Pregnancy-related anxiety: Evidence of distinct clinical significance from a prospective longitudinal study
Open accessAbstract
Background Pregnancy-related anxiety (PrA) has attracted considerable research attention, but questions remain about its distinctiveness from conventional constructs and measures. In a high psychosocial risk, ethnically diverse sample, we examine the degree to which PrA is distinct from continuous and diagnostic measures of anxiety and worry in terms of longitudinal course, associations with psychosocial and perinatal risk, and prediction of postnatal mood disturbance.Methods 345 women oversampled for prenatal anxiety and depression were selected from an urban obstetrics clinic serving a predominantly low-income, ethnically diverse population. PrA was assessed at 20 and 32 weeks gestation; anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed from questionnaire and from clinical interview at 20 and 32 weeks gestation and again at 2 and 6 months postnatally. Data relevant to psychosocial and obstetric risks were ascertained from interview, medical exam, and chart review.Results Two distinct factors of PrA were identified, indexing specific concerns about the child's health and about the birth; these two PrA factors showed distinct longitudinal patterns in the prenatal period, and modest associations with general measures of anxiety and depression from questionnaire and clinical interview. PrA was also distinguished from conventional symptom measures in its associated features and prediction of birth weight and postnatal mood.Limitations The sample was at high psychosocial risk and ethnically diverse; findings may not generalize to other samples.Conclusions PrA can be distinguished from general measures of anxiety in pregnancy in terms of longitudinal course, associated features, and prediction to postnatal mood disturbance, and may warrant specific clinical attention.
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Mothers who endorsed concerns related to pregnancy and childbirth were more likely to exhibit elevated internalizing symptoms across the perinatal period, even when controlling for past internalizing problems.
“Our findings also indicated that mothers who endorsed concerns related to pregnancy and childbirth—concerns that are distinct from general worry and anxiety [93]—were more likely to exhibit elevated internalizing symptoms across the perinatal period, even when controlling for past internalizing problems.”
From Trajectories of Maternal and Paternal Internalizing Symptoms from Pregnancy to 2 Years Postpartum: Identifying Modifiable Risk and Protective Factors (2024) · cites this paper as [93]
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- Authors
- Blackmore, E. R., Gustafsson, H., Gilchrist, M., Wyman, C., & G O’Connor, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Florida (US)
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- DePaul University (US)
- University of Rochester Medicine (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-06
- Volume
- 197
- Pages
- 251-258
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4837058
- OpenAlex
- W2298879123
- Cited by
- 186
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 14.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Health (MH073019, K23MH080290)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1 RR 024160)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Keywords
- pregnancy-related anxiety, prenatal anxiety, antenatal depression, birth weight, psychosocial risks, ethnic diversity, low-income women
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Obstetric Labor Complications, Longitudinal Studies, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Trimester, Second, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Parturition
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