A Test in Context: Lipid Profile, Fasting Versus Nonfasting
Open accessAbstract
Fasting for >8 h, as previously required for lipid profiles, normally only occurs a few hours before breakfast. By contrast, the nonfasting state predominates most of a 24-h cycle and better captures atherogenic lipoprotein levels. Plasma contains atherogenic lipoproteins of hepatic origin in the fasting state and additionally those of intestinal origin in the nonfasting state. Maximal mean changes for random, nonfasting versus fasting levels are +26 mg/dl for triglycerides, -8 mg/dl for total cholesterol, -8 mg/dl for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, +8 mg/dl for remnant cholesterol, and -8 mg/dl for non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; lipoprotein(a), apolipoprotein B, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are largely unaffected. For patients, laboratories, and clinicians alike, nonfasting lipid profiles represent a simplification without negative implications for prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic options for cardiovascular disease prevention. Several societies' guidelines and statements in Denmark, the United Kingdom, Europe, Canada, Brazil, and the United States endorse nonfasting lipid profiles.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Nonfasting lipid profiles can potentially be more relevant to the estimation of an individual's cardiovascular risk than fasting lipids since in real life the postprandial state predominates most of the 24-h cycle.
“Nonfasting lipid profiles, therefore, can potentially be more relevant to the estimation of an individual's cardiovascular risk than fasting lipids since in real life the postprandial state predominates most of our 24-h cycle [15,16].”
From Quantifying atherogenic lipoproteins for lipid-lowering strategies: Consensus-based recommendations from EAS and EFLM (2020) · cites this paper as [16]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Friedewald, W. T., Levy, R. I., & Fredrickson, D. S. (1972) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/18.6.499 · Cited by 32,423 · see citing works
Stone, N. J., Robinson, J. G., Lichtenstein, A. H., Bairey Merz, C. N., Blum, C. B., Eckel, R. H., Goldberg, A. C., Gordon, D., Levy, D., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., et al. (2014) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000437738.63853.7a · Cited by 7,081 · see citing works
2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice
Piepoli, M. F., Hoes, A. W., Agewall, S., Albus, C., Brotons, C., Catapano, A. L., Cooney, M.-T., Corrà, U., Cosyns, B., Deaton, C., et al. (2016) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw106 · Cited by 6,457 · see citing works
Stone, N. J., Robinson, J. G., Lichtenstein, A. H., Bairey Merz, C. N., Blum, C. B., Eckel, R. H., Goldberg, A. C., Gordon, D., Levy, D., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.002 · Cited by 3,845 · see citing works
2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias
Catapano, A. L., Graham, I., De Backer, G., Wiklund, O., Chapman, M. J., Drexel, H., Hoes, A. W., Jennings, C. S., Landmesser, U., Pedersen, T. R., et al. (2016) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw272 · Cited by 3,162 · see citing works
Major lipids, apolipoproteins, and risk of vascular disease
The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration* (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1619 · Cited by 2,731 · see citing works
Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics
Burtis, E. B. C. A., Ashwood, E. R., & Bruns, D. E. (2011) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,190 · see citing works
Nordestgaard, B. G., Benn, M., Schnohr, P., & Tybjærg-Hansen, A. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.3.299 · Cited by 2,058 · see citing works
Self-citationTriglycerides and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Miller, M., Stone, N. J., Ballantyne, C., Bittner, V., Criqui, M. H., Ginsberg, H. N., Goldberg, A. C., Howard, W. J., Jacobson, M. S., Kris-Etherton, P. M., et al. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e3182160726 · Cited by 1,871 · see citing works
Lipoprotein(a) as a cardiovascular risk factor: current status
Nordestgaard, B. G., Chapman, M. J., Ray, K., Borén, J., Andreotti, F., Watts, G. F., Ginsberg, H., Amarenco, P., Catapano, A., Descamps, O. S., et al. (2010) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehq386 · Cited by 1,807 · see citing works
Self-citationGraham (2007) · doi:10.1097/01.hjr.0000277983.23934.c9 · Cited by 1,647 · see citing works
Fasting compared with nonfasting triglycerides and risk of cardiovascular events in women
Bansal, S., Buring, J. E., Rifai, N., Mora, S., Sacks, F. M., & Ridker, P. M. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.3.309 · Cited by 1,619 · see citing works
Triglycerides and cardiovascular disease
Nordestgaard, B. G., & Varbo, A. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61177-6 · Cited by 1,419 · see citing works
Self-citationGenetically Elevated Lipoprotein(a) and Increased Risk of Myocardial Infarction
Kamstrup, P. R. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.801 · Cited by 1,357 · cited 1× · see citing works
“This genetic, causal cardiovascular risk factor (14,30,31) should be measured at least once in all patients screened for cardiovascular risk (30); it is noteworthy that Lp(a) concentrations vary little over time (<10%) in any individual.”
BackgroundAnderson, T. J., Grégoire, J., Pearson, G. J., Barry, A. R., Couture, P., Dawes, M., Francis, G. A., Genest, J., Grover, S., Gupta, M., et al. (2016) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2016.07.510 · Cited by 1,173 · see citing works
Nordestgaard, B. G. (2016) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.115.306249 · Cited by 1,116 · see citing works
Self-citationRemnant Cholesterol as a Causal Risk Factor for Ischemic Heart Disease
Varbo, A., Benn, M., Tybjærg-Hansen, A., Jørgensen, A. B., Frikke-Schmidt, R., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2013) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.08.1026 · Cited by 1,115 · see citing works
Self-citationJellinger, P. S., Handelsman, Y., Rosenblit, P. D., Bloomgarden, Z. T., Fonseca, V. A., Garber, A. J., Grunberger, G., Guerin, C. K., Bell, D. S. H., Mechanick, J. I., et al. (2017) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep171764.appgl · Cited by 1,094 · see citing works
Nordestgaard, B. G., Langsted, A., Mora, S., Kolovou, G., Baum, H., Bruckert, E., Watts, G. F., Sypniewska, G., Wiklund, O., Borén, J., et al. (2016) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw152 · Cited by 847 · see citing works
Self-citationVarbo, A., Benn, M., Tybjærg-Hansen, A., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2013) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.113.003008 · Cited by 692 · see citing works
Self-citationLangsted, A., Freiberg, J. J., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.804146 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
Self-citationNordestgaard, B. G., & Langsted, A. (2016) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r071233 · Cited by 575 · see citing works
Self-citationLeung, A., Nerenberg, K., Daskalopoulou, S., McBrien, K., Zarnke, K., Dasgupta, K., Cloutier, L., Gelfer, M., Lamarre-cliche, M., Milot, A., et al. (2016) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2016.02.066 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Mora, S., Rifai, N., Buring, J. E., & Ridker, P. M. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.777334 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Nordestgaard, B. G., Wootton, R., & Lewis, B. (1995) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.15.4.534 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Self-citationFasting Time and Lipid Levels in a Community-Based Population
Sidhu, D., & Naugler, C. T. (2012) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2012.3708 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Mendelian randomization studies in coronary artery disease
Jansen, H., Samani, N. J., & Schunkert, H. (2014) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehu208 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Shaikh, M., Wootton, R., Nordestgaard, B. G., Baskerville, P., Lumley, J. S., La Ville, A. E., Quiney, J., & Lewis, B. (1991) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis: A Journal of Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.11.3.569 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Self-citationNordestgaard, B. G., Langsted, A., Mora, S., Kolovou, G. D., Baum, H. H. E., Bruckert, É., Watts, G. F., Sypniewska, G., Wiklund, O., Borén, J., et al. (2016) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2016.258897 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Self-citationIntroduction:Structure and metabolism of plasma lipoproteins.
Havel, J. (1995) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Mora, S., Rifai, N., Buring, J. E., & Ridker, P. M. (2009) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2008.117929 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Langsted, A., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2011) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2010.157164 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Self-citationStandardization of collection requirements for fasting samples
Simundic, A. M., Cornes, M., Grankvist, K., Lippi, G., & Nybo, M. (2014) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2013.11.008 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Large lipoproteins are excluded from the arterial wall in diabetic cholesterol-fed rabbits
Nordestgaard, B. G., & Zilversmit, D. B. (1988) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38428-5 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Self-citationLipids, Lipoproteins, Apolipoproteins, and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Remaley, A. T., Rifai, N., & Warnick, G. R. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-6164-9.00027-5 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Downs, J. R., & O’Malley, P. G. (2015) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m15-0840 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Steiner, M. J., Skinner, A. C., & Perrin, E. M. (2011) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2011-0844 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Doran, B., Guo, Y., Xu, J., WEINTRAUB, H. S., Mora, S., Maron, D. J., & Bangalore, S. (2014) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.114.010001 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Atherosclerosis and arterial influx of lipoproteins
Nordestgaard, B. G., & Nielsen, L. B. (1994) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/00041433-199408000-00002 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationFasting or Nonfasting Lipid Measurements
Driver, S. L., Martin, S. S., Gluckman, T. J., Clary, J. M., Blumenthal, R. S., & Stone, N. J. (2016) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.12.047 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Lipoprotein(a)-cholesterol: A significant component of serum cholesterol
Kinpara, K., Okada, H., Yoneyama, A., Okubo, M., & Murase, T. (2011) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2011.05.036 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Nonfasting for Routine Lipid Testing
Mora, S. (2016) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.1979 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Tanno, K., Okamura, T., Ohsawa, M., Onoda, T., Itai, K., Sakata, K., Nakamura, M., Ogawa, A., Kawamura, K., & Okayama, A. (2010) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2010.07.034 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Positioning about the Flexibility of Fasting for Lipid Profiling
Scartezini, M., Ferreira, C. E. D. S., Izar, M. C. D. O., Bertoluci, M. C., Vencio, S. A. C., Campana, G. A., Sumita, N. M., Barcelos, L. F., Faludi, A. Á., Santos, R. D., et al. (2017) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.5935/abc.20170039 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Hypoglycemia in Patients With Diabetes on Antidiabetic Medications Who Fast for Laboratory Tests
Aldasouqi, S. A., Sheikh, A., Klosterman, P., Kniestedt, S., Schubert, L. A., Danker, R., & Austin, M. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-2402 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
[Plasma lipids in non-fasting patients and signal values of laboratory results].
Nordestgaard, B. G., Hilsted, L. M., & Stender, S. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationFasting for Lipid Testing: Is It Worth the Trouble?
Khera, A. V., & Mora, S. (2012) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.263 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Nonfasting Lipid Profiles: The Way of the Future
Langsted, A., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2015) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2015.243139 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationNonfasting Sample for the Determination of Routine Lipid Profile: Is It an Idea Whose Time Has Come?
Rifai, N., Young, I. S., Nordestgaard, B. G., Wierzbicki, A. S., Vesper, H. W., Mora, S., Stone, N. J., Genest, J. J., & Miller, G. (2016) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2015.247866 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationShould We Fast Before We Measure Our Lipids?
Gaziano, J. M. (2012) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.1771 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Re-assessing the role of non-fasting lipids; a change in perspective
Farukhi, Z. M., & Mora, S. (2016) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm.2016.11.15 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Whither the Lipid Profile: Feast, Famine, or No Free Lunch?
Watts, G. F., & Cohn, J. S. (2011) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2010.160093 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Using Nonfasting Lipids—Hemodilution or Convenience?
Lund, S. S., & Jensen, T. J. (2011) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2011.168104 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
LDL Cholesterol as a Predictor of Mortality, and Beyond
Eckel, R. H. (2014) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.114.011512 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Advances in Lipid Testing: A Practical Step Forward
Stone, N. J. (2016) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2016.258996 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lorenzo-Lozano, M. C., Sánchez, A. C., Torres, P. M. B., Menchero, S. P., & Tenor, D. P. (2017) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2016-0961 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Nordestgaard, B. G., & Langlois, M. R. (2017) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2016-1104 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 58 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sandesara, P. B., Virani, S. S., Fazio, S., & Shapiro, M. D. (2019) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2018-00184 · Cited by 626 · see citing works
Johannesen, C. D. L., Mortensen, M. B., Langsted, A., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2021) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.01.027 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Self-citationOkamura, T., Tsukamoto, K., Arai, H., Fujioka, Y., Ishigaki, Y., Koba, S., Ohmura, H., Shoji, T., Yokote, K., Yoshida, H., et al. (2023) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.gl2022 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Langlois, M. R., Chapman, M. J., Cobbaert, C., Mora, S., Remaley, A. T., Ros, E., Watts, G. F., Borén, J., Baum, H., Bruckert, E., et al. (2018) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2018.287037 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Self-citation2026 ACC/AHA/AACVPR/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Dyslipidemia
Blumenthal, R. S., Morris, P. B., Gaudino, M., Johnson, H. M., Anderson, T. S., Bittner, V. A., Blankstein, R., Brewer, L. C., Cho, L., de Ferranti, S. D., et al. (2026) · JACC · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2025.11.016 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Nordestgaard, B. G., Langlois, M. R., Langsted, A., Chapman, M. J., Aakre, K. M., Baum, H., Borén, J., Bruckert, E., Catapano, A., Cobbaert, C., et al. (2020) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.12.005 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Self-citationLanglois, M. R., Nordestgaard, B. G., Langsted, A., Chapman, M. J., Aakre, K. M., Baum, H., Borén, J., Bruckert, E., Catapano, A., Cobbaert, C., et al. (2020) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2019-1253 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Self-citationCarr, S. S., Hooper, A. J., SULLIVAN, D. R., & Burnett, J. R. (2018) · Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.pathol.2018.11.006 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Nonfasting versus fasting lipid profile for cardiovascular risk prediction
Langsted, A., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2019) · Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.pathol.2018.09.062 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Self-citationBalling, M., Afzal, S., Varbo, A., Langsted, A., Davey Smith, G., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2020) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.09.610 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Self-citationJawi, M., Frohlich, J. J., & Chan, S. (2020) · Journal of Lipids · doi:10.1155/2020/3491764 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Advances in lipid-lowering therapy through gene-silencing technologies
Nordestgaard, B. G., Nicholls, S. J., Langsted, A., Ray, K. K., & Tybjærg‐Hansen, A. (2018) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2018.3 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Self-citationKaltoft, M., Langsted, A., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2020) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa172 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citationWriting Committee Members, Blumenthal, R. S., Morris, P. B., Gaudino, M., Johnson, H. M., Anderson, T. S., Bittner, V. A., Blankstein, R., Brewer, L. C., Cho, L., et al. (2026) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001423 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Templeman, I., Smith, H. A., Chowdhury, E., Chen, Y.-C., Carroll, H., Johnson-Bonson, D., Hengist, A., Smith, R., Creighton, J., Clayton, D., et al. (2021) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abd8034 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
The Importance of Lipoprotein Lipase Regulation in Atherosclerosis
Kumari, A., Kristensen, K. K., Ploug, M., & Winther, A.-M. L. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9070782 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Pantoja-Torres, B., Toro-Huamanchumo, C. J., Urrunaga‐Pastor, D., Guarnizo-Poma, M., Lázaro-Alcántara, H., Paico-Palacios, S., Ranilla-Seguin, V. D. C., & Benites-Zapata, V. A. (2018) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2018.10.006 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Qian, S., You, S., Sun, Y., Wu, Q., Wang, X., Tang, W., Dong, X., Liu, C.-F., Xu, T., Cao, Y., et al. (2021) · Circulation Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1161/circimaging.120.010953 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Wadström, B. N., Pedersen, K. M., Wulff, A. B., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2023) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-023-06016-0 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationMora, S., Chang, C. L., Moorthy, M. V., & Sever, P. S. (2019) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0392 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Balling, M., Langsted, A., Afzal, S., Varbo, A., Smith, G. D., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2019) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.05.011 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationLanglois, M. R., & Sniderman, A. D. (2020) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-020-01323-z · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Chow, E. J., Chen, Y., Armstrong, G. T., Baldwin, L., Cai, C., Gibson, T. M., Hudson, M. M., McDonald, A. J., Nathan, P. C., Olgin, J. E., et al. (2022) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.121.024735 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis Induced by Postprandial Lipemia
Zhao, Y., Liu, L., Yang, S., Liu, G., Pan, L., Gu, C., Wang, Y., Li, D. X., Zhao, R., & Wu, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.636947 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Kolovou, G. D., Watts, G. F., Mikhailidis, D. P., Pérez-Martínez, P., Mora, S., Bilianou, H., Panotopoulos, G., Katsiki, N., Ooi, T. C., Lopez-Miranda, J., et al. (2019) · Current Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570161117666190507110519 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationThe spectrum of type III hyperlipoproteinemia
Sniderman, A. D., Graaf, J. D., Thanassoulis, G., Tremblay, A. J., Martin, S. S., & Couture, P. (2018) · Journal of clinical lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2018.09.006 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Chen, J., Kuang, J., Tang, X., Mao, L., Guo, X., Luo, Q., Peng, D., & Yu, B. (2020) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-020-01311-w · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Klug, E., Raal, F. J., Marais, A., Smuts, C. M., Schamroth, C., Jankelow, D., Blom, D. J., & Webb, D. A. (2018) · South African Medical Journal · doi:10.7196/samj.2018.v108i11.13383 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Lu, Y., Wiltshire, H., Baker, J. S., Wang, Q., & Ying, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1095315 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Hypertriglyceridemia-Associated Pancreatitis: New Concepts and Potential Mechanisms
Hansen, S. E. J., Varbo, A., Nordestgaard, B. G., & Langsted, A. (2023) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/hvad094 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationXue, R., Wu, D., Zhou, C., Chen, L., Li, J., Li, Z.-Z., Fan, J., Liu, X.-M., Lin, X.-H., & Huang, H. (2020) · Journal of clinical lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2020.10.001 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Helkkula, P., Kiiskinen, T., Havulinna, A. S., Karjalainen, J., Koskinen, S., Salomaa, V., Daly, M. J., Palotie, A., Surakka, I., Ripatti, S., et al. (2021) · PLOS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1009501 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Hypertriglyceridaemia: an update
Wierzbicki, A. S., Kim, E. J., Esan, O., & Ramachandran, R. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1136/jclinpath-2021-207719 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Emanuelsson, F., Afzal, S., Jørgensen, N. R., Nordestgaard, B. G., & Benn, M. (2023) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-023-06054-8 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationObesity, Insulin Resistance, Caries, and Periodontitis: Syndemic Framework
Ladeira, L. L. C., Nascimento, G. G., Leite, F. R. M., Costa, S. A., Barbosa, J. M. A., Alves, C. M. C., Thomaz, É. B. A. F., Batista, R. F. L., & Ribeiro, C. C. C. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15163512 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Lipoprotein(a) and Body Mass Compound the Risk of Calcific Aortic Valve Disease
Kaltoft, M., Langsted, A., Afzal, S., Kamstrup, P. R., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2022) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.11.043 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationFasting to enhance Cancer treatment in models: the next steps
Zhang, J., Deng, Y., & Khoo, B. L. (2020) · Journal of Biomedical Science · doi:10.1186/s12929-020-00651-0 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Nordestgaard, L. T., Tybjærg‐Hansen, A., Frikke‐Schmidt, R., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab095 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationHypertriglyceridemia in Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for Pediatric Care
Hartz, J. C., de Ferranti, S. D., & Gidding, S. S. (2018) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/js.2018-00079 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Pedersen, S. B., Varbo, A., Langsted, A., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2017) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12713 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationTian, F., Xiang, Q., Zhang, M., Chen, Y.-Q., Lin, Q.-Z., Wen, T., & Liu, L. (2019) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2019.01.004 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Pavanello, C., Ruscica, M., Castiglione, S., Mombelli, G. G., Albertí, A., Calabresi, L., & Sirtori, C. R. (2025) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-025-02574-2 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Lipoprotein(a) Where Do We Stand? From the Physiopathology to Innovative Terapy
Iannuzzo, G., Tripaldella, M., Mallardo, V., Morgillo, M., Vitelli, N., Iannuzzi, A., Aliberti, E., Giallauria, F., Tramontano, A. L., Carluccio, R., et al. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9070838 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Folwaczny, A., Waldmann, E., Altenhofer, J., Henze, K., & Parhofer, K. G. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13051737 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Comorbid Psoriasis and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Implications and Optimal Management
Brandt, E. D., & Hillary, T. (2022) · Psoriasis Targets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/ptt.s293107 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Lipoprotein(a): An important piece of the ASCVD risk factor puzzle across diverse populations
Ciffone, N. A., McNeal, C. J., McGowan, M. P., & Ferdinand, K. C. (2023) · American Heart Journal Plus Cardiology Research and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ahjo.2023.100350 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Residual lipid risk in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Nordestgaard, B. G., & Hegele, R. A. (2026) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehag087 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationLin, Q.-Z., Chen, Y., Guo, L., Xiang, Q., Tian, F., Wen, T., & Liu, L. (2019) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2019.05.010 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Worldwide Increasing Use of Nonfasting Rather Than Fasting Lipid Profiles
Langsted, A., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2024) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/hvae046 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationWolf, H. A. D., Langlois, M. R., Suvisaari, J. V. J., Aakre, K. M., Baum, H. H. E., Collinson, P. O., Duff, C. J., Gruson, D., Hammerer‐Lercher, A., Pulkki, K. J., et al. (2020) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2020.05.038 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Langlois, M. R., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2018) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-018-1036-1 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationBlond, K., Aarestrup, J., Vistisen, D., Bjerregaard, L. G., Jensen, G. B., Petersen, J., Nordestgaard, B. G., Jørgensen, M. E., Jensen, B. W., & Baker, J. L. (2020) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.011 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationØyri, L. K. L., Christensen, J. J., Sebert, S. P., Thoresen, M., Michelsen, T. M., Ulven, S. M., Brekke, H. K., Retterstøl, K., Brantsæter, A. L., Magnus, P. M., et al. (2023) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-023-02742-9 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Are the Levels of Lipid Parameters Associated with Biometeorological Conditions?
Skutecki, R., Cymes, I., Dragańska, E., Glińska‐Lewczuk, K., Buciński, A., Drozdowski, M., & Romaszko, J. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16234636 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Fuller, H., Iles, M. M., Moore, J. B., & Zulyniak, M. A. (2022) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxac163 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Association of periodontitis with lipid profile: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Mirzaei, A., Shahrestanaki, E., Malmir, H., Ejtahed, H., Tajbakhsh, D., Seif, E., Djalalinia, S., Mahdavi‐Gorabi, A., & Qorbani, M. (2022) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40200-022-01071-7 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Low LDL cholesterol—Friend or foe?
Hartz, J. C., Hegele, R. A., & Wilson, D. P. (2019) · Journal of clinical lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2019.05.006 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The difference between fasting and non-fasting lipid measurements is not related to statin treatment
Liu, M., Peng, J., Cao, Y., Guo, Y., Wu, N., Zhu, C., Gao, Y., & Li, J. (2021) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm-20-3962 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Postprandial hyperlipidemia as a risk factor in patients with type 2 diabetes
Tomlinson, B., Chan, P., & Lam, C. W. K. (2020) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1080/17446651.2020.1750949 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Chow, E. J., Baldwin, L., Hagen, A. M., Hudson, M. M., Gibson, T. M., Komal, K., McDonald, A. J., Nathan, P. C., Syrjala, K. L., Taylor, S. L., et al. (2019) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2019.105915 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Xu, Q., Qi, W., Zhang, Y., Wang, Q., Ding, S., Han, X., Zhao, Y., Song, X., Zhao, T., Zhou, L., et al. (2020) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-020-08976-x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Hussey, M. R., Kornberg, T. G., Sherrick, J. M., Olson, A. M., Kind, J. A., & Pérez, A. L. (2025) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-025-01271-4 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Silver shelled gold nanorods for sensitive detection of cholesterol and triglycerides
Basak, M., Nemade, H. B., & Bandyopadhyay, D. (2024) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2024.116885 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The utility of saliva testing in the estimation of uremic toxin levels in serum
Korytowska, N., Sankowski, B., Wyczałkowska-Tomasik, A., Pączek, L., Wroczyński, P., & Giebułtowicz, J. (2018) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2018-0087 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Managing dyslipidaemia for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Ryan, A., Heath, S. C., & Cook, P. R. (2018) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.k946 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Morise, A. P., Tennant, J., Holmes, S. D., & Tacker, D. H. (2018) · Journal of Lipids · doi:10.1155/2018/9194736 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Koufakis, T., Vlahakos, D., Vlachopoulos, C., Kallistratos, E., Kotsa, K., Liberopoulos, E. N., Stefanidis, I., & Hatziagelaki, E. E. (2025) · American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40256-025-00761-w · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Assessing the dyslipidemias: to fast or not to fast?
Farukhi, Z. M., & Mora, S. (2021) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000615 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Weaver, O. R., Krysa, J. A., Ye, M., Vena, J. E., Eurich, D. T., & Proctor, S. D. (2023) · CMAJ Open · doi:10.9778/cmajo.20210318 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Zhou, H., Zhang, S., Sun, X., Yang, D.-Y. D., Zhuang, X., Guo, Y., Hu, X. Y., Du, Z., Zhang, M., & Liao, X. (2019) · Journal of Thoracic Disease · doi:10.21037/jtd.2019.07.71 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Li, B., Veturi, Y., Verma, A., Bradford, Y., Daar, E. S., Gulick, R. M., Riddler, S. A., Robbins, G. K., Lennox, J. L., Haas, D. W., et al. (2021) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1009464 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Hirata, A., Okamura, T., Hirata, T., Sugiyama, D., Ohkubo, T., Okuda, N., Kita, Y., Hayakawa, T., Kadota, A., Kondo, K., et al. (2021) · Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.2188/jea.je20200399 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Bratteteig, M., Anderssen, S. A., Rueegg, C. S., Ruud, E., Torsvik, I. K., Kriemler, S., & Grydeland, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2022.977365 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Langlois, M. R., Nordestgaard, B. G., Langsted, A., Chapman, M. J., Aakre, K. M., Baum, H. H. E., Borén, J., Bruckert, É., Catapano, A. L., Cobbaert, C. M., et al. (2021) · Laboratory Service · doi:10.17116/labs20211001145 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationImplications for REDUCE IT in clinical practice
Bittner, V. (2019) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2019.11.003 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The impact of macronutrient composition on metabolic regulation: An Islet‐Centric view
dos Santos, K. C., Olofsson, C., da Cunha, J. P. M. C. M., Roberts, F., Catrina, S., Fex, M., Ekberg, N. R., & Spégel, P. (2022) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.13884 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Bollig, K. J., Barnhart, K. T., Schisterman, E. F., Johnstone, E. B., Peterson, C. M., Hotaling, J. M., Ryan, G. L., Voorhis, B. J. V., Carrell, D. T., Mendola, P., et al. (2024) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgae427 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Borén, J., Packard, C. J., Nordestgaard, B. G., & Catapano, A. L. (2025) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf214 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationBratteteig, M., Rueegg, C. S., Raastad, T., Grydeland, M., Torsvik, I. K., Schindera, C., Ruud, E., & Anderssen, S. A. (2023) · Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology · doi:10.1089/jayao.2023.0063 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Vanhove, K., Thomeer, M., Derveaux, E., Shkedy, Z., Owokotomo, O. E., Adriaensens, P., & Mesotten, L. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-52667-8 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Biospecimens in the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study: Rationale and protocol
Sullivan, E. L., Bogdan, R., Bakhireva, L. N., Levitt, P. R., Jones, J., Sheldon, M., Croff, J. M., Thomason, M. E., Lo, J. O.-T., MacIntyre, L., et al. (2024) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101451 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Côté, C., Rhéaume, C., Poirier, P., Despres, J., & Alméras, N. (2019) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpz087 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Lipid findings from the Diabetes Education to Lower Insulin, Sugars, and Hunger (DELISH) Study
Mason, A. E., Saslow, L. R., Moran, P. J., Kim, S., Abousleiman, H., Richler, R., Schleicher, S., Goldman, V. M., Hartman, A. R., Leung, C. W., et al. (2019) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-019-0383-2 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Shah, S. P., Shrestha, A., Pandey, S. R., Sigdel, K., Sah, N., Panthi, S., & Basnet, L. B. (2022) · Journal of Nepal Medical Association · doi:10.31729/jnma.7321 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Nasu, M., Khadka, V. S., Jijiwa, M., Kobayashi, K., & Deng, Y. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25010371 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Türkeş, G. F., Uysal, S., Demir, T., Demıral, Y., Pamuk, B. Ö., Yılmaz, H., Demir, L., Doruk, M., & Bozkaya, G. (2021) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.13248 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Imano, H., Li, J., Tanaka, M., Yamagishi, K., Muraki, I., Umesawa, M., Kiyama, M., Kitamura, A., Sato, S., & Iso, H. (2022) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.63358 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Johansen, M. Ø., Moreno‐Vedia, J., Balling, M., Smith, G. D., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2023) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117316 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationEfficacy and safety of icosapent ethyl in hypertriglyceridaemia: a recap
Parhofer, K. G., Chapman, M. J., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2020) · European Heart Journal Supplements · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/suaa116 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationHussain, A. A., Carlsson, J. M., Mortensen, E. L., Hemmingsen, S. D., Bulik, C. M., Støving, R. K., & Sjögren, J. M. (2024) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-024-01055-3 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Ichikawa, T., Okada, H., Hamaguchi, M., Hara, M., Takashima, N., Suzuki, S., Tanoue, S., Kato, Y., Nagayoshi, M., Tamura, T., et al. (2025) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-025-02634-2 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Doi, S. K., Isumi, A., & Fujiwara, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.587164 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
RSSDI consensus recommendations for dyslipidemia management in diabetes mellitus
Saboo, B., Agarwal, S., Makkar, B. M., Chawla, R., Ghosh, S. K., Viswanathan, V., Gupta, S., Kumar, C. V., Maheshwari, A., Sreenivasamurthy, L., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries · doi:10.1007/s13410-022-01063-6 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Donato, L. J., & Meeusen, J. W. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815499-1.00028-4 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Shabani, M., Rezaei, A., Badehnoosh, B., Qorbani, M., Yaseri, M., Ramezani, R., & Emaminia, F. (2020) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/ijcp.13812 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Risk Beyond Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Mayr, M., Gerszten, R. E., & Kiechl, S. J. (2018) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.040 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Xu, Y., Wu, Y., Mahmood, T., Chen, J., Guo, X., Wu, W., Wang, B., Guo, Y., & Yuan, J. (2021) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani11082183 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Beyond the Guidelines: Perspectives on Management of Pediatric Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia
Gagnon, C. A., & Ashraf, A. P. (2024) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-024-01237-z · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Christiansen, M. R., Romero-Lado, M. J., Carrasquilla, G. D., & Kilpeläinen, T. O. (2025) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf058 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Comparison of Fasting and Non-fasting Lipid Profile in Young Healthy Adults
Dipankar, S. P., & Pawar, S. (2019) · International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Physiology · doi:10.5530/ijcep.2019.6.1.3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
- Authors
- Nordestgaard, B. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Nordestgaard, Børge G.
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-09
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 1637-1646
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2756375940
- Cited by
- 223
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 4.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Keywords
- fasting lipid profile, atherogenic lipoproteins, triglycerides, remnant cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), apolipoprotein B, cardiovascular risk assessment, cardiovascular disease prevention
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Fasting, Humans, Lipids, Reproducibility of Results, Dyslipidemias
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
