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Cited by 371Digital Mental Health InterventionsPsychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsTelemedicine and Telehealth Implementation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 80 of the 82 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Consensus statement on defining and measuring negative effects of Internet interventions

Open access
Rozental, Alexander, Andersson, Gerhard, Boettcher, Johanna, Ebert, David Daniel, Cuijpers, Pim, Knaevelsrud, Christine, Ljótsson, Brjánn, Kaldo, Viktor, Titov, Nickolai, Carlbring, Per·2014·Internet Interventions
DOI 10.1016/j.invent.2014.02.001
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Abstract

Internet interventions have great potential for alleviating emotional distress, promoting mental health, and enhancing well-being. Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated their efficacy for a number of psychiatric conditions, and interventions delivered via the Internet will likely become a common alternative to face-to-face treatment. Meanwhile, research has paid little attention to the negative effects associated with treatment, warranting further investigation of the possibility that some patients might deteriorate or encounter adverse events despite receiving best available care. Evidence from research of face-to-face treatment suggests that negative effects afflict 5–10% of all patients undergoing treatment in terms of deterioration. However, there is currently a lack of consensus on how to define and measure negative effects in psychotherapy research in general, leaving researchers without practical guidelines for monitoring and reporting negative effects in clinical trials. The current paper therefore seeks to provide recommendations that could promote the study of negative effects in Internet interventions with the aim of increasing the knowledge of its occurrence and characteristics. Ten leading experts in the field of Internet interventions were invited to participate and share their perspective on how to explore negative effects, using the Delphi technique to facilitate a dialog and reach an agreement. The authors discuss the importance of conducting research on negative effects in order to further the understanding of its incidence and different features. Suggestions on how to classify and measure negative effects in Internet interventions are proposed, involving methods from both quantitative and qualitative research. Potential mechanisms underlying negative effects are also discussed, differentiating common factors shared with face-to-face treatments from those unique to treatments delivered via the Internet. The authors conclude that negative effects are to be expected and need to be acknowledged to a greater extent, advising researchers to systematically probe for negative effects whenever conducting clinical trials involving Internet interventions, as well as to share their findings in scientific journals.

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  1. Beyerstein, 2001, Fringe psychotherapies: the public at risk, Sci. Rev. Altern. Med., 5, 70

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Metadata

Authors
Rozental, A., Andersson, G., Boettcher, J., Ebert, D. D., Cuijpers, P., Knaevelsrud, C., Ljótsson, B., Kaldo, V., Titov, N., & Carlbring, P.
Affiliations
  • Stockholm University (SE)
  • Linköping University (SE)
  • Freie Universität Berlin (DE)
  • Philipps University of Marburg (DE)
  • Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
  • Karolinska Institutet (SE)
  • Macquarie University (AU)
Corresponding author
Rozental, Alexander
ORCID
Venue
Internet Interventions
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-03
Volume
1
Issue
1
Pages
12-19
ISSN
2214-7829 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.invent.2014.02.001
OpenAlex
W2105822909
Cited by
371
References
82
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 66 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 21
FWCI
65.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Internet Interventions (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
  • Multilingual Matters (Channel View Publications) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare (FORTE 2013-1107)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
Keywords
adverse outcomes, adverse events, treatment deterioration, psychotherapy research, clinical trials, adverse event reporting, psychotherapy

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