Prevalence of anxiety symptom and depressive symptom among college students during COVID-19 pandemic: A meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Background The global pandemic of COVID-19 has brought huge changes to people's lifestyles, college students have also been affected seriously. Evidence about these significant changes indicated that college students were more prone to feel anxious and depressed. To derive a precise assessment of the prevalence of anxiety symptom and depressive symptom among college students worldwide, we conducted this meta-analysis. Methods Based on the guidance of PRISMA, literature was searched in Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, and PsycArticles (last search November 6, 2020). These articles after the screening were analyzed by a random-effects model to estimate the pooled prevalence of anxiety symptom and depressive symptom. Also, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were performed in this meta-analysis. Results The results showed that the pooled anxiety symptom prevalence was 31% (95% CI: 23-39%), pooled depressive symptom prevalence was 34% (95% CI: 27-41%). Subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of anxiety symptom and depressive symptom among different countries' college students were different, and the pooled depressive symptom prevalence of females was higher compared with males. Limitations The prevalence of anxiety symptom and depressive symptom in worldwide college students could be better assessed by a standard and reliable questionnaire. Conclusions The results suggest that the prevalence of anxiety symptom and depressive symptom during the COVID-19 pandemic is relatively high. Except for interventions that should be taken to control the pandemic urgently, mental health services are also needed to decrease the risk of anxiety and depression among college students.
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Other studies have shown that college students and young people in general are particularly vulnerable for developing ill mental health during the pandemic.
“Other studies have also shown that college students and young people in general are particularly vulnerable for developing ill mental health during the pandemic,3 5 7 8”
From Changes in mental health problems and suicidal behaviour in students and their associations with COVID-19-related restrictions in Norway: a national repeated cross-sectional analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
The Results report high pooled prevalences of anxiety (31%) and depressive symptoms (34%) among college students during the pandemic, and the Discussion describes the pandemic as a risk factor for their mental health. The paper does not establish that young people in general are particularly vulnerable; its analysis is limited to college students. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Chang, J.-J., Ji, Y., Li, Y.-H., Pan, H.-F., & Su, P.-Y.
- Affiliations
- Anhui Medical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Pan, Hai-Feng
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-09
- Volume
- 292
- Pages
- 242-254
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8595068
- OpenAlex
- W3168836343
- Cited by
- 275
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 69 · 2023: 83 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 12
- FWCI
- 6.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81874268)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, university students, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, prevalence, mental health, sex differences, cross-national comparison
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Anxiety, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Students, Prevalence, Pandemics
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