Just to be certain: Confirming the factor structure of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Abstract
Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a cognitive construct in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); yet no studies exist confirming the factor structure of the most widely used measure of IU, the intolerance of uncertainty scale (IUS), in OCD patients. Moreover, no studies have examined how scores on this measure relate to OCD symptom dimensions. Accordingly, the present study examined a 12-item two-factor revised version of the IUS (IUS-12) in 205 OCD patients. Confirmatory factor analysis verified the scale's two-factor structure. The measure also demonstrated high internal consistency and the IUS-12 was correlated moderately with another self-report measure of IU. Finally, theoretically consistent and specific relationships emerged between the IUS-12 and OCD symptom dimensions. These findings are discussed in terms of implications for the assessment and treatment of OCD, and specifically how elevated scores on the IUS-12 subscales may be utilized to identify subtleties in the presentation of OCD-related problems with IU.
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The IUS-SF has satisfactory convergent validity with anxiety, worry, and depression, high internal consistency (α > 0.9), and a factor structure replicated in an OCD sample.
“In the original scale development research, it was found to have satisfactory convergent validity with assessments of anxiety and worry, as well as depression.”
From Conducting exposure and response prevention treatment for contamination fears during COVID-19: The behavioral immune system impact on clinician approaches to treatment (2020) · cites this paper as Jacoby, Fabricant, Leonard, Riemann, & Abramowitz, 2013
Intolerance of uncertainty has been linked to OCD, PTSD, panic disorder, and most other anxiety disorders.
“intolerance of uncertainty has also been linked to OCD (Holaway, Heimberg, & Coles, 2006; Jacoby, Fabricant, Leonard, Riemann, & Abramowitz, 2013; Tolin, Abramowitz, Brigidi, & Foa, 2003), PTSD (Boelen, Reijntjes, & Smid, 2016; Oglesby, Boffa, Short, Raines, & Schmidt, 2016), panic disorder (Carleton et al., 2014; Carleton, Fetzner, Hackl, & McEvoy, 2013), and most other anxiety disorders (see Car”
From Enhancing Inhibitory Learning: The Utility of Variability in Exposure (2019) · cites this paper as Jacoby, Fabricant, Leonard, Riemann, & Abramowitz, 2013
There has been considerable support for a two-factor IUS-12 structure: a 7-item prospective IU scale and a 5-item inhibitory IU scale.
“there has been considerable support for a two-factor IUS-12 structure: (1) a 7-item prospective IU scale related to action/approach-oriented strategies in order to increase certainty (e.g. seeking more information), and (2) a 5-item inhibitory IU associated with inaction/avoidance-oriented thoughts and behaviours (e.g. delayed decision-making) [251, 259, 264–271].”
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- Authors
- Jacoby, R. J., Fabricant, L. E., Leonard, R. C., Riemann, B. C., & Abramowitz, J. S.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jacoby, Ryan J.
- Venue
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-06
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 535-542
- ISSN
- 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1989975710
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 7.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
- Keywords
- intolerance of uncertainty, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, factor structure, OCD symptom dimensions, cognitive vulnerability, scale validation, internal consistency
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Psychometrics, Stress, Psychological, Cohort Studies, Multivariate Analysis, Young Adult, Self Report
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