Cited by 2,461Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsGeriatric Care and Nursing Homes

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2019 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures.

Alzheimer's Association·2019·Alzheimer's & Dementia

DOI 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.01.010

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Abstract

This article describes the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including incidence and prevalence, mortality and morbidity, use and costs of care, and the overall impact on caregivers and society. The Special Report examines the use of brief cognitive assessments by primary care physicians as a tool for improving early detection of dementia. An estimated 5.8 million Americans have Alzheimer's dementia. By mid‐century, the number of people living with Alzheimer's dementia in the United States may grow to 13.8 million, fueled in large part by the aging baby boom generation. In 2017, official death certificates recorded 121,404 deaths from AD, making AD the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and the fifth leading cause of death among Americans age ≥65 years. Between 2000 and 2017, deaths resulting from stroke, heart disease, and prostate cancer decreased, whereas reported deaths from AD increased 145%. In 2018, more than 16 million family members and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 18.5 billion hours of care to people with Alzheimer's or other dementias. This care is valued at nearly $234 billion, but its costs extend to family caregivers' increased risk for emotional distress and negative mental and physical health outcomes. Average per‐person Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries age ≥65 years with Alzheimer's or other dementias are more than three times as great as payments for beneficiaries without these conditions. Total payments in 2019 for health care, long‐term care and hospice services for people age ≥65 years with dementia are estimated to be $290 billion. Early detection of Alzheimer's offers numerous medical, emotional and financial benefits—benefits that accrue to affected individuals and their families as well as to society at large. Alzheimer's Association surveys regarding brief cognitive assessments for detection of dementia found that while a large majority of seniors and primary care physicians say the assessments are important, only half of seniors have received an assessment, and only 16 percent of seniors receive regular cognitive assessments. Many educational opportunities exist to facilitate increased use of brief cognitive assessments in the primary care setting.

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“Recent epidemiological studies indicate that worldwide, over 50 million individuals are affected by AD (Karlawish et al., 2017; Association, 2019) and 10 million by PD (Tysnes and Storstein, 2017; Vasili et al.”
Background
Touchscreen Cognitive Tools for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Used in Primary Care Across Diverse Cultural and Literacy Populations: A Systematic Review
Giaquinto, F., Battista, P., & Angelelli, P. (2022) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-220547 · Cited by 17
“[11].”
Acridine: A Scaffold for the Development of Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease
Sharma, A., & Piplani, P. (2023) · Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/1568026623666230203141543 · Cited by 17
Alleviating the unwanted effects of oxidative stress on Aβ clearance: a review of related concepts and strategies for the development of computational modelling
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Sociocultural factors, guilt and depression in family caregivers of people with dementia. Kinship differences
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Flavonoids as Promising Multitarget Agents in Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy
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The orchestrating role of deteriorating neurons and TREM-1 in crosstalk with SYK in Alzheimer’s disease progression and neuroinflammation
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Women’s Brain Health: Midlife Ovarian Removal Affects Associative Memory
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The efficacy and safety of anti-Aβ agents for delaying cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease: a meta-analysis
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Gradual Variation-Based Dual-Stream Deep Learning for Spatial Feature Enhancement With Dimensionality Reduction in Early Alzheimer’s Disease Detection
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Palliative Care for Dementia
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Informed consent, therapeutic misconception, and clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease
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Fatigue in Family Caregivers of Individuals With Dementia: Associations of Sleep, Depression, and Care Recipients' Functionality
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Smart treatment strategies for alleviating tauopathy and neuroinflammation to improve clinical outcome in Alzheimer's disease
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Reparative Effects of Stem Cell Factor and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Aged APP/PS1 Mice
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Shear-Induced Amyloid Aggregation in the Brain: V. Are Alzheimer’s and Other Amyloid Diseases Initiated in the Lower Brain and Brainstem by Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow Stresses?
Trumbore, C. N. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-201025 · Cited by 17
Defective Lysosomal Lipid Catabolism as a Common Pathogenic Mechanism for Dementia
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Cross-lingual detection of mild cognitive impairment based on temporal parameters of spontaneous speech
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Cardio-Dance Exercise to Improve Cognition and Mood in Older African Americans: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study
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The destructive mechanism of Aβ 1–42 protofibrils by norepinephrine revealed via molecular dynamics simulations
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Racial Disparities in Medicaid Home and Community-Based Service Utilization among White, Black, and Hispanic Adults with Multiple Sclerosis: Implications of State Policy
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Psychometric properties of the Insomnia Severity Index in a sample of family dementia caregivers
Jiménez-Gonzalo, L., Romero-Moreno, R., Pedroso-Chaparro, M. D. S., Gallego-Alberto, L., Barrera-Caballero, S., Olazarán, J., & Losada-Baltar, A. (2021) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2021.03.036 · Cited by 16
Unmet needs for assistance related to subjective cognitive decline among community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults in the US: prevalence and impact on health-related quality of life
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The effect of resistance training on sleep in Chinese older adults: A randomized controlled trial
Li, Z., Li, J., Yu, G., Yu, F., Li, K., & Szanton, S. L. (2020) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2020.09.002 · Cited by 16
In silico -determined compound from the root of Pueraria lobate alleviates synaptic plasticity injury induced by Alzheimer's disease via the p38MAPK-CREB signaling pathway
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Quinuclidine-Based Carbamates as Potential CNS Active Compounds
Matošević, A., Kastelić, A. R., Mikelić, A., Zandona, A., Katalinić, M., Primožič, I., Bosak, A., & Hrenar, T. (2021) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13030420 · Cited by 16
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease Associates with Upregulated Angiopoietin and Downregulated Hypoxia-Inducible Factor
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Development of Pervasive IoT Based Healthcare Monitoring System for Alzheimer Patients
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Multifunctional Small Molecules as Potential Anti-Alzheimer’s Disease Agents
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“Many studies have documented that weak ties promote access to novel ideas and knowledge about social activities, opportunities, stress, or health problems, and thus provide individuals with more diverse informational support (Barak et al., 2008; Granovetter, 1973; Wright & Miller, 2010).”
Background
Patient cognitive impairment associated with higher home health care delivery costs
Burgdorf, J. G., Sen, A. P., & Wolff, J. L. (2021) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6773.13928 · Cited by 14
Gender Differences in Demographic and Pharmacological Factors in Patients Diagnosed with Late-Onset of Alzheimer’s Disease
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Altered Angular Gyrus Resting State Functional Connectivity Associated with Financial Capacity in Mild Cognitive Impairment
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“An estimated 6.2 million Americans have Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and this number is projected to grow to 13.8 million by mid-century [2].”
Influential
Altered TIMP-3 Levels in the Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease
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Educational and Clinical Associations With Longitudinal Cognitive Function and Brain Imaging in American Indians
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Knowledge of Alzheimer’s disease among the healthcare staff in a medical college hospital of India
Singh, J., Agrawal, A., Kumari, S., Tomar, S., Karn, A., & Singh, A. K. (2022) · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_571_22 · Cited by 16
Diagnosis of Early Mild Cognitive Impairment Based on Associated High-Order Functional Connection Network Generated by Multimodal MRI
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Effects of a Video-based Intervention on Caregiver Confidence for Managing Dementia Care Challenges: Findings from the FamTechCare Clinical Trial
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Ameliorating amyloid aggregation through osmolytes as a probable therapeutic molecule against Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes
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Expectations and Concerns of Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment About Their Relationship With Medical Providers: A Call for Therapeutic Alliances
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Ethical and Regulatory Issues for Embedded Pragmatic Trials Involving People Living with Dementia
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Race and medicine in light of the new mechanistic philosophy of science
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Authors: Alzheimer's Association
Corresponding author: Alzheimer's Association
Venue: Alzheimer's & Dementia
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2019-03
Volume: 15
Issue: 3
Pages: 321-387
ISSN: 1552-5260 (ISSN-L)
1552-5279
DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.01.010
OpenAlex: W4211139529
Cited by: 2,461
References: 496
Citations by year: 2026: 108 · 2025: 214 · 2024: 245 · 2023: 310 · 2022: 357 · 2021: 558 · 2020: 544 · 2019: 120
FWCI: 316.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Alzheimer s & Dementia (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, dementia

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