The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 2 of the 53 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling – A review
Open accessAbstract
This paper reviews studies of the environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling, to provide a summary of the current knowledge and point out areas for further research. Forty-one studies were reviewed, whereof 85% deal with recycling and 41% with reuse (27% cover both reuse and recycling). Fibre recycling is the most studied recycling type (57%), followed by polymer/oligomer recycling (37%), monomer recycling (29%), and fabric recycling (14%). Cotton (76%) and polyester (63%) are the most studied materials. The reviewed publications provide strong support for claims that textile reuse and recycling in general reduce environmental impact compared to incineration and landfilling, and that reuse is more beneficial than recycling. The studies do, however, expose scenarios under which reuse and recycling are not beneficial for certain environmental impacts. For example, as benefits mainly arise due to the avoided production of new products, benefits may not occur in cases with low replacement rates or if the avoided production processes are relatively clean. Also, for reuse, induced customer transport may cause environmental impact that exceeds the benefits of avoided production, unless the use phase is sufficiently extended. In terms of critical methodological assumptions, authors most often assume that textiles sent to recycling are wastes free of environmental burden, and that reused products and products made from recycled materials replace products made from virgin fibres. Examples of other content mapped in the review are: trends of publications over time, common aims and geographical scopes, commonly included and omitted impact categories, available sources of primary inventory data, knowledge gaps and future research needs. The latter include the need to study cascade systems, to explore the potential of combining various reuse and recycling routes.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This review synthesizes 41 studies on the environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling, finding broad support that reuse and recycling generally reduce impacts compared with incineration and landfilling, and that reuse is usually more beneficial than recycling. It also identifies conditions under which benefits may not occur, especially low replacement rates, fossil-powered recycling, and transport burdens in reuse.
Key findings
- The review covers 41 publications: 85% deal with recycling, 44% with reuse, and 29% with both. Fibre recycling is most studied (57%), followed by polymer/oligomer recycling (37%), monomer recycling (23%), and fabric recycling (14%). Cotton is the most studied material (76%), followed by polyester (63%), viscose (25%), and wool (20%).
- The literature strongly supports that textile reuse and recycling generally reduce environmental impact compared to incineration and landfilling, and that reuse is more beneficial than recycling, except under certain circumstances related to transportation distances.
- Benefits mainly arise from avoided production of new products. Studies expose scenarios where reuse/recycling may not be beneficial: low replacement rates, recycling powered by fossil energy, avoided production processes that are relatively clean, and for reuse, induced customer transport that exceeds avoided-production benefits unless the use phase is sufficiently extended.
- Climate change is by far the most studied impact category, covered in 39 of 41 studies; energy use is second, covered in 18. Authors most often assume textiles sent to recycling are waste free of environmental burden (cut-off allocation) and that reused/recycled products replace virgin-fibre products (system expansion), often with an unjustified 1:1 replacement rate.
Methods
- Literature review in two steps: searching Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar in May–June 2017 with a Boolean search string, then applying inclusion/exclusion rules. This yielded 41 publications: 21 peer-reviewed papers and 20 other publication types.
- Content was mapped using questions on aims, methods, product systems, reuse/recycling type, materials, geographical scope, allocation methods, primary inventory data, impact categories, conclusions, and citations between studies.
- All 41 publications are either a full LCA, a streamlined/partial LCA, or use LCA data as input; the review synthesizes results descriptively and maps citation linkages.
Limitations
- Stated gaps: need more detailed studies and updated, publicly available primary inventory data, particularly for collection and sorting processes and for monomer and polymer recycling; only 10 of the 41 reviewed studies contain primary data on reuse or recycling processes.
- Stated gaps: lack of studies on cascade systems, actual replacement rates for different markets and product types, and future systems accounting for changes in background systems.
- Evident from the text: the search was limited to English and Swedish and excluded studies before 2003; 20 of 41 publications were not peer-reviewed; collection and/or sorting were fully or partly excluded in about half of the studies; and many studies focus narrowly on climate change and energy use, risking missed impacts and problem shifting.
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Cites
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Verification
Claims the paper makes
2 of 53 cited sources checked · 1 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“As the length of the fibres and the constituent molecules are reduced by wear and laundry (Palme et al., 2014), fabric and fibre recycling typically yields materials of lower quality (if quality is defined in terms of fibre quality) than materials made from virgin fibres (unless mixed with yarn from virgin fibres).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1.1. A topology of textile reuse and recycling
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Palme et al., 2014 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction says laundering reduces the degree of polymerization of cotton cellulose, and the Abstract reports a substantial decrease in molecular mass after more than 50 launderings. These support shortening of the constituent molecules. The paper describes fibre abrasion and damage in Results and discussion, but does not establish that wear and laundering reduce fibre length. The citation is attached to that first clause, not to the subsequent claim about recycled-material quality or mixing with virgin yarn. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Polymer, oligomer and monomer recycling is, however, hindered by a lack of technologies for sorting and separation into pure enough fractions ( € Ostlund et al., 2015), although there have recently been significant breakthroughs in the separation of cotton/polyester blends (Palme et al., 2017).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1.2. Current status of textile reuse and recycling
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Palme et al., 2017 source
The Conclusions report a method that separates polycotton sheets into cotton residue and PET-derived monomers, yielding pure cotton and terephthalic acid streams. The Background says the authors found no prior research papers on alkaline hydrolysis of PET in polycotton as a recycling method. Together, these passages support the paraphrase that the study represents a recent significant advance in separating cotton/polyester blends. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fibre recycling is the most studied recycling type (57%), followed by polymer/oligomer recycling (37%), monomer recycling (29%), and fabric recycling (14%).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fibre recycling is the most studied recycling type (57%), followed by polymer/oligomer recycling (37%), monomer recycling (29%), and fabric recycling (14%).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The studies do, however, expose scenarios under which reuse and recycling are not beneficial for certain environmental impacts.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All 41 publications are either a full LCA or a streamlined/partial LCA, or use LCA data as input.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.4. Methods used in publications
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In publications of recycling, fibre recycling is the most studied recycling type (57%), followed by polymer/oligomer recycling (37%), monomer recycling (23%), and fabric recycling (14%).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.1. Overview of publications
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In most of these cases, the presumably replaced production processes, and sometimes also recycling processes, are assumed to be located in Asia.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.3. Aims and scopes of publications
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In publications of recycling, fibre recycling is the most studied recycling type (57%), followed by polymer/oligomer recycling (37%), monomer recycling (23%), and fabric recycling (14%).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.1. Overview of publications
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Among the studies that do elaborate on the use of the results, national policy development is a frequent theme”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.3. Aims and scopes of publications
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 40
- It may state two separate claims as one. 38
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fibre recycling is the most studied recycling type (57%), followed by polymer/oligomer recycling (37%), monomer recycling (29%), and fabric recycling (14%).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Forty-one studies were reviewed, whereof 85% deal with recycling and 41% with reuse (27% cover both reuse and recycling).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cotton (76%) and polyester (63%) are the most studied materials.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fibre recycling is the most studied recycling type (57%), followed by polymer/oligomer recycling (37%), monomer recycling (29%), and fabric recycling (14%).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Forty-one studies were reviewed, whereof 85% deal with recycling and 41% with reuse (27% cover both reuse and recycling).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cotton (76%) and polyester (63%) are the most studied materials.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Forty-one studies were reviewed, whereof 85% deal with recycling and 41% with reuse (27% cover both reuse and recycling).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Forty-one studies were reviewed, whereof 85% deal with recycling and 41% with reuse (27% cover both reuse and recycling).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rules for selecting literature described in the method section of this paper generated a list of 41 publications: 21 peerreviewed papers and 20 other types of publications (see Table 1).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.1. Overview of publications
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thirty, or 73%, of the studies concern reuse/recycling of waste generated in Europe, in which the Nordic countries (10 studies), the UK (7) and Italy (4) dominate.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.3. Aims and scopes of publications
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As publications often cover both reuse and recycling, or several types of recycling, the number of publications in Fig. 4 exceeds the total number of publications (as shown in Fig. 3).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.2. Trends over time
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nevertheless, the most frequent allocation methods encountered in our review are cut-off allocation for recycled input materials and system expansion for reused products and products made from recycled materials.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.5. Allocation procedures and replacement rates
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It can be noted that it is quite common to study both reuse and recycling in the same publication (29% of publications).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.1. Overview of publications
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To date, no review of such studies has been published in the academic literature or elsewhere”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1. Introduction
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cotton is the most studied material (covered in 76% of the studies) both for studies of reuse and recycling, followed by polyester (63%), also counting bottle-to-fibre recycling, viscose (25%) and wool (20%).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.1. Overview of publications
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Still, there are more studies written in the English language exploring recycling in Sweden (7) than in the USA (3), an English-speaking country with about 30 times larger population than Sweden.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.3. Aims and scopes of publications
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In publications of recycling, fibre recycling is the most studied recycling type (57%), followed by polymer/oligomer recycling (37%), monomer recycling (23%), and fabric recycling (14%).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.1. Overview of publications
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“More publications deal with recycling (85%) than with reuse (44%).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.1. Overview of publications
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In other words, authors most often assume that the material input to recycling systems is a waste free of environmental burdens, and that reused products and products made from recycled materials substitute functionally equivalent products made from virgin fibres.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.5. Allocation procedures and replacement rates
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There are no substantial differences between peer-reviewed and other types of publications with regard to the studied material type.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.1. Overview of publications
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“For example, Allwood et al. (2006) identified that increased recycling in the UK may reduce cotton cultivation (and associated environmental impact) in the USA, but increase energy use (and associated environmental impact) in the UK.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.8. Findings e the environmental potential of textile reuse and recycling
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Allwood et al., 2006
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“ionising radiation (4)”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.6. Impact categories and inventory indicators
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fibre recycling is the most studied recycling type (57%), followed by polymer/oligomer recycling (37%), monomer recycling (23%), and fabric recycling (14%).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 4. Conclusions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“As climate change is also considered in all remaining publications except two e Sahni et al. (2010) and AITEX (2007) e it is by far the most studied impact category or inventory indicator.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.6. Impact categories and inventory indicators
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Sahni et al., 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites AITEX, 2007
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“When reuse and recycling are both considered, the former is found to be more beneficial than the latter (Dahlbo et al., 2017;Schmidt et al., 2016;Zamani et al., 2015;Beton et al., 2014;Corsten et al., 2013;Palm et al., 2013;Farrant et al., 2010;McGill, 2009;Bartl, 2009), except for under certain circumstances with regard to transportation distances (Fortuna and Diyamandoglu, 2017).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.8. Findings e the environmental potential of textile reuse and recycling
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In terms of critical methodological assumptions, authors most often assume that textiles sent to recycling are wastes free of environmental burden (i.e., cut-off allocation) and that reused products and products made from recycled materials replace products made from virgin fibres (i.e., system expansion).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 4. Conclusions
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Related to the choice of replacement rate, is the common assumption that the recycled fibre only gets one additional use cycle.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.5. Allocation procedures and replacement rates
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In their case, it was shown that climate impact can increase if recycling processes are powered by fossil energy and/or if virgin cotton as a consequence is assumed to be replaced, as cotton is a fibre associated with relatively low climate impact.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.8. Findings e the environmental potential of textile reuse and recycling
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Based on the selection criteria (see section 2.1), we found 41 publications, whereof 21 are peer-reviewed and 20 are other types of publications.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 4. Conclusions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“photochemical oxidant formation (12)”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.6. Impact categories and inventory indicators
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cotton is the most studied material (76%), followed by polyester (63%), viscose (25%) and wool (20%).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 4. Conclusions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“ozone layer depletion (9)”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.6. Impact categories and inventory indicators
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Based on the number of citations from other environmental assessments of reuse/recycling, Woolridge et al. (2006) appears to be considered the seminal piece of work among the reviewed studies, with 15 citations, followed by Allwood et al. (2006) with 10 citations and Farrant et al. (2010) with 9 citations.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.7. Linkages between studies and citations
What the sources say
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Notably, peer-reviewed publications have, on average, more citations: about 0.8 citations per year, compared to 0.4 for publications not subject to peer-review (accounting for studies published before 2016).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.7. Linkages between studies and citations
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Eighty-five percent of the publications deal with recycling, 44% with reuse, and 29% with both reuse and recycling.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 4. Conclusions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and waste (in kg; 4)”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.6. Impact categories and inventory indicators
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Six publications include some kind of weighting”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.6. Impact categories and inventory indicators
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Acidification (of some kind) and eutrophication (of some kind) are studied in 17 publications each”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.6. Impact categories and inventory indicators
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In other words, there is a lack of studies exploring the limits of textile reuse and recycling, and the benefits of combining different types of reuse and recycling routes.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.9. Gaps and further research
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Some of the reviewed publications do consider future recycling technologies (e.g.€ Ostlund et al., 2015), but it would be valuable to see more explorative studies accounting for changes in background systems, which are also in constant flux.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.9. Gaps and further research
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites € Ostlund et al., 2015
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, there is a lack of studies of future systems.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.9. Gaps and further research
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“This data is from an unspecified year of origin and lack information on, for example, recovery rates of certain chemicals used in the processes.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.9. Gaps and further research
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Patagonia (2006)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The studies also expose scenarios under which reuse and recycling may not be beneficial, for example in cases of low replacement rates, if recycling processes are powered by fossil energy, or if the avoided production processes are relatively clean.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 4. Conclusions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Monomer and polymer recycling have been studied in several of the reviewed studies, but the modelling is sometimes based on rough estimates and/or old inventory data.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.9. Gaps and further research
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thirdly, as mentioned in section 3.5, there is a need for studies on actual replacement rates for textile reuse and recycling, for various markets and product types.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.9. Gaps and further research
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Secondly, there is a lack of studies of the environmental potential of cascade systems designed to get the most out of a given virgin or recycled material.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.9. Gaps and further research
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“For example, the modelling of synthetic monomer recycling in Zamani et al. (2015) and Schmidt et al. (2016), and one of the four synthetic monomer recycling models in Shen et al. (2010a, b), are based on inventory data from Patagonia (2006), originally from the Japanese company Teijin.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.9. Gaps and further research
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To conclude, the reviewed publications elucidate several potential stumbling blocks for achieving environmental benefits by increasing textile reuse and recycling.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.8. Findings e the environmental potential of textile reuse and recycling
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“The global demand for textile products is steadily increasing (The Fiber Year Consulting, 2015;Oerlikon, 2010), a trend likely to continue due population growth and economic development.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites The Fiber Year Consulting, 2015
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Oerlikon, 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Sixty-three percent of textile fibres are derived from petrochemicals (Lenzing, 2017) whose production and fate give rise to considerable carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions (Shen et al., 2010a).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Lenzing, 2017
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The remaining 37% is dominated by cotton (24%), a thirsty plant associated with water depletion e the desiccation of the Aral Sea being the most infamous example (Micklin, 2007) e and toxic pollution, due to intensive use of pesticides (FAO-ICAC, 2015).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Micklin, 2007 source
- Not matchedcites FAO-ICAC, 2015
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The remaining 37% is dominated by cotton (24%), a thirsty plant associated with water depletion e the desiccation of the Aral Sea being the most infamous example (Micklin, 2007) e and toxic pollution, due to intensive use of pesticides (FAO-ICAC, 2015).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Micklin, 2007 source
- Not matchedcites FAO-ICAC, 2015
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The above percentages could be underestimates as at least one the studied reused/recycled materials is not specified in four of the publications, and information on the type of recycling is missing in six.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.1. Overview of publications
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Considering the low recycling rate today, there is a great potential to also increase recycling, particularly polymer, oligomer and monomer recycling, thereby preventing textile waste that cannot be reused or fabric/fibre-recycled from being landfilled or incinerated.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1.2. Current status of textile reuse and recycling
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“So from an LCA methodological perspective, either the aims are poorly phrased, or the studies of textile reuse and recycling are driven by an interest or curiosity to increase knowledge, rather than to support specific informational needs”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.3. Aims and scopes of publications
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“There are, however, large variations within Europe: more prominent examples are Germany, in which about 70% of disposed textiles are collected for reuse and recycling, whereof a fraction is separated for incineration (Textile Recycling Association, 2005), and Denmark, in which about 50% is collected, mainly for reuse domestically or abroad (Palm et al., 2014).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1.2. Current status of textile reuse and recycling
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Textile Recycling Association, 2005
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Roos et al. (2016) show that such a grand transition requires a combination of different measures for impact reduction, most likely including more reuse and recycling.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Roos et al. (2016) source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The high prevalence of fibre recycling is probably due to the fact that it is a relatively common recycling route, widely applied in commercial scale both in terms of downcycling (e.g. to insulation) and textile-to-textile recycling (e.g.re-spinning of new yarn from cotton or wool waste).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.1. Overview of publications
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“There are, however, large variations within Europe: more prominent examples are Germany, in which about 70% of disposed textiles are collected for reuse and recycling, whereof a fraction is separated for incineration (Textile Recycling Association, 2005), and Denmark, in which about 50% is collected, mainly for reuse domestically or abroad (Palm et al., 2014).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1.2. Current status of textile reuse and recycling
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Palm et al., 2014 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Wet treatment processes (dyeing, finishing, printing, etc.) are major sources of toxic emissions (Roos et al., 2015b), and spinning of yarns and weaving/knitting of fabrics most often rely on fossil energy use, causing emissions such as CO 2 and particulates (Roos et al., 2015a).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Roos et al., 2015a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, increased fibre production via recycling may increase total global fibre supply and thereby reduce the price and increase the demand for fibres.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.5. Allocation procedures and replacement rates
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear? Based: unclearIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Increased textile reuse and recycling could potentially reduce the production of virgin textile fibres and, in the case of reuse, also avoid engineering processes further downstream in the textile product life cycle, and thus reduce environmental impact.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1. Introduction
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This indicates that the interest for textile reuse and recycling (or at least the environmental impact thereof) is indeed greater in Europe than elsewhere, with a particularly strong interest in Northern Europe.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.3. Aims and scopes of publications
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The number of publications in a region reflects the level of interest in that region.
In the paper
“For example, in Europe about 15e20% of disposed textiles are collected (the rest is landfilled or incinerated), whereof about 50% is downcycled and 50% is reused, mainly through exporting to developing countries (Textile Recycling Association, 2005).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1.2. Current status of textile reuse and recycling
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Textile Recycling Association, 2005
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In either case, this makes it difficult for us to generalise regarding the intended use of the publications and to what extent methods and scopes generally have been designed to fulfil the intended use.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.3. Aims and scopes of publications
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“The preponderance of studies on polyester and cotton reflects the domination of fibre markets by these fibres e they occupy about 51% and 24% of the global market, respectively (Lenzing, 2017;The Fiber Year Consulting, 2015).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.1. Overview of publications
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Lenzing, 2017
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites The Fiber Year Consulting, 2015
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Allwood et al. (2006) suggest greenhouse emissions, water use, toxic chemicals and waste are the main environmental issues facing the textile industry.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Allwood et al. (2006)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it is important to include impact categories corresponding to the environmental issues associated with conventional cotton, namely water depletion and toxicity”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.6. Impact categories and inventory indicators
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and allocation based on fibre length may become an obvious alternative for analysts wishing to avoid the uncertainties associated with system expansion and replacement rates.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.5. Allocation procedures and replacement rates
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Often only one or a few indicators are studied, introducing a risk that relevant impacts are missed, potentially contributing to problem shifting and sub-optimisation.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 4. Conclusions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While presumably unproblematic for monomer recycling scenarios, successive reduction in the fibre length of the recycled fabrics or fibres over multiple reuse or recycling life cycles would reduce the range of functions available to manufacturers”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.5. Allocation procedures and replacement rates
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“So the common narrow focus on climate change and energy use may not capture the real benefits of many types of textile reuse and recycling, thereby potentially contributing to problem shifting”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.6. Impact categories and inventory indicators
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Polymer, oligomer and monomer recycling typically yields fibres of similar quality to virgin fibres.
“In contrast, polymer, oligomer and monomer recycling typically yields fibres of similar quality to virgin fibres.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Collection and sorting of textile waste have non-negligible environmental impact.
“Nonetheless, the common exclusion of collection and sorting indicates that several studies have underestimated the environmental impact of reuse and recycling systems.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The benefits of reuse and recycling are mainly due to the avoidance of the manufacturing of new products.
“For example, as the benefits of reuse and recycling are mainly due to the avoidance of the manufacturing of new products, low replacement rates can eliminate the benefits (as was discussed in section 3.5).”
The paper relies on this without support.
The number of publications in a region reflects the level of interest in that region.
“This indicates that the interest for textile reuse and recycling (or at least the environmental impact thereof) is indeed greater in Europe than elsewhere, with a particularly strong interest in Northern Europe.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Abstract and results disagree on the share studying monomer recycling
MinorThe abstract reports 29% for monomer recycling, whereas the results and conclusions report 23%.
“monomer recycling (29%)”
“monomer recycling (23%)”
Abstract and results disagree on the share of studies covering reuse
MinorThe abstract says 41% of studies cover reuse, while the results and conclusions both say 44%.
“Forty-one studies were reviewed, whereof 85% deal with recycling and 41% with reuse (27% cover both reuse and recycling).”
“More publications deal with recycling (85%) than with reuse (44%).”
Abstract and results disagree on the share covering both reuse and recycling
MinorThe abstract reports 27% covering both reuse and recycling, but the results and conclusions report 29%.
“(27% cover both reuse and recycling)”
“It can be noted that it is quite common to study both reuse and recycling in the same publication (29% of publications).”
Citations
Cites
Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet
Steffen, W., Richardson, K., Rockström, J., Cornell, S. E., Fetzer, I., Bennett, E. M., Biggs, R., Carpenter, S. R., de Vries, W., de Wit, C. A., et al. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1259855 · Cited by 12,527
You are what you can access: Sharing and collaborative consumption online
Belk, R. (2014) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.10.001 · Cited by 2,951 · cited 1×
“In the academic literature, various forms of reuse have been conceptualised in terms such as collaborative consumption, product-service systems, commercial sharing systems and access-based consumption (Belk, 2014).”
BackgroundMicklin, P. (2007) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.35.031306.140120 · Cited by 755 · cited 7×
“…Guardia, 2017; Yasin et al., 2016; €Ostlund et al., 2015; Muthu et al., 2012a; Allwood et al., 2006), it is important to include impact categories corresponding to the environmental issues associated with conventional cotton, namely water depletion and toxicity (Roos et al., 2015a; Micklin, 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialAllocation in ISO 14041—a critical review
Ekvall, T., & Finnveden, G. (2001) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/s0959-6526(00)00052-4 · Cited by 519 · cited 1×
“…to when the material from a product is recycled and used in a (more or less) identical product, whereas open-loop recycling (also called cascade recycling) refers to processes in which the material from a product is recycled and used in another product (Ekvall and Finnveden, 2001; Kl€opffer, 1996).”
BackgroundOpen-loop recycling: A LCA case study of PET bottle-to-fibre recycling
Shen, L., Worrell, E., & Patel, M. K. (2010) · Resources, Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.06.014 · Cited by 514 · cited 4×
“Next to Shen et al. (2010b), Woolridge et al. (2006) and Liang et al. (2012) have gained most citations per year, 7.1 and 5.8, respectively.”
BackgroundInfluentialPutting a circular economy into practice in China
Zhi-jun, F., & Nai-ling, Y. (2007) · Sustainability Science · doi:10.1007/s11625-006-0018-1 · Cited by 385 · cited 2×
“The interest in increased textile reuse and recycling is consistent with the increased attention being given to the circular economy concept in international and national policy, see for example the 2015 EU Circular Economy Action Plan (EC, 2017) and the 11th Chinese five-year plan issued in 2006 (Zhijun and Nailing,…”
BackgroundZamani, B., Sandin, G., & Peters, G. M. (2017) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.128 · Cited by 339 · cited 2×
“Some authors identify the issue that unless the use phase is sufficiently extended, the additional transport and other efforts associated with additional life cycles may exceed the benefits of avoided production (Fortuna and Diyamandoglu, 2017; Zamani et al., 2017).”
BackgroundSelf-citationWell dressed? The present and future sustainability of clothing and textiles in the United Kingdom.
Mdr, C. (2006) · Cited by 324
Environmental impact assessment of man-made cellulose fibres
Shen, L., Worrell, E., & Patel, M. K. (2010) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.10.001 · Cited by 289 · cited 4×
“Next to Shen et al. (2010b), Woolridge et al. (2006) and Liang et al. (2012) have gained most citations per year, 7.1 and 5.8, respectively.”
BackgroundInfluentialEnvironmental benefits from reusing clothes
Farrant, L., Olsen, S. I., & Wangel, A. (2010) · The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment · doi:10.1007/s11367-010-0197-y · Cited by 278 · cited 5×
“Six publications include some kind of weighting, either endpoint indicators complementing midpoint indicators (Dahlbo et al., 2017; Beton et al., 2014; Palm et al., 2013; Farrant et al., 2010), or end-point indicators without showing results for the contributing midpoint indicators (Muthu et al.”
BackgroundInfluential
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Oerlikon, 2010, The fiber year 2009/10, World SurveyTextNonwovens Ind
- Östlund, 2015, Textilåtervinning: Tekniska möjligheter och utmaningar [Textile recycling – technical opportunities and challenges], Naturvårdsverket rapport, 6685
- Stevenson, 2012, Study into consumer second-hand shopping behaviour to identify the re-use displacement effect, Waste Res. Act. Prog. (WRAP)
- The Fiber Year Consulting, 2015, The Fiber Year 2015, World Survey on Textiles and Nonwovens, Issue, 15
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 901–1,000 of 1,084
استعمال تقنية محاسبة تكاليف تدفق المواد لتحقيق استدامة المنتج
كنوع, م. ع., & سرور, م. ج. (2020) · Tikrit Journal of Administrative and Economic Sciences · doi:10.25130/tjaes.16.52.1.7
-, E. A. S., -, N. D., & -, S. P. (2024) · International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research · doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i01.13034
Advanced Circular Materials for Biofilm Bioreactors and Potential Biotechnological ApplicationsPreprint
Suárez, A., Rodríguez-Alegre, R., del Royo, M. C., Cornado, D., Gallego, J., Ständer, E., Garcia, R., Felix, P., Sanchis, S., Bosch, M., et al. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4762263
Textile Waste Streams: A Case Study of the Czech RepublicPreprint
Shtukaturova, A., Kropáč, J., Šomplák, R., et al. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4769706
Implementing a Circular Ecosystem from Post-consumer Textiles: New Cotton Project
Moreira, N. G., & Niinimäki, K. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-50252-1_13
Circular Economy Research Ttrends in the Textile and Apparel Industry: A Bibliometric Analysis
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Quality assessment of textile products as a basis for responsible production and consumption
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Life Cycle Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
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Manieson, L. A. (2023) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.249610
From Shoppers to Agents of Change: Consumer Behavior and Collaborative Fashion Consumption in Spain
Riesgo, S. B. (2024) · SDGs and textiles · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-5073-3_5
Groetsch, T. (2024) · Springer theses · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-70578-6_2 · Cited by 2
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Recycling and Upcycling of Industrial and Domestic Wastes
Teeroovengadum, D., & Soocheta, A. V. (2024) · SDGs and textiles · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-4422-0_20
Uncertainty of Life Cycle Assessment Studies for Blended Textiles
Valtere, M., Bezručko, T., Poberžnik, M., Vamža, I., & Blumberga, D. (2024) · Environmental and Climate Technologies · doi:10.2478/rtuect-2024-0061
Preziosa, S., Mangano, G., & Lagorio, A. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5062373
Thermal energy savings during cord fiber spinning
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Secondhand Clothing and the Readiness of Australian Consumers to Use Them
Bahl, R., Panwar, T., Padhye, R., & Nayak, R. (2025) · Springer Proceedings in Materials · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-6968-1_23
Tyagi, G. K., Singh, N., Kaur, A., et al. (2025) · Springer Proceedings in Materials · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-6968-1_11
Pucci, E., Tufarelli, M., & Cianfanelli, E. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-83185-0_47
Seini, I. M. (2025) · Advances in marketing, customer relationship management, and e-services book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-9959-0.ch019
Jojic, A., & Vojinovic, D. (2025) · Thermal Science · doi:10.2298/tsci240905040j
“Recycling of textile waste can be achieved through mechanical, chemical, thermal, or combined processes, focusing on breaking down fabrics into fiber and polymer levels [3].”
Development of Sustainable Composites from Recycled Pet Bottles
Nallathambi, G., & Yasmin, I. (2025) · Proceedings in Technology Transfer · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-3169-8_5
Eco-conscious Design: Innovating Post Textile Waste into Sustainable Solutions
Chaturvedi, D. K., & Chanana, B. (2025) · Proceedings in Technology Transfer · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-3169-8_10
Fashion’s green future: measuring the GHG emission reduction in clothing reuse
Kim, D., Kang, H., Kim, J., et al. (2026) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115735
Sert, S., Kaya, D. D., & Körlü, A. (2025) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr13030870
Designing Sustainable Fashion for Circular Behavior
Ramzan, M. B., Naeem, J., & Mustafa, H. (2025) · Sustainable textiles · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-83875-0_3
Green solutions for environmental sustainability
Gupta, S. M., & Sharma, S. K. (2025) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-21990-0.00017-1
Application of discarded fabric in wood ash-soil composites: a case study
Siddiqua, S., Rahman, S. S., & Cherian, C. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-23718-8.00005-3
Bermeo, P. A. A., Alvarez, G. O. E., & Pesantez, D. A. (2025) · Resistances Journal of the Philosophy of History · doi:10.46652/resistances.v6i11.193
Murekye, V. (2025) · International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology · doi:10.22214/ijraset.2025.72300
Sponza, D. T., & Özteki̇n, R. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Engineering and Development · doi:10.37394/232033.2025.3.7
Design for Recyclability: Textiles
Hall, C. A., Hasling, K. M., & Ræbild, U. (2025) · Springer handbooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-66209-6_29 · Cited by 1
Cieślak, M., Witczak, E., Swaczyna, P., et al. (2025) · Cellulose · doi:10.1007/s10570-025-06615-7
“Sandin and Peters (2018) conducted a review of studies on the environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling, revealing that the most studied materials were cotton (76”
IMPACTS OF WASTE AND WASTE TREATMENT
Jiménez‐González, C., & Constable, D. J. C. (2025) · doi:10.1002/9781394164158.ch19
Yüksel, Y. E., Kertmen, M., & Korkmaz, Y. (2025) · Journal of the Textile Institute · doi:10.1080/00405000.2025.2536359
“Global population growth, rising living standards and fast fashion increase demand of textile products (Sandin & Peters, 2018; The Fiber Year Consulting, 2015).”
Oportunidades y retos de sostenibilidad en el sector textil: una revisión bibliográfica
Amigó, U. C. L., Molina, M. I. G., Suárez, Y. A. V., Amigó, U. C. L., Martínez, L. Á., & Amigó, U. C. L. (2025) · doi:10.21501/9786287765092.5
Jha, R. (2023) · ShodhKosh Journal of Visual and Performing Arts · doi:10.29121/shodhkosh.v4.i2.2023.6166
TEMİZ ÜRETİM UYGULAMALARININ PERFORMANSA ETKİSİ
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Life Cycle Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Reijnders, L. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-84483-6_2
Ünal, Z. B., Tama, D., Acar, E., et al. (2025) · Fibers and Polymers · doi:10.1007/s12221-025-01200-y
“Sandin and Peters (2018) conducted a comprehensive review study investigating fabric structures containing recycled polyester and recycled cotton [1].”
Interpretation of Research Findings and In-Depth Discussion
Almusaed, A., Almssad, A., & Yitmen, İ. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-97393-2_20
Green waste management and cost reduction strategies for cutting room waste in apparel industries
Mostak, S., Tanjim, T., Akther, M., et al. (2025) · Tekstilna industrija · doi:10.5937/tekstind2503040m
Cradle to Gate Environmental Impact Assessment of Fire Retardant Coverall Manufacturing in PakistanPreprint
Jamal, Q. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7651947/v1
Green wet processing: effects on denim fabric properties
Marzoug, I. B., & Sakli, F. (2025) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-025-37138-0
“Moreover, the sheer volume of denim produced and consumed by individuals today puts significant strain on cotton consumption (Radhakrishnan 2017; Sandin & Peters, 2018, Kahoush 2022), as cotton is the fundamental component used in denim manufacturing (Yousef et al., 2020; Gokarneshan et al., 2018).”
Baek, K., & Kim, S. J. (2025) · Fashion & Textile Research Journal · doi:10.5805/sfti.2025.27.5.409
Joining mechanism of FSSW PLA to PET recycled nonwoven fibers with pinless tool
Liu, C. T., Cai, Y. K., Wu, B. X., et al. (2025) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/3144/1/012014
Çolakoğlu, E. (2025) · Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi · doi:10.54558/jiss.1769680
Cobb, K., Cao, H., Yatvitskiy, M., et al. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su172310753
Abbas, S. N., & Qureshi, M. I. (2025) · Innovative Infrastructure Solutions · doi:10.1007/s41062-025-02425-9
Iqbal, M. W., Ramzan, M. B., Jabbar, M., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s13762-025-07000-4
“Similarly, Sandin and Peters (2018) reviewed that primary fiber production resources were relaxed by adopting recycling of the waste textiles and giving them a second life.”
InfluentialLifecycle Assessment: Measuring Sustainability in Textiles and Fashion Production
Tawiah, B., Ofori, E. A., Seidu, R. K., & Fei, B. (2025) · SDGs and textiles · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-0469-5_12 · Cited by 1
Sustainable Wall Panels from Fashion Waste for Creative Hubs to Reduce Waste Accumulation
Gunawan, F. A., Rachmayanti, I., & Fajarwati, A. A. S. (2025) · IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1564/1/012104
From Waste to Innovation: A Review on Textile Waste-Based Composite Materials
Hemel, M. M. A., & Rabbi, M. S. (2025) · Journal of Engineering Advancements · doi:10.38032/jea.2025.04.003
“As its necessity is unavoidable, the demand for textile-based products has sky-rocketed over the decades because of the increasing population rate and socio-economic changes [1].”
Kim, H.-S., & Chung, J. (2025) · Journal of Digital Contents Society · doi:10.9728/dcs.2025.26.12.3425
36436524 Exploring Challenges and Enablers in Textile Recycling Supply Chains
Dissanayake, G., & Pal, R. (2025) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783111384771-025
Yan, W., Fan, D., & Tong, X. (2025) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783111384771-008
Aperkoh, P., & Perry, P. (2025) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783111384771-015
Artificial Intelligence-Based Vision Systems for Automated Footwear Disassembly
Laureati, P., Medici, V., & Paone, N. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Metrology for eXtended Reality, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Engineering (MetroXRAINE) · doi:10.1109/metroxraine66377.2025.11340257
“Concerning these issues, In [12], Sandin and Peters study and synthesize current knowledge on the environmental impacts of textile reuse and recycling.”
Haas, S., Baetge, D., & Nguyen, V. V. (2026) · Palgrave studies in governance, leadership and responsibility · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-05620-7_6
Sustainability as Strategic Communication: Evidence from the Turkish Textile Industry
Enginkaya, E., Çizer, E. Ö., & Yurdakul, K. (2026) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su18031548
Toward Circularity in Textile Waste Management: Challenges, Innovations, and Strategic Actions
Guan, X., Goswami, P., & Angelis-Dimakis, A. (2026) · Springer Proceedings in Materials · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-2953-7_14
Singh, A., Sharma, R., & Dhillon, D. K. (2026) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-83662-782-120261010
Akatugba, E., Sagala, S. L., Shamshina, J. L., et al. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6248125
Lalariyan, M., & Deb, S. (2026) · Engineering headway · doi:10.4028/p-rac6or
“The "fast fashion" concept adds to the waste stream and encourages overconsumption[5].”
Alam, S. M. R., & NIshat, R. (2026) · International Journal of Fashion Design Technology and Education · doi:10.1080/17543266.2026.2629837
Islam, M. R., Akash, B. M. A., Hossain, M. B., Hasan, S. M. K., & Banu, A. (2026) · Waste Management & Research The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy · doi:10.1177/0734242x261418398 · Cited by 3
“Reviews across 40 + textile reuse/recycling LCAs conclude that climate impacts almost always decrease vs landfill/incineration; magnitude depends on replacement rate and background systems (Abagnato et al., 2024; Sandin and Peters, 2018).”
InfluentialGurtner, N., & Starovicova, B. (2026) · Journal of Industrial Ecology · doi:10.1007/s44498-026-00017-z
Abdelileh, M., Souissi, M., Said, H. B., et al. (2026) · Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances · doi:10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101105
Czech consumer decision-making in clothing disposal: insights for a circular textile system
Wiener, J., Coetzee, D., & Šubrová, T. (2026) · Research Journal of Textile and Apparel · doi:10.1108/rjta-02-2025-0021
A systematic review of evolution, thematic domains, and future directions in reverse logistics
Gracia, M. D. (2026) · Ingeniería Investigación y Tecnología · doi:10.22201/fi.25940732e.2026.27.1.005
“This study uses a structured content analysis method (Brewerton & Millward, 2001; Seuring & Müller, 2008; Sandin & Peters, 2018), carried out in two sequential stages: 1.”
Xu, Y., & Chapman, A. J. (2026) · Environment Development and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s10668-026-07468-1
Second-hand Clothing Trade in Southern Africa: Sustainability Challenges and Policy Responses
Dzawanda, B., Matsa, M. M., Runokunda, J. C., et al. (2026) · Circular Economy and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s43615-026-00838-x
“Countries such as Germany, Denmark, and Portugal are considered sources of SHC because they have an estimated 70%, 50%, and 4% textile collection for reuse respectively, and the largest percentage of these SHC is channelled to SA [29, 30].”
Vavrušová, L. A., & Krejčová, A. (2026) · Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management · doi:10.1007/s10163-026-02539-x
“Fossil resource consumption follows a pattern like CO₂ emissions, becoming the predominant contributor at distances of approximately 60–100 km [31, 36].”
Invisible Textile Waste, Circular Solutions: An Action Research Experience in the Energy Industry
Paula, D. M. S., Almeida, M. R. R. E., de Nadae, J., et al. (2026) · Systemic Practice and Action Research · doi:10.1007/s11213-026-09760-7
“Additionally, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies in the textile sector, conducted by Sandin and Peters (2018), demonstrate that reuse and recycling practices can substantially reduce environmental impacts.”
The Future of Textile Resource Mix: Towards a Regenerative Industry
Pradhan, S., & Khandual, A. (2026) · Sustainable textiles · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-10921-7_4
Aslan, C., Eryürük, S. H., & Will, M. (2026) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115502
Ethnographic examination of disappearing vernacular sustainability in rural Punjab, Pakistan
Sultana, S., Ahmad, A., & Shakeel, H. (2026) · Discover Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s43621-026-02875-w
“…was characterized by community-based financial mechanisms such as the kameti system, frugal material practices including the reusing of old clothes [52] and climate adaptive architecture designs featuring verandas and rooftop sleeping arrangements that eliminated the need for mechanical cooling.”
Grinard, M. L. J. (2026) · ASCE MAGAZINE · doi:10.70577/asce.v5i2.756
UNRAVELING CLOTH RECYCLING TRENDS: A CONSUMER BEHAVIOR PERSPECTIVE USING SCOPUS AI
Akbar, Y. A. A., Anuar, A., Abdullah, F. N., et al. (2026) · Journal of Tourism Hospitality and Environment Management · doi:10.35631/jthem.1143006
Deciphering Flax dew retting by a multimodal approach
Suvajit, M. (2024) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/64a5c71fze507z47b1zba6cz332c5a11acbb
de Lamballerie, É. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/4bcbf47cz2d45z4df9z99e3z617d13021154
Fabric Classification for Textile Waste Circular Economy
Kanan, Chawla, R., Singh, G., et al. (2025) · doi:10.1109/icai-tems64510.2025.11467654
“Life-cycle assessment studies support that reuse offers the greatest carbon and water savings, followed by recycling [10].”
The Journey of a Norwegian T-shirt: A Case Study of Fibre Material in the Clothing System
Ahmed, R., Meskers, C. E. M., & Pettersen, J. B. (2026) · Circular Economy · doi:10.55845/joce-2026-41250
“Chemical recycling is still at a pilot stage (Dahlbom & Martvall, 2025), which leads to unavailable and uncertain life cycle inventory data (Sandin & Peters, 2018).”
ESG, Competitive Intensity, and Firm Performance in the Clothing Industry
Lu, W., Kweh, Q. L., & Ku, H. (2026) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.70864
Structural shifts in the Republic of Korea’s post-consumer clothing economy
Oh, J. (2026) · Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management · doi:10.1007/s10163-026-02562-y
“Reuse is considered the core of a circular economy, which is more environmentally friendly than recycling [29].”
Sustainable Textile Materials and Their Role in Shaping Contemporary Apparel Design PracticesPreprint
Rahman, M. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6653078
Promoting EU Strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles through Interdisciplinary Education
KAPLAN, M. (2026) · Springer Proceedings in Materials · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-20865-1_22
The Potential for Adopting Circular Supply Chains with Paas Models in the Apparel Industry
Filipek, D., & Golińska-Dawson, P. (2026) · Lecture notes in mechanical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-21701-1_14
Daniel, A. M., Diener, D. L., & Hunka, A. D. (2026) · Cleaner and Responsible Consumption · doi:10.1016/j.clrc.2026.100441
The Future of Fashion: Recycling and Sustainable Solutions for Textile Waste
Rani, S., Ferreira, S., Barata, T. R., et al. (2026) · Springer proceedings in earth and environmental sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-14960-2_66
Recycling of Post-Consumer Cotton Waste
Alok, V., & Ashok, A. (2026) · Green Chemical Technology · doi:10.70322/gct.2026.10014
Metadata
- Authors
- Sandin, G., & Peters, G. M.
- Affiliations
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Sandin, Gustav
- ORCID
- Sandin, Gustav
- Venue
- Journal of Cleaner Production
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-05
- Volume
- 184
- Pages
- 353-365
- ISSN
- 0959-6526 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2789335896
- Cited by
- 1,087
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 170 · 2025: 185 · 2024: 152 · 2023: 135 · 2022: 148 · 2021: 123 · 2020: 107 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 36.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Cleaner Production (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Diva portal (Dalarna University Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Union's (646226)
- Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Waste Management and Recycling
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Sustainable Supply Chain Management
- Keywords
- textile reuse, textile recycling, environmental impact, fiber recycling, polymer recycling, cotton, polyesters, incineration, landfilling, replacement rate, cascade systems, life cycle assessment
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