorija ir praktika · doi:10.3846/btp.2017.011 · Cited by 23
Antecedents of satisfaction and engagement of low-carbon bicycle-sharing using in China
Ding, X., Long, X., Li, L., Liang, H., Wang, Q., & Cai, S. (2019) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-019-04231-0 · Cited by 23
Rubio, N., Villaseñor, N., & Guillén, M. J. Y. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12198151 · Cited by 23
Customer Engagement and Advertising Effectiveness: A Moderated Mediating Analysis
Anubha, A., & Shome, S. (2021) · Journal of Internet Commerce · doi:10.1080/15332861.2021.1955324 · Cited by 23
“Depending upon that watching advertising stimulates the interests of viewers to learn more about it, they feel good after watching it and spend their time on YouTube advertising, their engagement might be high or low (Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie 2014; Islam et al. 2020).”
BackgroundMethodBrand trust and engagement in social commerce
George, A., Joseph, A., Abraham, M. P., & Joseph, E. T. (2023) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/ijcs.12947 · Cited by 29
For Shame! Socially Unacceptable Brand Mentions on Social Media Motivate Consumer Disengagement
Villanova, D., & Matherly, T. (2023) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1177/00222429231179942 · Cited by 22
“…” and “ I am likely to unsubscribe from the [brand] subred-dit ” ; 1 = “ Strongly Disagree, ” and 7 = “ Strongly Agree ” ; α = .96; based on Hollebeek, Glynn, and Brodie [2014]), vicarious shame ( α = .91, same as in Study 2), brand attitudes ( “ Please rate your attitudes toward the…”
BackgroundNegative online brand engagement: conceptualisation, scale development and validation
Dong, X., Veloutsou, C. A., & Morgan‐Thomas, A. (2024) · Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1108/jrim-09-2023-0303 · Cited by 29
Rodríguez‐Ardura, I., Meseguer‐Artola, A., Herzallah, D., & Fu, Q. (2024) · Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1108/jrim-03-2023-0083 · Cited by 28
Gao, S., & Shao, B. (2024) · Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics · doi:10.1108/apjml-10-2023-1010 · Cited by 26
Yoo, J. (2024) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103885 · Cited by 22
Unrequited love? A mixed-methods study of parasocial engagement with social media influencers
Tyrväinen, O., & Karjaluoto, H. (2025) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2024.102845 · Cited by 23
Borsci, S., & Schmettow, M. (2024) · Personal and Ubiquitous Computing · doi:10.1007/s00779-024-01834-4 · Cited by 30
“As experts also recognized [4, 5], the recent diffusion of chatbots was facilitated by the possibility for companies to offer 24/7 online conversational customer services to their clients.”
Identifying the metaverse value recipe(s) affecting customer engagement and well-being in retailing
Singh, G., Roy, S. K., Apostolidis, C., Quaddus, M., & Sadeque, S. (2024) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123870 · Cited by 26
Uludağ, O., Andrlić, B., & Omoruyi, D. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su162310410 · Cited by 34
Fostering brand love through branded memes on social media
Kim, M., & Baek, T. H. (2025) · Journal of Product & Brand Management · doi:10.1108/jpbm-02-2024-5002 · Cited by 29
Avatars' Phygital Social Presence in the Metaverse: An Engaged Theory Perspective
Sprott, D. E., Hollebeek, L. D., Sigurðsson, V., Clark, M. K., & Urbonavičius, S. (2025) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.22191 · Cited by 22
Self-citationLuxury and Twitter: an issue of the right words
Mazzoli, V., Grazzini, L., Donvito, R., et al. (2018) · Qualitative Market Research An International Journal · doi:10.1108/qmr-01-2017-0051 · Cited by 22
Hedonic and Utilitarian Drivers of Customer Engagement
Żyminkowska, K. (2019) · Central European Business Review · doi:10.18267/j.cebr.204 · Cited by 22
“Customer involvement is perceived as an antecedent of CE (Vivek et al., 2012; Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
BackgroundExploring selected antecedents of consumer–brand identification
Tuškej, U., & Podnar, K. (2018) · Baltic Journal of Management · doi:10.1108/bjm-08-2017-0268 · Cited by 25
“Loving you”: Use of metadiscourse for relational acts in WeChat public account advertisements
Xia, J. (2020) · Discourse Context & Media · doi:10.1016/j.dcm.2020.100416 · Cited by 24
Wu, J., Zhang, X., Zhu, Y., & Yu-Buck, G. F. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18126314 · Cited by 22
“Previous research has focused on customer engagement with brand [38,40], community [41], organization [44], and other traditional objectives in marketing practice.”
BackgroundSocial Media User-Influencer Congruity
Tafheem, N., El-Gohary, H. O., & Sobh, R. (2021) · International Journal of Customer Relationship Marketing and Management · doi:10.4018/ijcrmm.289213 · Cited by 30
Shoukat, M. H., Shah, S. A., Ali, R., & Ramkissoon, H. R. (2022) · Tourism Analysis · doi:10.3727/108354222x16618132626722 · Cited by 22
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“In this field, “engagement” is regarded as a very promising construct, which is expected to provide stronger predictive and explanatory power for focusing on consumer behavior (Schau et al., 2009; Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
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“…an activity; The emotional dimen-sion denotes the positive a ff ection or attachment tourist experiences during an activity; The behavioural dimension signi fi es the energy, e ff ort, and time a tourist dedicates to exploring a destination and participating in activities (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
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“Another conceptual perspective is suggested, for example, by Brodie et al. (2011, 2013) and Hollebeek et al. (2014) who operationalized engagement as a motivational state that can be manifested cognitively, emotionally or behaviourally.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Hollebeek, L. D., Glynn, M. S., & Brodie, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Waikato (NZ)
- Auckland University of Technology (NZ)
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- Hollebeek, Linda D.
- Glynn, Mark S.
- Brodie, Roderick J.
- Venue
- Journal of Interactive Marketing
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 149-165
- ISSN
- 1094-9968 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6653
- OpenAlex
- W2061289966
- Cited by
- 3,276
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 392 · 2025: 370 · 2024: 349 · 2023: 398 · 2022: 363 · 2021: 334 · 2020: 316 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 196 · 2017: 159 · 2016: 92 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 323.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Journal of Interactive Marketing (publishedVersion)
- Tuwhera (Auckland University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Massey University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Digital Marketing and Social Media
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Marketing and Advertising Strategies
- Keywords
- brand engagement, social media, scale development, consumer-brand relationships, consumer involvement, self-brand connection, cognitive processes, affect, activation, nomological network
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