The DOI matches its Crossref record; 218 of the 226 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Obesity and the skin: Skin physiology and skin manifestations of obesity
Abstract
Unlabelled Obesity is widely recognized as an epidemic in the Western world; however, the impact of obesity on the skin has received minimal attention. The purpose of this article is to highlight the association between obesity and dermatologic conditions. We review the impact of obesity on the skin, including skin physiology, skin manifestations of obesity, and dermatologic diseases aggravated by obesity. Obesity is responsible for changes in skin barrier function, sebaceous glands and sebum production, sweat glands, lymphatics, collagen structure and function, wound healing, microcirculation and macrocirculation, and subcutaneous fat. Moreover, obesity is implicated in a wide spectrum of dermatologic diseases, including acanthosis nigricans, acrochordons, keratosis pilaris, hyperandrogenism and hirsutism, striae distensae, adiposis dolorosa, and fat redistribution, lymphedema, chronic venous insufficiency, plantar hyperkeratosis, cellulitis, skin infections, hidradenitis suppurativa, psoriasis, insulin resistance syndrome, and tophaceous gout. We review the clinical features, evidence for association with obesity, and management of these various dermatoses and highlight the profound impact of obesity in clinical dermatology.Learning objective After completing this learning activity, participants should be aware of obesity-associated changes in skin physiology, skin manifestations of obesity, and dermatologic diseases aggravated by obesity, and be able to formulate a pathophysiology-based treatment strategy for obesity-associated dermatoses.
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“Obesity alters several key dermal parameters: increased dermal thickness, greater trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), reduced capillary density, and increased depth of arteries such as the radial artery.”
From PPG-Based Heart Rate Accuracy in Hispanic Adults with Fitzpatrick III–V Skin Tones: An Evaluation of Body Composition and Skin-Tone Effects (2026) · cites this paper as [17]
In the citing paper
“Physiological changes that occur in individuals with obesity may increase the measurement uncertainties, and optical means for monitoring blood pressure will have to account for obesity-related changes to the skin optical properties12 and increased subcutaneous tissue thickness.”
From Synthetic photoplethysmography (PPG) of the radial artery through parallelized Monte Carlo and its correlation to body mass index (BMI) (2021) · cites this paper as [12]
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“HS belongs to the skin diseases where obesity has been shown to play a significant role (Revuz, 2009), especially when it comes to aggravation of HS (Yosipovitch et al., 2007).”
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“skin physiology has been recognised before (Yosipovitch et al., 2007), but the”
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“These include: acanthosis nigricans, skin tags, hisrutism, (ovarian hyperandrogenism), and androgenetic alopecia (Table 1) [10].”
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“and all ethnic groups are affected by obesity at all ages [99] and obesity is associated with lower life expectancy because of a dramatic increase”
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Endocrinologic Aspects of Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Karagiannidis, I., Nikolakis, G. D., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2015) · Dermatologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.det.2015.08.005 · Cited by 61
Rajkumar, P. B. H. (2013) · Endocrinology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.4172/2161-1017.1000113 · Cited by 59
“Obesity leads to a wide range of skin diseases [52].”
BackgroundThe Role of Adipocytes in Tissue Regeneration and Stem Cell Niches
Shook, B. A., Rivera-Gonzalez, G. C., Ebmeier, S., Grisotti, G., Zwick, R. K., & Horsley, V. (2016) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-111315-125426 · Cited by 59
“…the direct contribution of dWAT is unknown, obese individuals have a greater risk of acquiring many different cutaneous diseases, including ulceration, infection, and a diminished capacity to heal wounds (Frank et al. 2000, Guilherme et al. 2008, Shipman & Millington 2011, Yosipovitch et al. 2007).”
BackgroundPitts, S. I., Maruthur, N. M., Langley, G., Pondo, T., Shutt, K. A., Hollick, R., Schrag, S. J., Thomas, A. R., Nichols, M. C., Farley, M. M., et al. (2018) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofy030 · Cited by 57
Risk Factors for Complications after Reduction Mammoplasty: A Meta-Analysis
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“, 2009), skin problems (Yosipovitch et al., 2007), infertility (Bazzano et al.”
BackgroundNutrition and nutritional supplementation
Piccardi, N., & Manissier, P. (2009) · Dermato-Endocrinology · doi:10.4161/derm.1.5.9706 · Cited by 56
“Finally, obesity is associated with a number of dermatoses such as acanthosis nigricans, acrochordons and keratosis pilaris.(12) Wound healing is a complex phenomenon involving interactions between different cells type, cytokine, and the extracellular matrix.”
BackgroundChin, S. J., Moore, G. A., Zhang, M., Clarke, H. D., Spangehl, M. J., & Young, S. W. (2018) · The Journal of Arthroplasty · doi:10.1016/j.arth.2018.03.013 · Cited by 55
Body mass index and risk of infections: a Mendelian randomization study of 101,447 individuals
Winther‐Jensen, M., Afzal, S., Jess, T., Nordestgaard, B. G., & Allin, K. H. (2020) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-020-00630-7 · Cited by 54
Hidradenitis suppurativa: a disease with male predominance in Tunisia.
Mebazâa, A., Hadid, R. B., Rouhou, R. C., Trojjet, S., Euch, D. E., Mokni, M., Zitouna, M., & Osman, A. B. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 52
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“However, treatment with oral contraceptives or 5 -reductase inhibitors has not achieved the expected results, and furthermore, the hyperandrogenism hypothesis is not supported by results from hormonal studies in patients with HS.(47) d) Tight-fitting clothes.”
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Distinguishing cellulitis from its mimics
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Striae Distensae: Preventative and Therapeutic Modalities to Improve Aesthetic Appearance
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“This theory is supportedby clinical scenarios including pregnancy, high body mass index, and high neonatal birth weight, all of which increase the risk of SG formation.(26,56,57)”
BackgroundA 30-day risk assessment of mastectomy alone compared to immediate breast reconstruction (IBR)
Fischer, J. P., Tuggle, C. T., Au, A., & Kovach, S. J. (2013) · Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery · doi:10.3109/2000656x.2013.865633 · Cited by 50
Cellulitis risk factors for patients with primary or secondary lymphedema
Vignes, S., Poizeau, F., & Dupuy, A. (2021) · Journal of Vascular Surgery Venous and Lymphatic Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jvsv.2021.04.009 · Cited by 50
Updated antimicrobial dosing recommendations for obese patients
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Treatment of striae distensae with a TriPollar radiofrequency device: A pilot study
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“Excessive weight also stresses the respiratory system, increases soft tissue burden, and impairs skin and urinary tract hygiene [6, 7].”
BackgroundThe Effects of Facial Lipografting on Skin Quality: A Systematic Review
van Dongen, J. A., Langeveld, M., van de Lande, L. S., Harmsen, M. C., Stevens, H. P. J. D., & van der Lei, B. (2019) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000006147 · Cited by 50
Psoríase e obesidade: revisão de literatura e recomendações no manejo
Duarte, G. V., Follador, I., Cavalheiro, C. M. A., Silva, T. S., & de Oliveira, M. D. F. S. P. (2010) · Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia · doi:10.1590/s0365-05962010000300009 · Cited by 44
Going into surgery: Risk factors for hypertrophic scarring
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“In contrast, several authors report that fat cells even inhibit fibroblast proliferation and decrease collagen deposition.(23) Table 4.”
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Verma, S. B., & Wollina, U. (2010) · American Journal of Clinical Dermatology · doi:10.2165/11537000-000000000-00000 · Cited by 42
Skin Disorders Associated with Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Population‐Based Study
Mirmirani, P., & Carpenter, D. M. (2013) · Pediatric Dermatology · doi:10.1111/pde.12271 · Cited by 40
“Keratinocytes and fibroblasts express insulin-like growth factor receptor, which when stimulated can lead to hyperproliferative effects and cutaneous changes such as acanthosis nigricans and acrochordons (4,14).”
BackgroundWoodruff, C. M., Charlie, A. M., & Leslie, K. S. (2015) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.08.020 · Cited by 40
Çakıt, B. D., Vural, S. P., & Ayhan, F. F. (2018) · Lymphatic Research and Biology · doi:10.1089/lrb.2017.0086 · Cited by 39
“21 These factors may explain the increased tendency to develop cellulitis in obese patients.”
Acanthosis nigricans: To be or not to be afraid (Review)
Popa, M.-L., Popa, A., Tănase, C., & Gheorghișan-Gălățeanu, A.-A. (2018) · Oncology Letters · doi:10.3892/ol.2018.9736 · Cited by 39
“The association of AN with rare diseases such as pinealoma, Cushing pituitary basophilism, ovarian hyperthecosis, stromal luteoma, ovarian dermoid cysts, Prader-Willi syndrome, leprechaunism, lipoatrophic diabetes, pineal hyperplasia syndrome, and Alstrom syndrome has also been described (33-40).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Yosipovitch, G., DeVore, A., & Dawn, A.
- Affiliations
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
- Corresponding author
- Yosipovitch, Gil
- ORCID
- Yosipovitch, Gil
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-06
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 901-916
- ISSN
- 0190-9622 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2009476361
- Semantic Scholar
- b5f800df723da429743687ae8b6b272a5e4772cb
- Cited by
- 524
- References
- 226
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 4.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Diseases and Diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity and Health Practices
- Keywords
- obesity, skin barrier function, sebum production, sweat glands, collagen, wound healing, subcutaneous adipose tissue, acanthosis nigricans, acrochordons, keratosis pilaris, hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, striae, adiposis dolorosa, lymphedema, chronic venous insufficiency, plantar hyperkeratosis, cellulitis, skin infections, hidradenitis suppurativa, psoriasis, metabolic syndrome, tophaceous gout
- MeSH terms
- Acanthosis Nigricans, Adiposis Dolorosa, Animals, Chronic Disease, Elasticity, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Intertrigo, Lymphedema, Microcirculation, Obesity, Pro-Opiomelanocortin, Psoriasis, Sebaceous Glands, Skin Diseases, Venous Insufficiency, Comorbidity, Hidradenitis Suppurativa, Fasciitis, Necrotizing
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