Further clarifying prospective and inhibitory intolerance of uncertainty: Factorial and construct validity of test scores from the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale.

Hong, Ryan Y.; Lee, Stephanie S. M.

doi:10.1037/pas0000074

Cited by 170Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychometric Methodologies and TestingPersonality Traits and Psychology

Further clarifying prospective and inhibitory intolerance of uncertainty: Factorial and construct validity of test scores from the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale.

Hong, Ryan Y., Lee, Stephanie S. M.·2015·Psychological Assessment

DOI 10.1037/pas0000074

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Abstract

The Intolerance to Uncertainty Scale (IUS) was developed to measure a dispositional tendency to react negatively to uncertain events, regardless of the occurrence probability of those events. Recent evidence suggests a 2-factor structure underlying the IUS; 1 factor measuring a prospective aspect (i.e., desire for predictability) and the other assessing an inhibitory aspect (i.e., uncertainty paralysis). The factorial and construct validity of the IUS test scores among undergraduate students in Singapore were examined in the present research using exploratory (n = 565) and confirmatory (n = 898) factor analyses. Results indicated that a 2-factor model was preferred over a unitary-factor model. The construct validity of the IUS (and subscale) scores was examined using a comprehensive nomological network of psychopathology and personality/affectivity variables. Differential relations were observed for the prospective and inhibitory components, providing support that the 2 subscales assessed unique aspects of the intolerance of uncertainty construct. An 18-item modified version of IUS was also proposed and its test scores had stronger validity evidence than scores from the widely used 12-item version.

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There has been considerable support for a two-factor IUS-12 structure: a 7-item prospective IU scale and a 5-item inhibitory IU scale.
“there has been considerable support for a two-factor IUS-12 structure: (1) a 7-item prospective IU scale related to action/approach-oriented strategies in order to increase certainty (e.g. seeking more information), and (2) a 5-item inhibitory IU associated with inaction/avoidance-oriented thoughts and behaviours (e.g. delayed decision-making) [251, 259, 264–271].”
From Infraslow closed-loop brain training for anxiety and depression (ISAD): a protocol for a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled pilot trial in adult females with internalizing disorders (2022) · cites this paper as [265]
Both the IU-27 and the IU-12 have robust psychometrics, including good internal reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity.
“Both the IU-27 and the IU-12 have robust psychometrics, including good internal reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity (18,43,47).”
From I Doubt It Is Safe: A Meta-analysis of Self-reported Intolerance of Uncertainty and Threat Extinction Training (2021) · cites this paper as [43]

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Authors: Hong, R. Y., & Lee, S. S. M.
Affiliations: National University of Singapore (SG)
ORCID: Hong, Ryan Y.
Lee, Stephanie S. M.
Venue: Psychological Assessment
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2015-06
Volume: 27
Issue: 2
Pages: 605-620
ISSN: 1040-3590 (ISSN-L)
1939-134X
DOI: 10.1037/pas0000074
OpenAlex: W2122741063
Cited by: 170
References: 82
Citations by year: 2026: 26 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 2
FWCI: 17.59
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Assessment (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Keywords: intolerance of uncertainty, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, two-factor structure, factorial validity, construct validity, nomological network, psychopathology, personality, affectivity, undergraduate students
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Character, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Male, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Personality Assessment, Prospective Studies, Psychometrics, Risk Factors, Singapore, Students, Uncertainty, Young Adult

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Further clarifying prospective and inhibitory intolerance of uncertainty: Factorial and construct validity of test scores from the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale.

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