Latent dimensions of social anxiety disorder: A re-evaluation of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN)
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The Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN; Connor et al., 2000) is a well-validated instrument for assessing severity of social anxiety disorder (SAD). However, evaluations of its factor structure have produced inconsistent results and this aspect of the scale requires further study. Primary care patients with SAD (N=397) completed the SPIN as part of baseline assessment for the Coordinated Anxiety Learning and Management study (Roy-Byrne et al., 2010). These data were used for exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the SPIN. A 3-factor model provided the best fit for the data and factors were interpreted as Fear of Negative Evaluation, Fear of Physical Symptoms, and Fear of Uncertainty in Social Situations. Tests of a second-order model showed that the three factors loaded strongly on a single higher-order factor that was labeled Social Anxiety. Findings are consistent with theories identifying Fear of Negative Evaluation as the core feature of SAD, and with evidence that anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty further contribute to SAD severity.
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Factor analyses have identified three factors captured by the SPIN: fear of negative evaluation, fear of physical symptoms, and fear of uncertainty in social situations.
“Factor analyses have identified three factors captured by the SPIN: fear of negative evaluation, fear of physical symptoms (i.e., akin to anxiety sensitivity), and fear of uncertainty (i.e., akin to intolerance of uncertainty) in social situations (Campbell-Sills et al., 2015).”
From Evaluating Mechanisms: Mapping Weekly Dynamics between Experiential Avoidance and SAD Symptoms (2021) · cites this paper as Campbell-Sills et al., 2015
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- Authors
- Campbell-Sills, L., Espejo, E., Ayers, C. R., Roy-Byrne, P., & Stein, M. B.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-12
- Volume
- 36
- Pages
- 84-91
- ISSN
- 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4658241
- OpenAlex
- W1446731391
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 2.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- social anxiety disorder, Social Phobia Inventory, factor structure, latent dimensions, fear of negative evaluation, intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety sensitivity, primary care patients, second-order factor model
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Inventory, Phobic Disorders, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Uncertainty, Young Adult
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