Leptin Resistance

Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue

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Inflammation, Atherosclerosis, and Coronary Artery Disease

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Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States, 1999-2004

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Serum Immunoreactive-Leptin Concentrations in Normal-Weight and Obese Humans

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Leptin and the regulation of body weight in mammals

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C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin 6, and Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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Effects of the obese Gene Product on Body Weight Regulation in ob / ob Mice

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Identification and expression cloning of a leptin receptor, OB-R.

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European Guidelines for Obesity Management in Adults

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Adipocytokines: mediators linking adipose tissue, inflammation and immunity

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Plasma Concentration of Interleukin-6 and the Risk of Future Myocardial Infarction Among Apparently Healthy Men

Ridker, P. M., Rifai, N., Stampfer, M. J., & Hennekens, C. H. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.101.15.1767 · Cited by 2,429

Abnormal splicing of the leptin receptor in diabetic mice

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Evidence That the Diabetes Gene Encodes the Leptin Receptor: Identification of a Mutation in the Leptin Receptor Gene in db/db Mice

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Leptin modulates the T-cell immune response and reverses starvation-induced immunosuppression

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A family of cytokine-inducible inhibitors of signalling

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Effects of Recombinant Leptin Therapy in a Child with Congenital Leptin Deficiency

Farooqi, I. S., Jebb, S. A., Langmack, G., Lawrence, E., Cheetham, C. H., Prentice, A. M., Hughes, I. A., McCamish, M. A., & O'Rahilly, S. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199909163411204 · Cited by 1,998

Leptin

Ahima, R. S., & Flier, J. S. (2000) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.62.1.413 · Cited by 1,428

Recombinant Leptin for Weight Loss in Obese and Lean Adults: A Randomized, Controlled, Dose-Escalation Trial

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A new protein containing an SH2 domain that inhibits JAK kinases

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Beneficial effects of leptin on obesity, T cell hyporesponsiveness, and neuroendocrine/metabolic dysfunction of human congenital leptin deficiency

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Leptin-Replacement Therapy for Lipodystrophy

Oral, E. A., Simha, V., Ruiz, E., Andewelt, A., Premkumar, A., Snell, P., Wagner, A. J., DePaoli, A. M., Reitman, M. L., Taylor, S. I., et al. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa012437 · Cited by 1,247

Leptin enters the brain by a saturable system independent of insulin

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Inflammatory Markers and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Men and Women

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Beneficial effects of leptin on obesity, T cell hyporesponsiveness, and neuroendocrine/metabolic dysfunction of human congenital leptin deficiency

Farooqi, I. S., Matarese, G., Lord, G. M., Keogh, J. M., Lawrence, E., Agwu, C., Sanna, V., Jebb, S. A., Perna, F., Fontana, S., et al. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci0215693 · Cited by 1,105

OBESE, A NEW MUTATION IN THE HOUSE MOUSE*

INGALLS, A. M., DICKIE, M. M., & SNELL, G. D. (1950) · Journal of Heredity · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a106073 · Cited by 1,090

Structure and function of a new STAT-induced STAT inhibitor

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Leptin: a review of its peripheral actions and interactions

Margetic, S., Gazzola, C., Pegg, G. G., & Hill, R. (2002) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802142 · Cited by 1,022

Cerebrospinal fluid leptin levels: Relationship to plasma levels and to adiposity in humans

Schwartz, M. W., Peskind, E., Raskind, M., Boyko, E. J., & Porte, D. (1996) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0596-589 · Cited by 1,014

Identification of SOCS-3 as a Potential Mediator of Central Leptin Resistance

Bjørbæk, C., Elmquist, J. K., Frantz, J. D., Shoelson, S. E., & Flier, J. S. (1998) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80062-3 · Cited by 1,014

Elevation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Increased Risk of Recurrent Coronary Events After Myocardial Infarction

Ridker, P. M., Rifai, N., Pfeffer, M., Sacks, F., Lepage, S., & Braunwald, E. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.101.18.2149 · Cited by 934

Divergent Signaling Capacities of the Long and Short Isoforms of the Leptin Receptor

Bjørbæk, C., Uotani, S., da Silva, B., & Flier, J. S. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.51.32686 · Cited by 890

Endotoxin and cytokines induce expression of leptin, the ob gene product, in hamsters.

Grünfeld, C., Zhao, C., Fuller, J., Pollack, A., Moser, A. H., Friedman, J. M., & Kr, F. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118653 · Cited by 871

The full-length leptin receptor has signaling capabilities of interleukin 6-type cytokine receptors.

Baumann, H., Morella, K. K., White, D. W., Dembski, M., Bailon, P., Kim, H., Lai, C. F., & Tartaglia, L. A. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.16.8374 · Cited by 827

Plasma Leptin and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (WOSCOPS)

Wallace, A. M., McMahon, A. D., Packard, C. J., Kelly, A., Shepherd, J., Gaw, A., & Sattar, N. A. (2001) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/hc5001.101061 · Cited by 821

Diet-induced obese mice develop peripheral, but not central, resistance to leptin.

van Heek, M., Compton, D. S., France, C. F., Tedesco, R. P., Fawzi, A. B., Graziano, M. P., Sybertz, E. J., Strader, C. D., & Davis, H. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119171 · Cited by 765

Human Leptin Deficiency Caused by a Missense Mutation: Multiple Endocrine Defects, Decreased Sympathetic Tone, and Immune System Dysfunction Indicate New Targets for Leptin Action, Greater Central than Peripheral Resistance to the Effects of Leptin, and Spontaneous Correction of Leptin-Mediated Defects

Ozata, M., Ozdemir, I. C., & Licinio, J. (1999) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.84.10.5999 · Cited by 739

Region-Specific Leptin Resistance within the Hypothalamus of Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Münzberg, H., Flier, J. S., & Bjørbæk, C. (2004) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2004-0726 · Cited by 737

Effects of parabiosis of obese with diabetes and normal mice.

Coleman, D. L. (1973) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf01221857 · Cited by 729

Acute stimulation of glucose metabolism in mice by leptin treatment

Kamohara, S., Burcelin, R., Halaas, J. L., Friedman, J. M., & Charron, M. J. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/38717 · Cited by 708

Crystal structure of the obese protein Ieptin-E100

Zhang, F. P. Y., Basinski, M. B., Beals, J. M., Briggs, S., Churgay, L. M., Clawson, D. K., DiMarchi, R. D., Furman, T. C., Hale, J. E., Hsiung, H. M., et al. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/387206a0 · Cited by 683

The role of SOCS-3 in leptin signaling and leptin resistance

Bjørbæk, C., El-Haschimi, K., Frantz, J. D., & Flier, J. S. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.42.30059 · Cited by 639

Obesity‐induced inflammation: a metabolic dialogue in the language of inflammation

Ferrante, A. W. (2007) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01852.x · Cited by 627

Leptin Induces Mitochondrial Superoxide Production and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Expression in Aortic Endothelial Cells by Increasing Fatty Acid Oxidation via Protein Kinase A

Yamagishi, S., Edelstein, D., Du, X.-L., Kaneda, Y., Guzmán, M., & Brownlee, M. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m007383200 · Cited by 622

Inflammatory Cytokines Stimulated C-Reactive Protein Production by Human Coronary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells

Calabrò, P., Willerson, J. T., & Yeh, E. T. H. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000096055.62724.c5 · Cited by 566

Expression of ob mRNA and its encoded protein in rodents. Impact of nutrition and obesity.

Frederich, R. C., Löllmann, B., Hamann, A., Napolitano-Rosen, A., Kahn, B. B., Lowell, B. B., & Flier, J. S. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118206 · Cited by 549

Attenuation of Leptin Action and Regulation of Obesity by Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B

Cheng, A., Uetani, N., Simoncic, P. D., Chaubey, V. P., Lee-Loy, A., McGlade, C. J., Kennedy, B. P., & Tremblay, M. L. (2002) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/s1534-5807(02)00149-1 · Cited by 545

Prospective Study of C-Reactive Protein in Relation to the Development of Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome in the Mexico City Diabetes Study

Han, T. S., Sattar, N. A., Williams, K., González‐Villalpando, C., Lean, M. E. J., & Haffner, S. M. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.11.2016 · Cited by 512

The Metabolic Significance of Leptin in Humans: Gender-Based Differences in Relationship to Adiposity, Insulin Sensitivity, and Energy Expenditure

Kennedy, A., Gettys, T. W., Watson, P. M., Wallace, P., Ganaway, E., Qin, P., & Garvey, W. T. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.4.3859 · Cited by 508

Phenotypic effects of leptin replacement on morbid obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypogonadism, and behavior in leptin-deficient adults

Licinio, J., Caglayan, S., Ozata, M., Yildiz, B. O., de Miranda, P. B., O'Kirwan, F., Whitby, R., Liang, L., Cohen, P., Bhasin, S., et al. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0308767101 · Cited by 505

Leptin and atherosclerosis

Bełtowski, J. (2006) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.03.003 · Cited by 484

Relationship of plasma leptin to plasma insulin and adiposity in normal weight and overweight women: effects of dietary fat content and sustained weight loss

Havel, P. J., Kasim-karakas, S., Mueller, W. M., Johnson, P. R., Gingerich, R. L., & Stern, J. S. (1996) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.81.12.8954050 · Cited by 412

Plasma Leptin Levels Are Increased in Survivors of Acute Sepsis: Associated Loss of Diurnal Rhythm in Cortisol and Leptin Secretion

Bornstein, S. R., Licinio, J., Tauchnitz, R., Engelmann, L., Negrão, A., Gold, P. W., & Chrousos, G. P. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.83.1.4610 · Cited by 411

Leptin-dependent platelet aggregation and arterial thrombosis suggests a mechanism for atherothrombotic disease in obesity

Konstantinides, S., Schäfer, K., Koschnick, S., & Loskutoff, D. J. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci13143 · Cited by 376

Expression of Leptin Receptor Isoforms in Rat Brain Microvessels

Bjørbæk, C., Elmquist, J. K., Michl, P., Ahima, R. S., Bueren, A. M. V., McCall, A. L., & Flier, J. S. (1998) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.139.8.6154 · Cited by 357

Leptin is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction

Söderberg, S., Åhrén, B., Jansson, J., Johnson, O., Hallmans, G., Asplund, K., & Olsson, T. (1999) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.1999.00571.x · Cited by 356

Evidence against either a premature stop codon or the absence of obese gene mRNA in human obesity.

Considine, R. V., Considine, E. L., Williams, C. J., Nyce, M. R., Magosin, S., BAUER, T. L., Rosato, E., Colberg, J. E., & Caro, J. F. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118007 · Cited by 353

Leptin Signaling and Obesity

Yang, R., & Barouch, L. A. (2007) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.107.156596 · Cited by 334

Induction of leptin resistance through direct interaction of C-reactive protein with leptin

Chen, K., Li, F., Li, J., Cai, H., Strom, S., Bisello, A., Kelley, D. E., Friedman-Einat, M., Skibinski, G. A., McCrory, M. A., et al. (2006) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1372 · Cited by 325

Role of Selective Leptin Resistance in Diet-Induced Obesity Hypertension

Rahmouni, K., Morgan, D. A., Morgan, G. M., Mark, A. L., & Haynes, W. G. (2005) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.7.2012 · Cited by 319

Short Term Effects of Leptin on Hepatic Gluconeogenesis and in Vivo Insulin Action

Rossetti, L., Massillon, D., Barzilai, N., Vuguin, P., Chen, W., Hawkins, M., Wu, J., & Wang, J. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.44.27758 · Cited by 304

Soluble Leptin Receptor Represents the Main Leptin Binding Activity in Human Blood

Lammert, A., Kiess, W., Böttner, A., Glasow, A., & Kratzsch, J. (2001) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.4885 · Cited by 297

Effects of prolonged hyperinsulinemia on serum leptin in normal human subjects.

Boden, G., Chen, X., Kolaczynski, J. W., & Polansky, M. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119621 · Cited by 284

Leptin Suppression of Insulin Secretion and Gene Expression in Human Pancreatic Islets: Implications for the Development of Adipogenic Diabetes Mellitus1

Seufert, J., Kieffer, T. J., Leech, C. A., Holz, G. G., Moritz, W., Ricordi, C., & Habener, J. F. (1999) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.84.2.5460 · Cited by 278

Liporegulation in Diet-induced Obesity

Lee, Y., Wang, M.-Y., Kakuma, T., Wang, Z.-W., Babcock, E. E., McCorkle, K., Higa, M., Zhou, Y.-T., & Unger, R. H. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m008553200 · Cited by 269

Independent Association Between Plasma Leptin and C-Reactive Protein in Healthy Humans

Shamsuzzaman, A., Winnicki, M., Wolk, R. A., Svatikova, A., Phillips, B. G., Davison, D. E., Berger, P. B., & Somers, V. K. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000127960.28627.75 · Cited by 262

Endogenous Hormones and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Elderly Men

van den Beld, A. W. (2002) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwf160 · Cited by 262

The role of leptin in leptin resistance and obesity

Zhang, Y., & Scarpace, P. J. (2006) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.05.038 · Cited by 259

Role of leptin in immunity.

Lam, Q. L. K., & Lu, L. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 247

Leptin promotes aggregation of human platelets via the long form of its receptor.

Nakata, M., Yada, T., Soejima, N., & Maruyama, I. (1999) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.48.2.426 · Cited by 244

Plasma leptin and prognosis in patients with established coronary atherosclerosis

Wolk, R. A., Berger, P. B., Lennon, R. J., Brilakis, E. S., Johnson, B. D., & Somers, V. K. (2004) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.07.050 · Cited by 235

Effect of Leptin on Arterial Thrombosis Following Vascular Injury in Mice

Bodary, P. F. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.13.1706 · Cited by 225

High Plasma Immunoreactive Leptin Level in Essential Hypertension

Agata, J. (1997) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(97)00310-5 · Cited by 224

Role of leptin in blood pressure regulation and arterial hypertension

Bełtowski, J. (2006) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/01.hjh.0000222743.06584.66 · Cited by 220

The Concept of Selective Leptin Resistance

Correia, M. L. G., Haynes, W. G., Rahmouni, K., Morgan, D. A., Sivitz, W. I., & Mark, A. L. (2002) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.2.439 · Cited by 218

Plasma Leptin Levels Are Associated with Coronary Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes

Reilly, M. P., Iqbal, N., Schutta, M. H., Wolfe, M. L., Scally, M., Localio, A. R., Rader, D. J., & Kimmel, S. E. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031676 · Cited by 216

Selective leptin resistance: a new concept in leptin physiology with cardiovascular implications

Mark, A. L., Correia, M. L. G., Rahmouni, K., & Haynes, W. G. (2002) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200207000-00001 · Cited by 215

A Prospective Study of Inflammatory Cytokines and Diabetes Mellitus in a Multiethnic Cohort of Postmenopausal Women

Liu, S. (2007) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.167.15.1676 · Cited by 198

The role of leptin in leptin resistance and obesity

Enriori, P. J., Evans, A. E., Sinnayah, P., & Cowley, M. A. (2006) · Obesity · Cited by 197

Plasma leptin is independently associated with the intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery

Ciccone, M. M., Vettor, R., Pannacciulli, N., Minenna, A., Bellacicco, M., RIZZON, P., GIORGINO, R., & Pergola, G. D. (2001) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801623 · Cited by 195

Detection and Quantification of the Leptin Receptor Splice Variants Ob-Ra, b, and, e in Different Mouse Tissues

Löllmann, B., Grueninger, S., Stricker‐Krongrad, A., & Chiesi, M. (1997) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.7205 · Cited by 194

Association of Insulin Resistance, Hyperleptinemia, and Impaired Nitric Oxide Release With In-Stent Restenosis in Patients Undergoing Coronary Stenting

Piatti, P., Mario, C. D., Monti, L. D., Fragasso, G., Sgura, F. A., Caumo, A., Setola, E., Lucotti, P., Galluccio, E., Ronchi, C. L., et al. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000095272.67948.17 · Cited by 192

Leptin Is a Risk Marker for First-Ever Hemorrhagic Stroke in a Population-Based Cohort

Söderberg, S., Åhrén, B., Stegmayr, B., Johnson, O., Wiklund, P.-G., Weinehall, L., Hallmans, G., & Olsson, T. (1999) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.30.2.328 · Cited by 176

Leptin, but not adiponectin, predicts stroke in males

Söderberg, S., Stegmayr, B. G., Stenlund, H. C., Sjöström, L., Ågren, Å., Johansson, L. O. M., Weinehall, L., & Olsson, T. (2004) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01351.x · Cited by 167

Relationship between Concentration of Serum Leptin and Fetal Growth

Harigaya, A., Nagashima, K., Nako, Y., & Morikawa, A. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.10.4321 · Cited by 160

Plasma Leptin Level Is Associated With Myocardial Wall Thickness in Hypertensive Insulin-Resistant Men

Paolisso, G., Tagliamonte, M. R., Galderisi, M., Zito, G. A., Petrocelli, A., Carella, C., DIVITIIS, O. D., & Varricchio, M. (1999) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.34.5.1047 · Cited by 156

Hypothalamic leptin resistance is associated with impaired leptin signal transduction in aged obese rats

Scarpace, P. J., Matheny, M. E., & Tümer, N. (2001) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00142-7 · Cited by 155

Relationship between angiotensinogen, leptin and blood pressure levels in young normotensive men

Schorr, U., Blaschke, K., Turan, S., Distler, A., & Sharma, A. M. (1998) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-199816100-00011 · Cited by 141

Leptin Induces C-Reactive Protein Expression in Vascular Endothelial Cells

Singh, P., Hoffmann, M., Wolk, R. A., Shamsuzzaman, A., & Somers, V. K. (2007) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.107.148353 · Cited by 140

Adipokines, Insulin Resistance, and Coronary Artery Calcification

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Plasma insulin, leptin, and soluble TNF receptors levels in relation to obesity-related atherogenic and thrombogenic cardiovascular disease risk factors among men

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