PTSD Elderly War Veterans: A Clinical Controlled Pilot Study
Abstract
Around 25,000 war veterans in Portugal suffer posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This clinically controlled study evaluates virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) as an alternative procedure to reduce PTSD symptoms. Ten patients were assigned to three groups: VRET, exposure in imagination (EI), and waiting list (WL). The patients were Portuguese veterans from a series of wars fought in former African colonies more than 30 years ago. While the EI group participated in traditional imagination therapy, the VRET group was exposed to a virtual reality (VR) war scenario. Cues such as ambush, mortar blasting, and waiting for rescue were used in the VR. Patients enrolled in the VRET group showed statistical reduction of PTSD-associated disorders like depression and anxiety. Far from being conclusive, this pilot study nonetheless presents some promising data on the use of VRET on old war veteran populations.
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The review identified that virtual reality exposure therapy was very effective for war PTSD.
“Three studies11,27,32 indicated that virtual reality exposure therapy was very effective for war posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).”
From Game-based digital interventions for depression therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2014) · cites this paper as [32]
The unique experience of virtual reality exposure therapy was reported to be particularly effective for reducing depression caused by fear.
“The unique experience of virtual reality exposure therapy was reported to be particularly effective for reducing depression caused by fear.27,32”
From Game-based digital interventions for depression therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2014) · cites this paper as [32]
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- Authors
- Gamito, P., Oliveira, J., Rosa, P., Morais, D., Duarte, N., Oliveira, S., & Saraiva, T.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias (PT)
- Iscte – Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (PT)
- APOIAR, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Corresponding author
- Gamito, Pedro
- Venue
- Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2010-02
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 43-48
- ISSN
- 2152-2715 (ISSN-L)
- 2152-2723
- OpenAlex
- W2093108967
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 7.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- COPELABS Scientific commons (Universidade Lusófona) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Nvidia
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, war veterans, older veterans, virtual reality exposure therapy, exposure therapy, depression, anxiety
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Combat Disorders, Computer Simulation, Humans, Imagination, Implosive Therapy, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Portugal, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, User-Computer Interface, Veterans, Warfare, Treatment Outcome
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