Cited by 2,461Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsGeriatric Care and Nursing Homes

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2019 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures.

Alzheimer's Association·2019·Alzheimer's & Dementia

DOI 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.01.010

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Abstract

This article describes the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including incidence and prevalence, mortality and morbidity, use and costs of care, and the overall impact on caregivers and society. The Special Report examines the use of brief cognitive assessments by primary care physicians as a tool for improving early detection of dementia. An estimated 5.8 million Americans have Alzheimer's dementia. By mid‐century, the number of people living with Alzheimer's dementia in the United States may grow to 13.8 million, fueled in large part by the aging baby boom generation. In 2017, official death certificates recorded 121,404 deaths from AD, making AD the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and the fifth leading cause of death among Americans age ≥65 years. Between 2000 and 2017, deaths resulting from stroke, heart disease, and prostate cancer decreased, whereas reported deaths from AD increased 145%. In 2018, more than 16 million family members and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 18.5 billion hours of care to people with Alzheimer's or other dementias. This care is valued at nearly $234 billion, but its costs extend to family caregivers' increased risk for emotional distress and negative mental and physical health outcomes. Average per‐person Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries age ≥65 years with Alzheimer's or other dementias are more than three times as great as payments for beneficiaries without these conditions. Total payments in 2019 for health care, long‐term care and hospice services for people age ≥65 years with dementia are estimated to be $290 billion. Early detection of Alzheimer's offers numerous medical, emotional and financial benefits—benefits that accrue to affected individuals and their families as well as to society at large. Alzheimer's Association surveys regarding brief cognitive assessments for detection of dementia found that while a large majority of seniors and primary care physicians say the assessments are important, only half of seniors have received an assessment, and only 16 percent of seniors receive regular cognitive assessments. Many educational opportunities exist to facilitate increased use of brief cognitive assessments in the primary care setting.

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Yang, H., Liao, Z., Zhou, Y., Gao, Z., & Mao, Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1375379 · Cited by 25
Oral administration of encapsulated catechin in chitosan‐alginate nanoparticles improves cognitive function and neurodegeneration in an aluminum chloride‐induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease
Mohammadbaghban, E., Taravati, A., Najafzadehvarzi, H., Khaleghzadeh‐Ahangar, H., & Tohidi, F. (2024) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.16095 · Cited by 28
“AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of individuals all around the world without any definitive treatment option (Association As, 2019).”
Background
Extraction of sleep information from clinical notes of Alzheimer’s disease patients using natural language processing
Sivarajkumar, S., Tam, T. Y. C., Mohammad, H. A., Viggiano, S., Oniani, D., Visweswaran, S., & Wang, Y. (2024) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocae177 · Cited by 24
The Older Americans Act and Family Caregiving: Perspectives from Federal and State Levels
Bangerter, L. R., Fadel, M., Riffin, C. A., & Splaine, M. (2019) · Public Policy & Aging Report · doi:10.1093/ppar/prz006 · Cited by 24
Development of Alzheimer’s Disease Progressively Alters Sex-Dependent KCa and Sex-Independent KIR Channel Function in Cerebrovascular Endothelium
Hakim, M. A., & Behringer, E. J. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-200085 · Cited by 24
Potential Role of Phenolic Extracts of Mentha in Managing Oxidative Stress and Alzheimer’s Disease
Hanafy, D. M., Burrows, G. E., Prenzler, P. D., & Hill, R. A. (2020) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox9070631 · Cited by 26
Left Ventricular Mass Index Is Associated With Cognitive Function in Middle-Age
Razavi, A. C., Fernandez, C., He, J., Kelly, T. N., Krousel-Wood, M. A., Whelton, S. P., Carmichael, O. T., & Bazzano, L. (2020) · Circulation Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1161/circimaging.119.010335 · Cited by 24
Dyadic Group Exercises for Persons with Memory Deficits and Care Partners: Mixed-Method Findings from the Paired Preventing Loss of Independence through Exercise (PLIÉ) Randomized Trial
Mehling, W. E., Scott, T. M., Duffy, J., Whitmer, R. A., Chesney, M. A., Boscardin, W. J., & Barnes, D. E. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-200713 · Cited by 27
Enhancement of select cognitive domains with rosiglitazone implicates dorsal hippocampus circuitry sensitive to PPARγ agonism in an Alzheimer's mouse model
Cortez, I., Hernandez, C. M., & Dineley, K. T. (2020) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.1973 · Cited by 23
A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial Testing the Impact of Function and Behavior Focused Care for Nursing Home Residents With Dementia
Galik, E. M., Resnick, B. M., Holmes, S., Vigne, E. O., Lynch, K., Ellis, J., Zhu, S., & Barr, E. A. (2021) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2020.12.020 · Cited by 23
Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies in the Proteoform Spectrum—Tools and Challenges
Noor, A., Zafar, S., & Zerr, I. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22031085 · Cited by 25
The Role of Age on Beta-Amyloid1–42 Plasma Levels in Healthy Subjects
Zecca, C., Pasculli, G., Tortelli, R., Dell’Abate, M. T., Capozzo, R., Barulli, M. R., Barone, R., Accogli, M., Arima, S., Pollice, A., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.698571 · Cited by 26
Inhibition of GSK_3β by Iridoid Glycosides of Snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus) Effective in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Computational Drug Design Methods
Eskandarzadeh, M., Kordestani-Moghadam, P., Pourmand, S., Fard, J. K., Almassian, B., & Gharaghani, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Chemistry · doi:10.3389/fchem.2021.709932 · Cited by 24
Alzheimer’s Disease Variant Portal: A Catalog of Genetic Findings for Alzheimer’s Disease
Kuksa, P. P., Liu, C., Fu, W., Qu, L., Zhao, Y., Katanić, Ž., Clark, K., Kuzma, A. B., Ho, P., Tzeng, K., et al. (2022) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-215055 · Cited by 22
The Competence Scale in Managing Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (CS-MBPSD) for family caregivers: Instrument development and cross-sectional validation study
Cheon, H., Song, J., Kim, J., & Jung, S. (2022) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104205 · Cited by 24
A Hybrid Deep Learning Method for Early and Late Mild Cognitive Impairment Diagnosis With Incomplete Multimodal Data
Jin, L., Zhao, K., Zhao, Y., Che, T., & Li, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroinformatics · doi:10.3389/fninf.2022.843566 · Cited by 24
“Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common irreversible neurodegenerative diseases with progressive and irreversible characteristics, and suﬀerers of AD account for 50–80% (Guillon et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2018; Alzheimer’s Association, 2019) of all types of dementia patients.”
Background
A Bibliometric Review on Gut Microbiome and Alzheimer’s Disease Between 2012 and 2021
Trejo-Castro, A. I., Carrión-Álvarez, D., Martínez‐Torteya, A., & Rangel‐Escareño, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.804177 · Cited by 24
Cognitive resilience and severe Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology
Ahangari, N., Fischer, C. E., Schweizer, T. A., & Muñoz, D. G. (2023) · Aging Brain · doi:10.1016/j.nbas.2023.100065 · Cited by 23
Integrating Visualised Automatic Temporal Relation Graph into Multi-Task Learning for Alzheimer's Disease Progression Prediction
Zhou, M., Wang, X., Liu, T., Yang, Y., & Yang, P. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering · doi:10.1109/tkde.2024.3385712 · Cited by 24
“This is in line with other AD studies [52] because it has long been known that the hippocampus plays a key role in the development of AD.”
Result
Carboxamides vs. methanimines: Crystal structures, binding interactions, photophysical studies, and biological evaluation of (indazole-5-yl)methanimines as monoamine oxidase B and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Tzvetkov, N. T., Stammler, H., Georgieva, M. G., Russo, D., Faraone, I., Balacheva, A. A., Hristova, S., Atanasov, A. G., Milella, L., Antonov, L., et al. (2019) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.041 · Cited by 24
Neurobehavioral investigation and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity study for some new coumarin derivatives
Mahmoud, W. R., Nissan, Y. M., Elsawah, M. M., Refaey, R. H., Ragab, M. F., & Amin, K. M. (2019) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111651 · Cited by 24
Feasibility of In-Home Sensor Monitoring to Detect Mild Cognitive Impairment in Aging Military Veterans: Prospective Observational Study
Seelye, A. M., Leese, M. I., Dorociak, K. E., Bouranis, N., Mattek, N., Sharma, N., Beattie, Z., Riley, T., Lee, J., Cosgrove, K., et al. (2020) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/16371 · Cited by 24
Alzheimer's Disease and Alzheimer's disease-related dementias in older African American and white veterans
Cheng, Y., Ahmed, A., Zamrini, E., Tsuang, D. W., Sheriff, H. M., & Zeng-Treitler, Q. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-191188 · Cited by 20
Cumulative Genetic Risk and APOE ε4 Are Independently Associated With Dementia Status in a Multiethnic, Population-Based Cohort
Bakulski, K. M., Vadari, H. S., Faul, J. D., Heeringa, S. G., Kardia, S. L. R., Langa, K. M., Smith, J. A., Manly, J. J., Mitchell, C. M., Benke, K. S., et al. (2021) · Neurology Genetics · doi:10.1212/nxg.0000000000000576 · Cited by 20
Assessing Equitable Inclusion of Underrepresented Older Adults in Alzheimer’s Disease, Related Cognitive Disorders, and Aging-Related Research: A Scoping Review
Godbole, N., Kwon, S. C., Beasley, J. M., Roberts, T. R., Kranick, J. A., Smilowitz, J., Park, A., Sherman, S. E., Trinh‐Shevrin, C., & Chodosh, J. (2022) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnac060 · Cited by 23
A Modality-Flexible Framework for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis Following Clinical Routine
Zhang, Y., Sun, K., Liu, Y., Xie, F., Guo, Q., & Shen, D. G. (2024) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2024.3472011 · Cited by 26
Epigenetic Explorations of Neurological Disorders, the Identification Methods, and Therapeutic Avenues
Firdaus, Z., & Li, X. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms252111658 · Cited by 26
Chemical Characterization and Bioactive Properties of Different Extracts from Fibigia clypeata, an Unexplored Plant Food
Zengin, G., Mahomoodally, M. F., Rocchetti, G., Lucini, L., Sieniawska, E., Świątek, Ł., Rajtar, B., Polz‐Dacewicz, M., Şenkardeş, İ., Aktümsek, A., et al. (2020) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods9060705 · Cited by 23
Effect of C-terminus amidation of Aβ 39–42 fragment derived peptides as potential inhibitors of Aβ aggregation
Kapadia, A., Patel, A., Sharma, K. K., Maurya, I. K., Singh, V., Khullar, M., & Jain, R. (2020) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d0ra04788k · Cited by 23
Detecting dementia among older, ethnically diverse residents of rural subsidized housing
Wiese, L. K., Williams, C. L., Hain, D. J., Newman, D. M., Houston, C. P., Kaack, C., & Galvin, J. E. (2020) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2020.09.005 · Cited by 23
Testing the Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire in an Alzheimer’s Disease Population
Garba, A. E., Grossberg, G. T., Enard, K. R., Jano, F. J., Roberts, E. N., Marx, C., & Buchanan, P. M. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports · doi:10.3233/adr-200244 · Cited by 23
Cognitive leisure activity and all-cause mortality in older adults: a 4-year community-based cohort
Liu, X., Ruan, Y., Huang, L., Guo, Y., Sun, S., Chen, H., Gao, J., Shi, Y., & Xiao, Q. (2021) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-021-02180-3 · Cited by 22
Heart-focused breathing and perceptions of burden in Alzheimer's caregivers: An online randomized controlled pilot study
James, T., James, D. L., & Larkey, L. (2021) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.02.006 · Cited by 30
Automated detection, selection and classification of hippocampal landmark points for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease
Poloni, K. M., & Ferrari, R. J. (2021) · Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106581 · Cited by 27
A Multi-modal Data Platform for Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Machine Learning Methods
Pang, Z., Wang, X., Wang, X.-L., Qi, J., Zhao, Z., Gao, Y., Yang, Y., & Yang, P. (2021) · Journal on spesial topics in mobile networks and applications · doi:10.1007/s11036-021-01834-1 · Cited by 21
Comparison of Oleocanthal-Low EVOO and Oleocanthal against Amyloid-β and Related Pathology in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Abdallah, I. M., Al-Shami, K. M., Alkhalifa, A. E., Al-Ghraiybah, N. F., Guillaume, C., & Kaddoumi, A. (2023) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules28031249 · Cited by 27
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Ban, Y., Lao, H., Li, B., Su, W., & Zhang, X. (2023) · Journal of Biomedical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2023.104326 · Cited by 23
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How Accurately Do Patients and Their Care Partners Report Results of Amyloid-β PET Scans for Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment?
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Authors: Alzheimer's Association
Corresponding author: Alzheimer's Association
Venue: Alzheimer's & Dementia
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2019-03
Volume: 15
Issue: 3
Pages: 321-387
ISSN: 1552-5260 (ISSN-L)
1552-5279
DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.01.010
OpenAlex: W4211139529
Cited by: 2,461
References: 496
Citations by year: 2026: 108 · 2025: 214 · 2024: 245 · 2023: 310 · 2022: 357 · 2021: 558 · 2020: 544 · 2019: 120
FWCI: 316.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Alzheimer s & Dementia (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, dementia

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