Leptin

Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue

Zhang, Y., Proenca, R., Maffei, M., Barone, M., Leopold, L., & Friedman, J. M. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/372425a0 · Cited by 13,419 · see citing works

Serum Immunoreactive-Leptin Concentrations in Normal-Weight and Obese Humans

Considine, R. V., Sinha, M. K., Heiman, M. L., Kriauciunas, A., Stephens, T. W., Nyce, M. R., Ohannesian, J. P., Marco, C. C., McKee, L. J., Bauer, T. L., et al. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199602013340503 · Cited by 6,326 · see citing works

Leptin and the regulation of body weight in mammals

Friedman, J. M., & Halaas, J. L. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/27376 · Cited by 5,405 · see citing works

Weight-Reducing Effects of the Plasma Protein Encoded by the <i>obese</i> Gene

Halaas, J. L., Gajiwala, K. S., Maffei, M., Cohen, S. L., Chait, B. T., Rabinowitz, D., Lallone, R. L., Burley, S. K., & Friedman, J. M. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7624777 · Cited by 4,451 · see citing works

Effects of the <i>obese</i> Gene Product on Body Weight Regulation in <i>ob</i> / <i>ob</i> Mice

Pelleymounter, M. A., Cullen, M. J., Baker, M. B., Hecht, R., Winters, D., Boone, T., & Collins, F. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7624776 · Cited by 4,017 · see citing works

Leptin levels in human and rodent: Measurement of plasma leptin and ob RNA in obese and weight-reduced subjects

Maffei, M., Halaas, J., Ravussin, E., Pratley, R. E., Lee, G. H., Zhang, Y., Fei, H., Kim, S., Lallone, R., Ranganathan, S., et al. (1995) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1195-1155 · Cited by 3,725 · see citing works

Identification and expression cloning of a leptin receptor, OB-R.

Tartaglia, L. A., Dembski, M., Weng, X., Deng, N., Culpepper, J., Devos, R., Richards, G. J., Campfield, L. A., Clark, F. T., Deeds, J., et al. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90151-5 · Cited by 3,496 · see citing works

Recombinant Mouse OB Protein: Evidence for a Peripheral Signal Linking Adiposity and Central Neural Networks

Campfield, L. A., Smith, F. J., Guisez, Y., Devos, R., & Burn, P. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7624778 · Cited by 3,243 · see citing works

Role of leptin in the neuroendocrine response to fasting

Ahima, R. S., Prabakaran, D., Mantzoros, C., Qu, D., Lowell, B., Maratos-Flier, E., & Flier, J. S. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/382250a0 · Cited by 3,117 · see citing works

Congenital leptin deficiency is associated with severe early-onset obesity in humans

Montague, C. T., Farooqi, I. S., Whitehead, J. P., Soos, M. A., Rau, H., Wareham, N. J., Sewter, C. P., Digby, J. E., Mohammed, S. N., Hurst, J. A., et al. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/43185 · Cited by 2,936 · see citing works

A mutation in the human leptin receptor gene causes obesity and pituitary dysfunction

Clément, K., Vaisse, C., Lahlou, N., Cabrol, S., Pelloux, V., Cassuto, D., Gourmelen, M., Dina, C., Chambaz, J., Lacorte, J.-M., et al. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/32911 · Cited by 2,346 · see citing works

Abnormal splicing of the leptin receptor in diabetic mice

Lee, G.-H., Proenca, R., Montez, J. M., Carroll, K. M., Darvishzadeh, J. G., Lee, J. I., & Friedman, J. M. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/379632a0 · Cited by 2,327 · see citing works

Role of melanocortinergic neurons in feeding and the agouti obesity syndrome

Fan, W., Boston, B. A., Kesterson, R. A., Hruby, V. J., & Cone, R. D. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/385165a0 · Cited by 1,902 · see citing works

Leptin levels reflect body lipid content in mice: Evidence for diet-induced resistance to leptin action

Frederich, R. C., Hamann, A., Anderson, S., Löllmann, B., Lowell, B. B., & Flier, J. S. (1995) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1295-1311 · Cited by 1,660 · see citing works

Correction of the sterility defect in homozygous obese female mice by treatment with the human recombinant leptin

Chehab, F. F., Lim, M. E., & Lu, R. (1996) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0396-318 · Cited by 1,476 · see citing works

Identification of targets of leptin action in rat hypothalamus.

Schwartz, M. W., Seeley, R. J., Campfield, L. A., Burn, P., & Baskin, D. G. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118891 · Cited by 1,475 · see citing works

The role of depot fat in the hypothalamic control of food intake in the rat

Gc, K. (1953) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1953.0009 · Cited by 1,432 · see citing works

Biological Action of Leptin as an Angiogenic Factor

Sierra-Honigmann, M. R., Nath, A. K., Murakami, C., García‐Cardeña, G., Papapetropoulos, A., Sessa, W. C., Madge, L. A., Schechner, J. S., Schwabb, M. B., Polverini, P. J., et al. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.281.5383.1683 · Cited by 1,371 · see citing works

The Leptin Receptor

Tartaglia, L. A. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.10.6093 · Cited by 1,289 · see citing works

Hypothalamic CART is a new anorectic peptide regulated by leptin

Kristensen, P. L., Judge, M. E., Thim, L., Ribel, U., Christjansen, K. N., Wulff, B. S., Clausen, J. T., Jensen, P. B., Madsen, O. D., Vrang, N., et al. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/29993 · Cited by 1,282 · see citing works

Nonadipose tissue production of leptin: Leptin as a novel placenta-derived hormone in humans

Masuzaki, H., Ogawa, Y., Sagawa, N., Hosoda, K., Matsumoto, T., Mise, H., Nishimura, H., Yoshimasa, Y., Tanaka, I., Mori, T., et al. (1997) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0997-1029 · Cited by 1,277 · see citing works

Adipogenesis and Obesity: Rounding Out the Big Picture

Spiegelman, B. M., & Flier, J. S. (1996) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81359-8 · Cited by 1,254 · see citing works

Leptin enters the brain by a saturable system independent of insulin

Banks, W. A., Kastin, A. J., Huang, W., Jaspan, J. B., & Maness, L. M. (1996) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/0196-9781(96)00025-3 · Cited by 1,222 · see citing works

The stomach is a source of leptin

Bado, A., Levasseur, S., Attoub, S., Kermorgant, S., Laigneau, J., Bortoluzzi, M.-N., Moizo, L., Lehy, T., Guerre-Millo, M., MARCHAND‐BRUSTEL, Y. L., et al. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/29547 · Cited by 1,220 · see citing works

Decreased cerebrospinal-fluid/serum leptin ratio in obesity: a possible mechanism for leptin resistance

Caro, J. F., Kolaczynski, J. W., Nyce, M. R., Ohannesian, J. P., Opentanova, I., Goldman, W. H., Lynn, R. B., Zhang, P.-L., Sinha, M. K., & Considine, R. V. (1996) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)03173-x · Cited by 1,175 · see citing works

From Lesions to Leptin

Elmquist, J. K., Elias, C. F., & Saper, C. B. (1999) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)81084-3 · Cited by 1,160 · see citing works

A leptin missense mutation associated with hypogonadism and morbid obesity

Strobel, A., Issad, T., Camoin, L., Ozata, M., & Strosberg, A. D. (1998) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0398-213 · Cited by 1,158 · see citing works

Mice lacking melanin-concentrating hormone are hypophagic and lean

Shimada, M., Tritos, N. A., Lowell, B. B., Flier, J. S., & Maratos–Flier, E. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/25341 · Cited by 1,152 · see citing works

Hypothalamic and genetic obesity in experimental animals: an autonomic and endocrine hypothesis

Bray, G. A., & York, D. A. (1979) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1979.59.3.719 · Cited by 1,132 · see citing works

Transient increase in obese gene expression after food intake or insulin administration

Saladin, R., Vos, P. D., Guerre-Millo, M., Leturque, A., Girard, J. R., Staels, B., & Auwerx, J. H. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/377527a0 · Cited by 1,093 · see citing works

OBESE, A NEW MUTATION IN THE HOUSE MOUSE*

INGALLS, A. M., DICKIE, M. M., & SNELL, G. D. (1950) · Journal of Heredity · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a106073 · Cited by 1,090 · see citing works

Leptin activation of Stat3 in the hypothalamus of wild-type and ob/ob mice but not db/db mice.

Vaisse, C., Halaas, J. L., Horvath, C. M., Darnell, J. E., Stoffel, M., & Friedman, J. M. (1996) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0996-95 · Cited by 1,086 · see citing works

Phenotypes of Mouse diabetes and Rat fatty Due to Mutations in the OB (Leptin) Receptor

Chua, S. C., Chung, W. K., Wu-Peng, X. S., Zhang, Y., Liu, S.-M., Tartaglia, L. A., & Leibel, R. L. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.271.5251.994 · Cited by 1,071 · see citing works

Hormone-fuel interrelationships during fasting.

Cahill, G. F., Herrera, M. G., Morgan, A. P., Soeldner, J. S., Steinke, J., Levy, P. L., Reichard, G. A., & Kipnis, D. M. (1966) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci105481 · Cited by 1,036 · see citing works

Physiological response to long-term peripheral and central leptin infusion in lean and obese mice.

Halaas, J. L., Boozer, C., Blair-West, J., Fidahusein, N., Denton, D. A., & Friedman, J. M. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.16.8878 · Cited by 1,033 · see citing works

Hypothalamic lesions and adiposity in the rat

Hetherington, A. W., & Ranson, S. W. (1940) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.1090780203 · Cited by 1,028 · see citing works

Cerebrospinal fluid leptin levels: Relationship to plasma levels and to adiposity in humans

Schwartz, M. W., Peskind, E., Raskind, M., Boyko, E. J., & Porte, D. (1996) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0596-589 · Cited by 1,014 · see citing works

Identification of SOCS-3 as a Potential Mediator of Central Leptin Resistance

Bjørbæk, C., Elmquist, J. K., Frantz, J. D., Shoelson, S. E., & Flier, J. S. (1998) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80062-3 · Cited by 1,014 · see citing works

Sensitivity to leptin and susceptibility to seizures of mice lacking neuropeptide Y

Erickson, J. C., Clegg, K. E., & Palmiter, R. D. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/381415a0 · Cited by 1,009 · see citing works

Divergent Signaling Capacities of the Long and Short Isoforms of the Leptin Receptor

Bjørbæk, C., Uotani, S., da Silva, B., & Flier, J. S. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.51.32686 · Cited by 890 · see citing works

Localization of leptin receptor mRNA and the long form splice variant (Ob‐Rb) in mouse hypothalamus and adjacent brain regions by in situ hybridization

Mercer, J. G., Hoggard, N., Williams, L. M., Lawrence, C. B., Hannah, L. T., & Trayhurn, P. (1996) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00473-5 · Cited by 880 · see citing works

Endotoxin and cytokines induce expression of leptin, the ob gene product, in hamsters.

Grünfeld, C., Zhao, C., Fuller, J., Pollack, A., Moser, A. H., Friedman, J. M., & Kr, F. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118653 · Cited by 862 · see citing works

A nutrient-sensing pathway regulates leptin gene expression in muscle and fat

Wang, J., Liu, R., Hawkins, M. A., Barzilai, N., & Rossetti, L. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/31474 · Cited by 823 · see citing works

Early onset of reproductive function in normal female mice treated with leptin

Chehab, F. F., Mounzih, K., Lu, R., & Lim, M. E. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.275.5296.88 · Cited by 822 · see citing works

Effects of gender, body composition, and menopause on plasma concentrations of leptin.

Rosenbaum, M., Nicolson, M., Hirsch, J., Heymsfield, S. B., Gallagher, D., Chu, F., & Leibel, R. L. (1996) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.81.9.8784109 · Cited by 810 · see citing works

Effect of fasting on serum leptin in normal human subjects

Boden, G. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.81.9.3419 · Cited by 809 · see citing works

Insulin in the Brain: A Hormonal Regulator of Energy Balance*

Schwartz, M. W., Figlewicz, D. P., Baskin, D. G., Woods, S. C., & Porte, D. (1992) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-13-3-387 · Cited by 808 · see citing works

Attenuation of the Obesity Syndrome of ob/ob Mice by the Loss of Neuropeptide Y

Erickson, J. C., Hollopeter, G., & Palmiter, R. D. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.274.5293.1704 · Cited by 794 · see citing works

Defective STAT signaling by the leptin receptor in diabetic mice.

Ghilardi, N., Ziegler, S., Wiestner, A. C., Stoffel, R., Heim, M. H., & Skoda, R. C. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.13.6231 · Cited by 793 · see citing works

Multiple Cytokines and Acute Inflammation Raise Mouse Leptin Levels: Potential Role in Inflammatory Anorexia

Sarraf, P., Frederich, R. C., Turner, E. M., Ma, G., Jaskowiak, N. T., Rivet, D. J., Flier, J. S., Lowell, B. B., Fraker, D. L., & Alexander, H. R. (1997) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.185.1.171 · Cited by 791 · see citing works

Nocturnal rise of leptin in lean, obese, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus subjects.

Sinha, M. K., Ohannesian, J. P., Heiman, M. L., Kriauciunas, A., Stephens, T. W., Magosin, S., Marco, C. C., & Caro, J. F. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118551 · Cited by 785 · see citing works

Leptin accelerates the onset of puberty in normal female mice.

Ahima, R. S., Dushay, J. R., Flier, S. N., Prabakaran, D., & Flier, J. S. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119172 · Cited by 755 · see citing works

Diet-induced obese mice develop peripheral, but not central, resistance to leptin.

van Heek, M., Compton, D. S., France, C. F., Tedesco, R. P., Fawzi, A. B., Graziano, M. P., Sybertz, E. J., Strader, C. D., & Davis, H. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119171 · Cited by 752 · see citing works

Leptin can induce proliferation, differentiation, and functional activation of hemopoietic cells

Gainsford, T., Willson, T. A., Metcalf, D., Handman, E., McFarlane, C., Ng, A. P., Nicola, N. A., Alexander, W. S., & Hilton, D. J. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.25.14564 · Cited by 750 · see citing works

Role of leptin in hypothalamic–pituitary function

Yu, W. H., Kimura, M., Walczewska, A., Karanth, S., & McCann, S. M. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.3.1023 · Cited by 732 · see citing works

Effects of parabiosis of obese with diabetes and normal mice.

Coleman, D. L. (1973) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf01221857 · Cited by 729 · see citing works

Acute stimulation of glucose metabolism in mice by leptin treatment

Kamohara, S., Burcelin, R., Halaas, J. L., Friedman, J. M., & Charron, M. J. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/38717 · Cited by 708 · see citing works

Overexpression of the obese (ob) gene in adipose tissue of human obese subjects

Lönnqvist, F., Arner, P., Nordfors, L., & Schalling, M. (1995) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0995-950 · Cited by 708 · see citing works

Acute and Chronic Effect of Insulin on Leptin Production in Humans: Studies In Vivo and In Vitro

Kolaczynski, J. W., Nyce, M. R., Considine, R. V., Boden, G., Nolan, J. J., Henry, R., Mudaliar, S. R., Olefsky, J., & Caro, J. F. (1996) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.45.5.699 · Cited by 700 · see citing works

Plasma Leptin Levels in Healthy Children and Adolescents: Dependence on Body Mass Index, Body Fat Mass, Gender, Pubertal Stage, and Testosterone

Blum, W. F., Englaro, P., Hanitsch, S., Juul, A., Hertel, N. T., Müller, J., Skakkebæk, N. E., Heiman, M. L., Birkett, M. A., Attanasio, A. M., et al. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.9.4251 · Cited by 687 · see citing works

Crystal structure of the obese protein Ieptin-E100

Zhang, F. P. Y., Basinski, M. B., Beals, J. M., Briggs, S., Churgay, L. M., Clawson, D. K., DiMarchi, R. D., Furman, T. C., Hale, J. E., Hsiung, H. M., et al. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/387206a0 · Cited by 669 · see citing works

Direct antidiabetic effect of leptin through triglyceride depletion of tissues

Shimabukuro, M., Koyama, K., Chen, G., Wang, M.-Y., Trieu, F., Lee, Y., Newgard, C. B., & Unger, R. H. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.9.4637 · Cited by 646 · see citing works

Human Leptin Levels Are Pulsatile and Inversely Related to Pituitary–Ardenal Function

Licinio, J., Mantzoros, C., Negrão, A. B., Cizza, G., Wong, M.-L., Bongiorno, P. B., Chrousos, G. P., Karp, B., Allen, C., Flier, J. S., et al. (1997) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0597-575 · Cited by 632 · see citing works

Leptin inhibits hypothalamic neurons by activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels

Spanswick, D., Smith, M. A., Groppi, V. E., Logan, S. D., & Ashford, M. L. J. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/37379 · Cited by 628 · see citing works

Postnatal leptin surge and regulation of circadian rhythm of leptin by feeding. Implications for energy homeostasis and neuroendocrine function.

Ahima, R. S., Prabakaran, D., & Flier, J. S. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci1176 · Cited by 627 · see citing works

Sexual Dimorphism in Plasma Leptin Concentration

Saad, M. F., Damani, S., Gingerich, R. L., Riad, M. G., Khan, A. M., Boyadjian, R., Jinagouda, S. D., El-Tawil, K., Rude, R. K., & Kamdar, V. V. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.2.3739 · Cited by 565 · see citing works

Expression of ob mRNA and its encoded protein in rodents. Impact of nutrition and obesity.

Frederich, R. C., Löllmann, B., Hamann, A., Napolitano-Rosen, A., Kahn, B. B., Lowell, B. B., & Flier, J. S. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118206 · Cited by 549 · see citing works

Evidence of free and bound leptin in human circulation. Studies in lean and obese subjects and during short-term fasting.

Sinha, M. K., Opentanova, I., Ohannesian, J. P., Kolaczynski, J. W., Heiman, M. L., Hale, J. E., Becker, G. W., Bowsher, R. R., Stephens, T. W., & Caro, J. F. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118913 · Cited by 531 · see citing works

Increased obese mRNA expression in omental fat cells from massively obese humans

Hamilton, B. S., Paglia, D., Kwan, A. Y. M., & Deitel, M. (1995) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0995-953 · Cited by 526 · see citing works

Regulated expression of the obese gene product (leptin) in white adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

MacDougald, O. A., Hwang, C.-S., Fan, H., & Lane, M. D. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.20.9034 · Cited by 515 · see citing works

Leptin and leptin receptor mRNA and protein expression in the murine fetus and placenta

Hoggard, N., Hunter, L., Duncan, J. S., Williams, L. M., Trayhurn, P., & Mercer, J. G. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.20.11073 · Cited by 513 · see citing works

Leptin Prevents Fasting-Induced Suppression of Prothyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Neurons of the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus*

Légrádi, G., Emerson, C. H., Ahima, R. S., Flier, J. S., & Lechan, R. M. (1997) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.138.6.2569 · Cited by 505 · see citing works

Regulation of Expression of ob mRNA and Protein by Glucocorticoids and cAMP

Slieker, L. J., Sloop, K. W., Surface, P. L., Kriauciunas, A., LaQuier, F., Manetta, J. V., Bue-Valleskey, J. M., & Stephens, T. W. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.10.5301 · Cited by 476 · see citing works

Induction of ob Gene Expression by Corticosteroids Is Accompanied by Body Weight Loss and Reduced Food Intake

Vos, P. D., Saladin, R., Auwerx, J. H., & Staels, B. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.27.15958 · Cited by 469 · see citing works

Leptin-independent hyperphagia and type 2 diabetes in mice with a mutated serotonin 5-HT2C receptor gene

Nonogaki, K., Strack, A. M., Dallman, M. F., & Tecott, L. H. (1998) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/2647 · Cited by 467 · see citing works

A ductile ceramic eutectic composite with high strength at 1,873 K

Waku, Y., Nakagawa, N., Wakamoto, T., et al. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/37937 · Cited by 465 · see citing works

Synergistic interaction between leptin and cholecystokinin to reduce short-term food intake in lean mice

Barrachina, M. D., Martínez, V., Wang, L., Wei, J. Y., & Taché, Y. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.19.10455 · Cited by 440 · see citing works

Leptin Activates Neurons in Ventrobasal Hypothalamus and Brainstem

Elmquist, J. K., Ahima, R. S., Maratos–Flier, E., Flier, J. S., & Saper, C. B. (1997) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.138.2.5033 · Cited by 438 · see citing works

Obesity and the Hypothalamus: Novel Peptides for New Pathways

Flier, J. S., & Maratos–Flier, E. (1998) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80937-x · Cited by 430 · see citing works

Role of the Y5 neuropeptide Y receptor in feeding and obesity

Marsh, D. J., Hollopeter, G., Kafer, K. E., & Palmiter, R. D. (1998) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0698-718 · Cited by 416 · see citing works

Plasma Leptin Levels Are Increased in Survivors of Acute Sepsis: Associated Loss of Diurnal Rhythm in Cortisol and Leptin Secretion

Bornstein, S. R., Licinio, J., Tauchnitz, R., Engelmann, L., Negrão, A., Gold, P. W., & Chrousos, G. P. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.83.1.4610 · Cited by 411 · see citing works

Leptin increases uncoupling protein expression and energy expenditure

Scarpace, P. J., Matheny, M. E., Pollock, B. H., & Tümer, N. (1997) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1997.273.1.e226 · Cited by 390 · see citing works

Cardiovascular response, feeding behavior and locomotor activity in mice lacking the NPY Y1 receptor

Pedrazzini, T., Seydoux, J., Künstner, P., Aubert, J.-F., Grouzmann, E., Beermann, F., & Brunner, H. R. (1998) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0698-722 · Cited by 384 · see citing works

Leptin activates distinct projections from the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei

Elmquist, J. K., Ahima, R. S., Elias, C. F., Flier, J. S., & Saper, C. B. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.2.741 · Cited by 376 · see citing works

Human blood-brain barrier leptin receptor. Binding and endocytosis in isolated human brain microvessels.

Golden, P. L., Maccagnan, T. J., & Pardridge, W. M. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119125 · Cited by 369 · see citing works

Direct effects of leptin on brown and white adipose tissue.

Siegrist-Kaiser, C. A., Pauli, V., Juge-Aubry, C. E., Boss, O., Pernin, A., Chin, W. W., Cusin, I., Rohner‐Jeanrenaud, F., Burger, A. G., Zapf, J., et al. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119834 · Cited by 366 · see citing works

Presence of Leptin in Colostrum and/or Breast Milk from Lactating Mothers: A Potential Role in the Regulation of Neonatal Food Intake

Casabiell, X. A., Piñeiro, V., Tomé, M. A., Peino, R., Diéguez, C., & Casanueva, F. F. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.12.4590 · Cited by 353 · see citing works

Leptin receptor mRNA identifies a subpopulation of neuropeptide Y neurons activated by fasting in rat hypothalamus.

Baskin, D. G., Breininger, J. F., & Schwartz, M. W. (1999) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.48.4.828 · Cited by 351 · see citing works

Hypoleptinemia in Women Athletes: Absence of a Diurnal Rhythm with Amenorrhea

Laughlin, G. A., & Yen, S. S. C. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.1.3840 · Cited by 348 · see citing works

Sympathetic and Cardiorenal Actions of Leptin

Haynes, W. G., Sivitz, W. I., Morgan, D. A., Walsh, S. A., & Mark, A. L. (1997) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.30.3.619 · Cited by 348 · see citing works

Evidence for a Novel Peripheral Action of Leptin as a Metabolic Signal to the Adrenal Gland: Leptin Inhibits Cortisol Release Directly

Bornstein, S. R., Uhlmann, K., Haidan, A., Ehrhart-Bornstein, M., & Scherbaum, W. A. (1997) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.46.7.1235 · Cited by 344 · see citing works

Effects of parabiosis of normal with genetically diabetic mice

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Antidiabetic thiazolidinediones inhibit leptin (ob) gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

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Regulation of Neuronal and Glial Proteins by Leptin: Implications for Brain Development

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Receptor-Mediated Peptide Transport through the Blood-Brain Barrier*

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Direct Intraovarian Effects of Leptin: Impairment of the Synergistic Action of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I on Follicle-Stimulating Hormone-Dependent Estradiol-17β Production by Rat Ovarian Granulosa Cells*

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Evidence for GnRH Regulation by Leptin: Leptin Administration Prevents Reduced Pulsatile LH Secretion during Fasting

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Short Term Effects of Leptin on Hepatic Gluconeogenesis and in Vivo Insulin Action

Rossetti, L., Massillon, D., Barzilai, N., Vuguin, P., Chen, W., Hawkins, M., Wu, J., & Wang, J. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.44.27758 · Cited by 304 · see citing works

A Longitudinal Assessment of Hormonal and Physical Alterations during Normal Puberty in Boys. V. Rising Leptin Levels May Signal the Onset of Puberty

Mantzoros, C. S. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.82.4.1066 · Cited by 300 · see citing works

Insulin stimulates both leptin secretion and production by rat white adipose tissue

Barr, V. A., Malide, D., Zarnowski, M. J., Taylor, S. I., & Cushman, S. W. (1997) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.138.10.5451 · Cited by 297 · see citing works

Acute cold-induced suppression of ob (obese) gene expression in white adipose tissue of mice: mediation by the sympathetic system

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Effects of prolonged hyperinsulinemia on serum leptin in normal human subjects.

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Mushroom bodies of the cockroach: Their participation in place memory

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Neuroendocrine Responses to Starvation and Weight Loss

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Regulation of ob gene mRNA levels in cultured adipocytes

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Plasma leptin is partly cleared by the kidney and is elevated in hemodialysis patients

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Threading analysis suggests that the obese gene product may be a helical cytokine

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Intraventricular Leptin Reduces Food Intake and Body Weight of Lean Rats but Not Obese Zucker Rats

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Functional properties of leptin receptor isoforms: internalization and degradation of leptin and ligand-induced receptor downregulation.

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What's in a Name? In Search of Leptin's Physiologic Role

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Relatively low plasma leptin concentrations precede weight gain in Pima Indians

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Genomic Structure and Promoter Analysis of the Human obese Gene

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Leptin Action in Intestinal Cells

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Phenotype of the Obese Koletsky (f) Rat Due to Tyr763Stop Mutation in the Extracellular Domain of the Leptin Receptor (Lepr): Evidence for Deficient Plasma-to-CSF Transport of Leptin in Both the Zucker and Koletsky Obese Rat

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Nonsense mutation of leptin receptor in the obese spontaneously hypertensive Koletsky rat

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A novel leptin receptor isoform in rat

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Augmented Placental Production of Leptin in Preeclampsia: Possible Involvement of Placental Hypoxia

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Transcriptional activation of the mouse obese (ob) gene by CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha.

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Hypothalamic response to starvation: implications for the study of wasting disorders

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Hypercortisolism and Obesity

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Enhancing leptin response by preventing SH2-containing phosphatase 2 interaction with Ob receptor

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Two types of leptin-responsive gastric vagal afferent terminals: an in vitro single-unit study in rats

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Transdifferentiation of Rat Hepatic Stellate Cells Results in Leptin Expression

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Neonatal Cord Blood Leptin: Its Relationship to Birth Weight, Body Mass Index, Maternal Diabetes, and Steroids

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Structural Organization and Chromosomal Assignment of the Human obese Gene

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Leptin and the pituitary–thyroid axis: a comparative study in lean, obese, hypothyroid and hyperthyroid subjects

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Leptin Inhibition of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Response to Stress

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A Role for Leptin in Brain Development

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The adipocyte specific transcription factor C/EBPalpha modulates human ob gene expression.

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The Mouse obese Gene

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Serum leptin concentration in women: effect of age, obesity, and estrogen administration

Castracane, V. D., Kraemer, R. R., Franken, M. A., Kraemer, G. R., & Gimpel, T. (1998) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(98)00187-3 · Cited by 150 · see citing works

Endocrine and Metabolic Adaptation to Obesity and Starvation

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Dynamics of Recovery of Body Composition After Overfeeding, Food Restriction or Starvation of Mature Female Rats

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Altered neuroanatomical organization in the central nervous system of the genetically obese (ob/ob) mouse

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Gender-dependent alterations in serum leptin in alcoholic cirrhosis

McCullough, A. J., Bugianesi, E., Marchesini, G., & Kalhan, S. C. (1998) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(98)70267-7 · Cited by 144 · see citing works

Cerebrospinal Fluid Leptin in Anorexia Nervosa: Correlation with Nutritional Status and Potential Role in Resistance to Weight Gain

Mantzoros, C. S. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.82.6.1845 · Cited by 143 · see citing works

Leptin selectively increases energy expenditure of food-restricted lean mice

Döring, H., Schwarzer, K., Nuesslein‐Hildesheim, B., et al. (1998) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800547 · Cited by 142 · see citing works

Isoproterenol and Somatostatin Decrease Plasma Leptin in Humans: A Novel Mechanism Regulating Leptin Secretion

Donahoo, W. T., Jensen, D. R., Yost, T. J., & Eckel, R. H. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.12.4434 · Cited by 142 · see citing works

Leptin levels do not change acutely with food administration in normal or obese subjects, but are negatively correlated with pituitary‐adrenal activity

Korbonits, M., Trainer, P. J., Little, J. A., Edwards, R., Kopelman, P. G., BESSER, G. M., Svec, F., & Grossman, A. B. (1997) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1997.1820979.x · Cited by 137 · see citing works

Role of set‐point theory in regulation of body weight

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Arcuate nucleus ablation prevents fasting-induced suppression of ProTRH mRNA in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus

Legradi, G., Emerson, C. H., Ahima, R. S., Rand, W. M., Flier, J. S., & Lechan, R. M. (1998) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000054354 · Cited by 131 · see citing works

Brain Administration of Leptin Causes Deletion of Adipocytes by Apoptosis

Qian, H., Azain, M. J., Compton, M. M., Hartzell, D. L., Hausman, G. J., & Baile, C. A. (1998) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.139.2.5908 · Cited by 130 · see citing works

Evidence for a Leptin-Neuropeptide Y Axis for the Regulation of Growth Hormone Secretion in the Rat

Vuagnat, B. A. M., Pierroz, D. D., Lalaoui, M., Englaro, P., Pralong, F. P., Blum, W. F., & Aubert, M. L. (1998) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000054326 · Cited by 128 · see citing works

Relationship between insulin sensitivity and plasma leptin concentration in lean and obese men

Segal, K. R., Landt, M., & Klein, S. (1996) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.45.7.988 · Cited by 120 · see citing works

The Stimulatory Effect of Leptin on the Neuroendocrine Reproductive Axis of the Monkey

Finn, P. D. (1998) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.139.11.4652 · Cited by 120 · see citing works

Characterization and localization of leptin receptors in the rat kidney

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Acute and chronic effects of insulin on leptin production in humans: Studies in vivo and in vitro

Kolaczynski, J. W., Nyce, M. R., Considine, R. V., Boden, G., Nolan, J. J., Henry, R. R., Mudaliar, S. R., Olefsky, J. M., & Caro, J. F. (1996) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.45.5.699 · Cited by 118 · see citing works

Abnormal regulation of the leptin gene in the pathogenesis of obesity.

Ioffe, E., Moon, B., Connolly, E., & Friedman, J. M. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.20.11852 · Cited by 117 · see citing works

Developmental Changes inobGene Expression and Circulating Leptin Peptide Concentrations

Devaskar, S. U., Ollesch, C., Rajakumar, R. A., & Rajakumar, P. A. (1997) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.7237 · Cited by 116 · see citing works

Stimulation of corticotrophin-releasing hormone release by the obese (ob) gene product, leptin, from hypothalamic explants

Costa, A. C., Poma, A., Martignoni, E., Nappi, G., Ur, E., & Grossman, A. B. (1997) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199703240-00014 · Cited by 115 · see citing works

Responses of leptin to short-term fasting and refeeding in humans: a link with ketogenesis but not ketones themselves

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Transcription Factor STAT3 in Leptin Target Neurons of the Rat Hypothalamus

Håkansson, M., & Meister, B. (1998) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000054392 · Cited by 108 · see citing works

In VivoEffects of Leptin-Related Synthetic Peptides on Body Weight and Food Intake in Female ob/obMice: Localization of Leptin Activity to Domains Between Amino Acid Residues 106–140*

Grasso, P., Leinung, M. C., Ingher, S. P., et al. (1997) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.138.4.5087 · Cited by 106 · see citing works

Adipose Tissue Regeneration Following Lipectomy

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Constitutive and impaired signaling of leptin receptors containing the Gln → Pro extracellular domain fatty mutation

White, D. W., Wang, Y., Chua, S. C., Morgenstern, J. P., Leibel, R. L., Baumann, H., & Tartaglia, L. A. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.20.10657 · Cited by 93 · see citing works

Increased Plasma Leptin Concentration in End-Stage Renal Disease

Merabet, E. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.82.3.847 · Cited by 92 · see citing works

Early and late stimulation of ob mRNA expression in meal-fed and overfed rats.

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Leptin: its pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution

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Leptin depolarizes rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons

Powis, J. E., Bains, J. S., & Ferguson, A. V. (1998) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.5.r1468 · Cited by 83 · see citing works

Brain myelin of genetically obese mice

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Absence of Soluble Leptin Receptor in Plasma fromdbPas/dbPas and Otherdb/db Mice

Cai, L., Ioffe, E., Fidahusein, N., Connolly, E. P., & Friedman, J. M. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.16.10078 · Cited by 77 · see citing works

Dieting causes menstrual irregularities in normal weight young women through impairment of episodic luteinizing hormone secretion

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Interleukin 1 Increases Serum Leptin Concentrations in Humans

Janik, J. E. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.82.9.3084 · Cited by 70 · see citing works

Leptin facilitates and inhibits sexual behavior in female hamsters

Wade, G. N., Lempicki, R. A., Panicker, A. K., et al. (1997) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1997.272.4.r1354 · Cited by 68 · see citing works

Expression of Leptin Receptor Isoforms in Rat Brain Microvessels

Bjorbak, C. (1998) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.139.8.3485 · Cited by 68 · see citing works

Leptin suppression of insulin secretion by the activation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels in pancreatic beta-cells

Kieffer, T. J., Heller, R. S., Leech, C. A., et al. (1997) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.46.6.1087 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

Leptin Inhibits Directly Glucocorticoid Secretion by Normal Human and Rat Adrenal Gland

Pralong, F. P. (1998) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.139.10.4264 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

Truncated Human Leptin (Δ133) Associated with Extreme Obesity Undergoes Proteasomal Degradation after Defective Intracellular Transport*

Rau, H., Reaves, B. J., O’Rahilly, S., & Whitehead, J. P. (1999) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.140.4.6670 · Cited by 64 · see citing works

Plasma Leptin Levels Do not Change in Patients with Cushing's Disease Shortly after Correction of Hypercortisolism

Cizza, G., Lotsikas, A. J., Licinio, J., Gold, P. W., & Chrousos, G. P. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.8.4139 · Cited by 64 · see citing works

Evidence for leptin binding to proteins in serum of rodents and humans: modulation with obesity

Houseknecht, K. L., Mantzoros, C. S., Kuliawat, R., et al. (1996) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.45.11.1638 · Cited by 61 · see citing works

Activation of beta(3) adrenergic receptors suppresses leptin expression and mediates a leptin-independent inhibition of food intake in mice

Mantzoros, C. S., Qu, D., Frederich, R. C., Susulic, V. S., Lowell, B. B., Maratos–Flier, E., & Flier, J. S. (1996) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.45.7.909 · Cited by 61 · see citing works

Gold Thioglucose-Induced Hypothalamic Damage, Hyperphagia, and Obesity: Dependence on the Adrenal Gland*

Debons, A. F., Siclari, E., Das, K. C., et al. (1982) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-110-6-2024 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

13 C NMR study of the effects of leptin treatment on kinetics of hepatic intermediary metabolism

Cohen, S. M., Werrmann, J. G., & Tota, M. R. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.13.7385 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

Short-Term Hyperthyroidism Has No Effect on Leptin Levels in Man

Mantzoros, C. S. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.82.2.497 · Cited by 57 · see citing works

Thyroid Hormones Modulate Serum Leptin Levels: Observations in Thyrotoxic and Hypothyroid Women

Diekman, M. J. M., Romijn, J. A., Endert, E., Sauerwein, H. P., & Wiersinga, W. M. (1998) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.1998.8.1081 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

The weight-reducing effect of an intracerebroventricular bolus injection of leptin in genetically obese fa/fa rats. Reduced sensitivity compared with lean animals

Cusin, I., Rohner-Jeanrenaud, F., Stricker‐Krongrad, A., et al. (1996) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.45.10.1446 · Cited by 49 · see citing works

Regional leptin kinetics in humans

Jensen, M. D., Møller, N., Nair, K. S., Eisenberg, P., Landt, M., & Klein, S. (1999) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/69.1.18 · Cited by 43 · see citing works

Thyroid Hormones Influence Serum Leptin Concentrations in the Rat

Escobar-Morreale, H. F. (1997) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.138.10.4485 · Cited by 42 · see citing works

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