Cited by 2,461Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsGeriatric Care and Nursing Homes

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2019 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures.

Alzheimer's Association·2019·Alzheimer's & Dementia

DOI 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.01.010

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Abstract

This article describes the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including incidence and prevalence, mortality and morbidity, use and costs of care, and the overall impact on caregivers and society. The Special Report examines the use of brief cognitive assessments by primary care physicians as a tool for improving early detection of dementia. An estimated 5.8 million Americans have Alzheimer's dementia. By mid‐century, the number of people living with Alzheimer's dementia in the United States may grow to 13.8 million, fueled in large part by the aging baby boom generation. In 2017, official death certificates recorded 121,404 deaths from AD, making AD the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and the fifth leading cause of death among Americans age ≥65 years. Between 2000 and 2017, deaths resulting from stroke, heart disease, and prostate cancer decreased, whereas reported deaths from AD increased 145%. In 2018, more than 16 million family members and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 18.5 billion hours of care to people with Alzheimer's or other dementias. This care is valued at nearly $234 billion, but its costs extend to family caregivers' increased risk for emotional distress and negative mental and physical health outcomes. Average per‐person Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries age ≥65 years with Alzheimer's or other dementias are more than three times as great as payments for beneficiaries without these conditions. Total payments in 2019 for health care, long‐term care and hospice services for people age ≥65 years with dementia are estimated to be $290 billion. Early detection of Alzheimer's offers numerous medical, emotional and financial benefits—benefits that accrue to affected individuals and their families as well as to society at large. Alzheimer's Association surveys regarding brief cognitive assessments for detection of dementia found that while a large majority of seniors and primary care physicians say the assessments are important, only half of seniors have received an assessment, and only 16 percent of seniors receive regular cognitive assessments. Many educational opportunities exist to facilitate increased use of brief cognitive assessments in the primary care setting.

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“AD is the most common neurodegenerative disease, mainly affecting women, with an estimated lifetime risk at age 45 of about 20% for women and 10% for men [140].”
Background
Using Computer Tablets to Improve Moods for Older Adults With Dementia and Interactions With Their Caregivers: Pilot Intervention Study
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Exposure of CuO Nanoparticles Contributes to Cellular Apoptosis, Redox Stress, and Alzheimer’s Aβ Amyloidosis
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Overcoming Alzheimer’s Disease Stigma by Leveraging Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain Technologies
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Defining the Neural Kinome: Strategies and Opportunities for Small Molecule Drug Discovery to Target Neurodegenerative Diseases
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Entropy Slicing Extraction and Transfer Learning Classification for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer Diseases with sMRI
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Cigarette Smoking Status, Cigarette Exposure, and Duration of Abstinence Predicting Incident Dementia and Death: A Multistate Model Approach
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Europium-Doped Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles for Microglial Amyloid Beta Clearance and Homeostasis
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p-Coumaric acid mitigates passive avoidance memory and hippocampal synaptic plasticity impairments in aluminum chloride-induced Alzheimer's disease rat model
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Improving Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis With Multi-Modal PET Embedding Features by a 3D Multi-Task MLP-Mixer Neural Network
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“The characteristics of AD include cortical and hippocampus atrophy, the accumulation of beta-amyloid peptides and abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein in the brain, and the decline of brain glucose metabolism [1], [2], [3].”
Background
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“…memory loss, language difﬁculties (aphasia), difﬁculties in carrying out 160 motor tasks (apraxia), challenges in recognizing familiar objects or people (agnosia), impaired visual–spatial skills, problems with executive function, and noticeable changes in personality and behavior [200–202].”
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Input Agnostic Deep Learning for Alzheimer’s Disease Classification Using Multimodal MRI Images
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A Two-Stage Model for Predicting Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer’s Disease Conversion
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“Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a severe neurodegenerative disease, is the most common type of dementia (Heun et al., 1997; Association, 2019).”
Background
Mechanistic Insights, Treatment Paradigms, and Clinical Progress in Neurological Disorders: Current and Future Prospects
Alkahtani, S. H., AL–Johani, N. S., & Alarifi, S. A. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24021340 · Cited by 36
Cultural differences in caring for people with dementia: a pilot study of concern about losing face and loneliness in Chinese American and European American caregivers
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“This is consistent with the fact that most Chinese American caregivers were caring for people with AD, which typically has a later age of onset compared to frontotemporal dementia (Alzheimer’s Association, 2019).”
Result
Infection burden, periodontal pathogens, and their interactive association with incident all‐cause and Alzheimer's disease dementia in a large national survey
Beydoun, M. A., Beydoun, H. A., Hedges, D. W., Erickson, L. D., Gale, S. D., Weiss, J., El‐Hajj, Z. W., Evans, M. K., & Zonderman, A. B. (2024) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.14141 · Cited by 30

Authors: Alzheimer's Association
Corresponding author: Alzheimer's Association
Venue: Alzheimer's & Dementia
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2019-03
Volume: 15
Issue: 3
Pages: 321-387
ISSN: 1552-5260 (ISSN-L)
1552-5279
DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.01.010
OpenAlex: W4211139529
Cited by: 2,461
References: 496
Citations by year: 2026: 108 · 2025: 214 · 2024: 245 · 2023: 310 · 2022: 357 · 2021: 558 · 2020: 544 · 2019: 120
FWCI: 316.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Alzheimer s & Dementia (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, dementia

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