Physical and Psychological Effects Related to Food Habits and Lifestyle Changes Derived from COVID-19 Home Confinement in the Spanish Population
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Abstract
As a consequence of COVID-19, millions of households have suffered mobility restrictions and changes in their lifestyle over several months. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of COVID-19 home confinement on the food habits, lifestyle and emotional balance of the Spanish population. This cross-sectional study used data collected via an anonymous online questionnaire during the month before lockdown finished in Spain, with a total of 675 participants. 38.8% of the respondents experienced weight gain while 31.1% lost weight during confinement. The increase in body weight was positively correlated with age (Rs = 0.14, p < 0.05) and BMI (Rs = 0.20, p < 0.05). We also identified that 39.7% reported poorer quality sleep, positively correlated with BMI (Rs = −0.18, p < 0.05) and with age (Rs = −0.21, p < 0.05). 44.7% of the participants had not performed physical exercise during confinement with differences by sex (p < 0.05), by age (p < 0.05), by BMI (p < 0.05) and by sleep quality (p < 0.05). According to an emotional-eater questionnaire, 21.8% and 11% were classified as an emotional eater or a very emotional eater, respectively. We emphasize the importance of adopting a healthy lifestyle, as the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing.
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Evidence from the early stages of the pandemic suggests that adults with overweight and obesity were vulnerable to weight gain and changes in eating behaviour (e.g., increased emotional eating).
“Evidence from the early stages of the pandemic also suggests that adults with overweight and obesity were vulnerable to weight gain and changes in eating behaviour (e.g., increased emotional eating) [9–11].”
From Supporting Weight Management during COVID-19 (SWiM-C): twelve-month follow-up of a randomised controlled trial of a web-based, ACT-based, guided self-help intervention (2023) · cites this paper as [9]
Results §3.2 reports that participants with overweight or obesity gained weight on average during confinement. Results §3.6 links higher BMI with emotional-eating scores and reports a greater negative effect of mood on eating among participants with obesity. The paper does not establish that emotional eating increased from before confinement, so that example of a change in eating behaviour is not fully supported. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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- Authors
- López-Moreno, M., López, M. T. I., Miguel, M., & Garcés-Rimón, M.
- Affiliations
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de Alimentación (CIAL; CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología Alimentaria, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (ES)
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-11-10
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 3445
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7696994
- OpenAlex
- W3093451315
- Cited by
- 210
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 59 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 27.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Preprints.org (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deposito Digital UFV (Francisco de Vitoria University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AGL2017-89213)
- European Regional Development Fund (AGL2017-89213)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Lifestyle Studies
- Keywords
- COVID-19 lockdown, home confinement, dietary habits, lifestyle modification, weight gain, weight loss, body mass index, sleep quality, physical activity, emotional eating, emotional balance, Spanish population
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Age Factors, Body Weight, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet, Emotions, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Life Style, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Viral, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sex Factors, Sleep, Social Isolation, Spain, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Coronavirus Infections, Sedentary Behavior, Pandemics
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