Exercise and Pharmacological Treatment of Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease
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Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of exercise and antidepressant medication in reducing depressive symptoms and improving cardiovascular biomarkers in depressed patients with coronary heart disease. Background Although there is good evidence that clinical depression is associated with poor prognosis, optimal therapeutic strategies are currently not well defined. Methods One hundred one outpatients with coronary heart disease and elevated depressive symptoms underwent assessment of depression, including a psychiatric interview and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Participants were randomized to 4 months of aerobic exercise (3 times/week), sertraline (50-200 mg/day), or placebo. Additional assessments of cardiovascular biomarkers included measures of heart rate variability, endothelial function, baroreflex sensitivity, inflammation, and platelet function. Results After 16 weeks, all groups showed improvement on Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores. Participants in both the aerobic exercise (mean -7.5; 95% confidence interval: -9.8 to -5.0) and sertraline (mean -6.1; 95% confidence interval: -8.4 to -3.9) groups achieved larger reductions in depressive symptoms compared with those receiving placebo (mean -4.5; 95% confidence interval: -7.6 to -1.5; p = 0.034); exercise and sertraline were equally effective at reducing depressive symptoms (p = 0.607). Exercise and medication tended to result in greater improvements in heart rate variability compared with placebo (p = 0.052); exercise tended to result in greater improvements in heart rate variability compared with sertraline (p = 0.093). Conclusions Both exercise and sertraline resulted in greater reductions in depressive symptoms compared to placebo in patients with coronary heart disease. Evidence that active treatments may also improve cardiovascular biomarkers suggests that they may have a beneficial effect on clinical outcomes as well as on quality of life. (Exercise to Treat Depression in Individuals With Coronary Heart Disease; NCT00302068).
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Other controlled trials have demonstrated modest improvements associated with SSRIs in patients with heart disease on surrogate markers, including heart rate variability and mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia, although other studies have found no such effect on clinical events or other markers.
“Other controlled trials have demonstrated modest improvements associated with SSRIs in patients with heart disease on surrogate markers, including heart rate variability 179 and mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia, 180 although other studies have found no such effect on clinical events or other markers. 179,181”
From Psychological Health, Well-Being, and the Mind-Heart-Body Connection: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2021) · cites this paper as [179]
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- Authors
- Blumenthal, J. A., Sherwood, A., Babyak, M. A., Watkins, L. L., Smith, P. J., Hoffman, B. M., O'Hayer, C. V. F., Mabe, S., Johnson, J., Doraiswamy, P. M., Jiang, W., Schocken, D. D., & Hinderliter, A. L.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Blumenthal, James A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-09
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1053-1063
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3498445
- OpenAlex
- W22938527
- Cited by
- 259
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 15.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (HL080664)
- General Clinical Research Center program, National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health (M01-RR-30)
- Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Pfizer
- Shire
- Lundbeck
- AstraZeneca
- Otsuka
- Clarimedix
- Sonexa
- Baxter
- Lilly
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- depression, coronary artery disease, aerobic exercise, sertraline, antidepressants, depressive symptoms, heart rate variability, endothelial function, baroreflex sensitivity, inflammation, platelet function, cardiovascular biomarkers, exercise therapy
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Antidepressive Agents, Coronary Disease, Depression, Exercise Therapy, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Exercise, Treatment Outcome, Sertraline, Comprehension
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