The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 2 of the 53 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling – A review
Open accessAbstract
This paper reviews studies of the environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling, to provide a summary of the current knowledge and point out areas for further research. Forty-one studies were reviewed, whereof 85% deal with recycling and 41% with reuse (27% cover both reuse and recycling). Fibre recycling is the most studied recycling type (57%), followed by polymer/oligomer recycling (37%), monomer recycling (29%), and fabric recycling (14%). Cotton (76%) and polyester (63%) are the most studied materials. The reviewed publications provide strong support for claims that textile reuse and recycling in general reduce environmental impact compared to incineration and landfilling, and that reuse is more beneficial than recycling. The studies do, however, expose scenarios under which reuse and recycling are not beneficial for certain environmental impacts. For example, as benefits mainly arise due to the avoided production of new products, benefits may not occur in cases with low replacement rates or if the avoided production processes are relatively clean. Also, for reuse, induced customer transport may cause environmental impact that exceeds the benefits of avoided production, unless the use phase is sufficiently extended. In terms of critical methodological assumptions, authors most often assume that textiles sent to recycling are wastes free of environmental burden, and that reused products and products made from recycled materials replace products made from virgin fibres. Examples of other content mapped in the review are: trends of publications over time, common aims and geographical scopes, commonly included and omitted impact categories, available sources of primary inventory data, knowledge gaps and future research needs. The latter include the need to study cascade systems, to explore the potential of combining various reuse and recycling routes.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This review synthesizes 41 studies on the environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling, finding broad support that reuse and recycling generally reduce impacts compared with incineration and landfilling, and that reuse is usually more beneficial than recycling. It also identifies conditions under which benefits may not occur, especially low replacement rates, fossil-powered recycling, and transport burdens in reuse.
Key findings
- The review covers 41 publications: 85% deal with recycling, 44% with reuse, and 29% with both. Fibre recycling is most studied (57%), followed by polymer/oligomer recycling (37%), monomer recycling (23%), and fabric recycling (14%). Cotton is the most studied material (76%), followed by polyester (63%), viscose (25%), and wool (20%).
- The literature strongly supports that textile reuse and recycling generally reduce environmental impact compared to incineration and landfilling, and that reuse is more beneficial than recycling, except under certain circumstances related to transportation distances.
- Benefits mainly arise from avoided production of new products. Studies expose scenarios where reuse/recycling may not be beneficial: low replacement rates, recycling powered by fossil energy, avoided production processes that are relatively clean, and for reuse, induced customer transport that exceeds avoided-production benefits unless the use phase is sufficiently extended.
- Climate change is by far the most studied impact category, covered in 39 of 41 studies; energy use is second, covered in 18. Authors most often assume textiles sent to recycling are waste free of environmental burden (cut-off allocation) and that reused/recycled products replace virgin-fibre products (system expansion), often with an unjustified 1:1 replacement rate.
Methods
- Literature review in two steps: searching Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar in May–June 2017 with a Boolean search string, then applying inclusion/exclusion rules. This yielded 41 publications: 21 peer-reviewed papers and 20 other publication types.
- Content was mapped using questions on aims, methods, product systems, reuse/recycling type, materials, geographical scope, allocation methods, primary inventory data, impact categories, conclusions, and citations between studies.
- All 41 publications are either a full LCA, a streamlined/partial LCA, or use LCA data as input; the review synthesizes results descriptively and maps citation linkages.
Limitations
- Stated gaps: need more detailed studies and updated, publicly available primary inventory data, particularly for collection and sorting processes and for monomer and polymer recycling; only 10 of the 41 reviewed studies contain primary data on reuse or recycling processes.
- Stated gaps: lack of studies on cascade systems, actual replacement rates for different markets and product types, and future systems accounting for changes in background systems.
- Evident from the text: the search was limited to English and Swedish and excluded studies before 2003; 20 of 41 publications were not peer-reviewed; collection and/or sorting were fully or partly excluded in about half of the studies; and many studies focus narrowly on climate change and energy use, risking missed impacts and problem shifting.
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Cites
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Verification
Claims the paper makes
2 of 53 cited sources checked · 1 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“As the length of the fibres and the constituent molecules are reduced by wear and laundry (Palme et al., 2014), fabric and fibre recycling typically yields materials of lower quality (if quality is defined in terms of fibre quality) than materials made from virgin fibres (unless mixed with yarn from virgin fibres).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1.1. A topology of textile reuse and recycling
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Palme et al., 2014 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction says laundering reduces the degree of polymerization of cotton cellulose, and the Abstract reports a substantial decrease in molecular mass after more than 50 launderings. These support shortening of the constituent molecules. The paper describes fibre abrasion and damage in Results and discussion, but does not establish that wear and laundering reduce fibre length. The citation is attached to that first clause, not to the subsequent claim about recycled-material quality or mixing with virgin yarn. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Polymer, oligomer and monomer recycling is, however, hindered by a lack of technologies for sorting and separation into pure enough fractions ( € Ostlund et al., 2015), although there have recently been significant breakthroughs in the separation of cotton/polyester blends (Palme et al., 2017).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1.2. Current status of textile reuse and recycling
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Palme et al., 2017 source
The Conclusions report a method that separates polycotton sheets into cotton residue and PET-derived monomers, yielding pure cotton and terephthalic acid streams. The Background says the authors found no prior research papers on alkaline hydrolysis of PET in polycotton as a recycling method. Together, these passages support the paraphrase that the study represents a recent significant advance in separating cotton/polyester blends. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fibre recycling is the most studied recycling type (57%), followed by polymer/oligomer recycling (37%), monomer recycling (29%), and fabric recycling (14%).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fibre recycling is the most studied recycling type (57%), followed by polymer/oligomer recycling (37%), monomer recycling (29%), and fabric recycling (14%).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The studies do, however, expose scenarios under which reuse and recycling are not beneficial for certain environmental impacts.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All 41 publications are either a full LCA or a streamlined/partial LCA, or use LCA data as input.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.4. Methods used in publications
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In publications of recycling, fibre recycling is the most studied recycling type (57%), followed by polymer/oligomer recycling (37%), monomer recycling (23%), and fabric recycling (14%).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.1. Overview of publications
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In most of these cases, the presumably replaced production processes, and sometimes also recycling processes, are assumed to be located in Asia.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.3. Aims and scopes of publications
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In publications of recycling, fibre recycling is the most studied recycling type (57%), followed by polymer/oligomer recycling (37%), monomer recycling (23%), and fabric recycling (14%).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.1. Overview of publications
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Among the studies that do elaborate on the use of the results, national policy development is a frequent theme”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.3. Aims and scopes of publications
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 40
- It may state two separate claims as one. 38
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fibre recycling is the most studied recycling type (57%), followed by polymer/oligomer recycling (37%), monomer recycling (29%), and fabric recycling (14%).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Forty-one studies were reviewed, whereof 85% deal with recycling and 41% with reuse (27% cover both reuse and recycling).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cotton (76%) and polyester (63%) are the most studied materials.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fibre recycling is the most studied recycling type (57%), followed by polymer/oligomer recycling (37%), monomer recycling (29%), and fabric recycling (14%).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Forty-one studies were reviewed, whereof 85% deal with recycling and 41% with reuse (27% cover both reuse and recycling).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cotton (76%) and polyester (63%) are the most studied materials.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Forty-one studies were reviewed, whereof 85% deal with recycling and 41% with reuse (27% cover both reuse and recycling).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Forty-one studies were reviewed, whereof 85% deal with recycling and 41% with reuse (27% cover both reuse and recycling).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rules for selecting literature described in the method section of this paper generated a list of 41 publications: 21 peerreviewed papers and 20 other types of publications (see Table 1).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.1. Overview of publications
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thirty, or 73%, of the studies concern reuse/recycling of waste generated in Europe, in which the Nordic countries (10 studies), the UK (7) and Italy (4) dominate.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.3. Aims and scopes of publications
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As publications often cover both reuse and recycling, or several types of recycling, the number of publications in Fig. 4 exceeds the total number of publications (as shown in Fig. 3).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.2. Trends over time
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nevertheless, the most frequent allocation methods encountered in our review are cut-off allocation for recycled input materials and system expansion for reused products and products made from recycled materials.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.5. Allocation procedures and replacement rates
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It can be noted that it is quite common to study both reuse and recycling in the same publication (29% of publications).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.1. Overview of publications
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To date, no review of such studies has been published in the academic literature or elsewhere”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1. Introduction
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cotton is the most studied material (covered in 76% of the studies) both for studies of reuse and recycling, followed by polyester (63%), also counting bottle-to-fibre recycling, viscose (25%) and wool (20%).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.1. Overview of publications
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Still, there are more studies written in the English language exploring recycling in Sweden (7) than in the USA (3), an English-speaking country with about 30 times larger population than Sweden.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.3. Aims and scopes of publications
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In publications of recycling, fibre recycling is the most studied recycling type (57%), followed by polymer/oligomer recycling (37%), monomer recycling (23%), and fabric recycling (14%).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.1. Overview of publications
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“More publications deal with recycling (85%) than with reuse (44%).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.1. Overview of publications
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In other words, authors most often assume that the material input to recycling systems is a waste free of environmental burdens, and that reused products and products made from recycled materials substitute functionally equivalent products made from virgin fibres.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.5. Allocation procedures and replacement rates
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There are no substantial differences between peer-reviewed and other types of publications with regard to the studied material type.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.1. Overview of publications
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“For example, Allwood et al. (2006) identified that increased recycling in the UK may reduce cotton cultivation (and associated environmental impact) in the USA, but increase energy use (and associated environmental impact) in the UK.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.8. Findings e the environmental potential of textile reuse and recycling
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Allwood et al., 2006
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“ionising radiation (4)”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.6. Impact categories and inventory indicators
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fibre recycling is the most studied recycling type (57%), followed by polymer/oligomer recycling (37%), monomer recycling (23%), and fabric recycling (14%).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 4. Conclusions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“As climate change is also considered in all remaining publications except two e Sahni et al. (2010) and AITEX (2007) e it is by far the most studied impact category or inventory indicator.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.6. Impact categories and inventory indicators
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Sahni et al., 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites AITEX, 2007
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“When reuse and recycling are both considered, the former is found to be more beneficial than the latter (Dahlbo et al., 2017;Schmidt et al., 2016;Zamani et al., 2015;Beton et al., 2014;Corsten et al., 2013;Palm et al., 2013;Farrant et al., 2010;McGill, 2009;Bartl, 2009), except for under certain circumstances with regard to transportation distances (Fortuna and Diyamandoglu, 2017).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.8. Findings e the environmental potential of textile reuse and recycling
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In terms of critical methodological assumptions, authors most often assume that textiles sent to recycling are wastes free of environmental burden (i.e., cut-off allocation) and that reused products and products made from recycled materials replace products made from virgin fibres (i.e., system expansion).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 4. Conclusions
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Related to the choice of replacement rate, is the common assumption that the recycled fibre only gets one additional use cycle.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.5. Allocation procedures and replacement rates
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In their case, it was shown that climate impact can increase if recycling processes are powered by fossil energy and/or if virgin cotton as a consequence is assumed to be replaced, as cotton is a fibre associated with relatively low climate impact.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.8. Findings e the environmental potential of textile reuse and recycling
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Based on the selection criteria (see section 2.1), we found 41 publications, whereof 21 are peer-reviewed and 20 are other types of publications.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 4. Conclusions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“photochemical oxidant formation (12)”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.6. Impact categories and inventory indicators
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cotton is the most studied material (76%), followed by polyester (63%), viscose (25%) and wool (20%).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 4. Conclusions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“ozone layer depletion (9)”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.6. Impact categories and inventory indicators
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Based on the number of citations from other environmental assessments of reuse/recycling, Woolridge et al. (2006) appears to be considered the seminal piece of work among the reviewed studies, with 15 citations, followed by Allwood et al. (2006) with 10 citations and Farrant et al. (2010) with 9 citations.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.7. Linkages between studies and citations
What the sources say
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Notably, peer-reviewed publications have, on average, more citations: about 0.8 citations per year, compared to 0.4 for publications not subject to peer-review (accounting for studies published before 2016).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.7. Linkages between studies and citations
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Eighty-five percent of the publications deal with recycling, 44% with reuse, and 29% with both reuse and recycling.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 4. Conclusions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and waste (in kg; 4)”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.6. Impact categories and inventory indicators
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Six publications include some kind of weighting”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.6. Impact categories and inventory indicators
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Acidification (of some kind) and eutrophication (of some kind) are studied in 17 publications each”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.6. Impact categories and inventory indicators
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In other words, there is a lack of studies exploring the limits of textile reuse and recycling, and the benefits of combining different types of reuse and recycling routes.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.9. Gaps and further research
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Some of the reviewed publications do consider future recycling technologies (e.g.€ Ostlund et al., 2015), but it would be valuable to see more explorative studies accounting for changes in background systems, which are also in constant flux.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.9. Gaps and further research
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites € Ostlund et al., 2015
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, there is a lack of studies of future systems.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.9. Gaps and further research
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“This data is from an unspecified year of origin and lack information on, for example, recovery rates of certain chemicals used in the processes.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.9. Gaps and further research
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Patagonia (2006)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The studies also expose scenarios under which reuse and recycling may not be beneficial, for example in cases of low replacement rates, if recycling processes are powered by fossil energy, or if the avoided production processes are relatively clean.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 4. Conclusions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Monomer and polymer recycling have been studied in several of the reviewed studies, but the modelling is sometimes based on rough estimates and/or old inventory data.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.9. Gaps and further research
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thirdly, as mentioned in section 3.5, there is a need for studies on actual replacement rates for textile reuse and recycling, for various markets and product types.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.9. Gaps and further research
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Secondly, there is a lack of studies of the environmental potential of cascade systems designed to get the most out of a given virgin or recycled material.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.9. Gaps and further research
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“For example, the modelling of synthetic monomer recycling in Zamani et al. (2015) and Schmidt et al. (2016), and one of the four synthetic monomer recycling models in Shen et al. (2010a, b), are based on inventory data from Patagonia (2006), originally from the Japanese company Teijin.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.9. Gaps and further research
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To conclude, the reviewed publications elucidate several potential stumbling blocks for achieving environmental benefits by increasing textile reuse and recycling.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.8. Findings e the environmental potential of textile reuse and recycling
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“The global demand for textile products is steadily increasing (The Fiber Year Consulting, 2015;Oerlikon, 2010), a trend likely to continue due population growth and economic development.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites The Fiber Year Consulting, 2015
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Oerlikon, 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Sixty-three percent of textile fibres are derived from petrochemicals (Lenzing, 2017) whose production and fate give rise to considerable carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions (Shen et al., 2010a).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Lenzing, 2017
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The remaining 37% is dominated by cotton (24%), a thirsty plant associated with water depletion e the desiccation of the Aral Sea being the most infamous example (Micklin, 2007) e and toxic pollution, due to intensive use of pesticides (FAO-ICAC, 2015).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Micklin, 2007 source
- Not matchedcites FAO-ICAC, 2015
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The remaining 37% is dominated by cotton (24%), a thirsty plant associated with water depletion e the desiccation of the Aral Sea being the most infamous example (Micklin, 2007) e and toxic pollution, due to intensive use of pesticides (FAO-ICAC, 2015).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Micklin, 2007 source
- Not matchedcites FAO-ICAC, 2015
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The above percentages could be underestimates as at least one the studied reused/recycled materials is not specified in four of the publications, and information on the type of recycling is missing in six.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.1. Overview of publications
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Considering the low recycling rate today, there is a great potential to also increase recycling, particularly polymer, oligomer and monomer recycling, thereby preventing textile waste that cannot be reused or fabric/fibre-recycled from being landfilled or incinerated.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1.2. Current status of textile reuse and recycling
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“So from an LCA methodological perspective, either the aims are poorly phrased, or the studies of textile reuse and recycling are driven by an interest or curiosity to increase knowledge, rather than to support specific informational needs”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.3. Aims and scopes of publications
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“There are, however, large variations within Europe: more prominent examples are Germany, in which about 70% of disposed textiles are collected for reuse and recycling, whereof a fraction is separated for incineration (Textile Recycling Association, 2005), and Denmark, in which about 50% is collected, mainly for reuse domestically or abroad (Palm et al., 2014).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1.2. Current status of textile reuse and recycling
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Textile Recycling Association, 2005
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Roos et al. (2016) show that such a grand transition requires a combination of different measures for impact reduction, most likely including more reuse and recycling.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Roos et al. (2016) source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The high prevalence of fibre recycling is probably due to the fact that it is a relatively common recycling route, widely applied in commercial scale both in terms of downcycling (e.g. to insulation) and textile-to-textile recycling (e.g.re-spinning of new yarn from cotton or wool waste).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.1. Overview of publications
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“There are, however, large variations within Europe: more prominent examples are Germany, in which about 70% of disposed textiles are collected for reuse and recycling, whereof a fraction is separated for incineration (Textile Recycling Association, 2005), and Denmark, in which about 50% is collected, mainly for reuse domestically or abroad (Palm et al., 2014).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1.2. Current status of textile reuse and recycling
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Palm et al., 2014 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Wet treatment processes (dyeing, finishing, printing, etc.) are major sources of toxic emissions (Roos et al., 2015b), and spinning of yarns and weaving/knitting of fabrics most often rely on fossil energy use, causing emissions such as CO 2 and particulates (Roos et al., 2015a).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Roos et al., 2015a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, increased fibre production via recycling may increase total global fibre supply and thereby reduce the price and increase the demand for fibres.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.5. Allocation procedures and replacement rates
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear? Based: unclearIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Increased textile reuse and recycling could potentially reduce the production of virgin textile fibres and, in the case of reuse, also avoid engineering processes further downstream in the textile product life cycle, and thus reduce environmental impact.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1. Introduction
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This indicates that the interest for textile reuse and recycling (or at least the environmental impact thereof) is indeed greater in Europe than elsewhere, with a particularly strong interest in Northern Europe.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.3. Aims and scopes of publications
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The number of publications in a region reflects the level of interest in that region.
In the paper
“For example, in Europe about 15e20% of disposed textiles are collected (the rest is landfilled or incinerated), whereof about 50% is downcycled and 50% is reused, mainly through exporting to developing countries (Textile Recycling Association, 2005).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1.2. Current status of textile reuse and recycling
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Textile Recycling Association, 2005
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In either case, this makes it difficult for us to generalise regarding the intended use of the publications and to what extent methods and scopes generally have been designed to fulfil the intended use.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.3. Aims and scopes of publications
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“The preponderance of studies on polyester and cotton reflects the domination of fibre markets by these fibres e they occupy about 51% and 24% of the global market, respectively (Lenzing, 2017;The Fiber Year Consulting, 2015).”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.1. Overview of publications
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Lenzing, 2017
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites The Fiber Year Consulting, 2015
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Allwood et al. (2006) suggest greenhouse emissions, water use, toxic chemicals and waste are the main environmental issues facing the textile industry.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 1. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Allwood et al. (2006)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it is important to include impact categories corresponding to the environmental issues associated with conventional cotton, namely water depletion and toxicity”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.6. Impact categories and inventory indicators
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and allocation based on fibre length may become an obvious alternative for analysts wishing to avoid the uncertainties associated with system expansion and replacement rates.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.5. Allocation procedures and replacement rates
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Often only one or a few indicators are studied, introducing a risk that relevant impacts are missed, potentially contributing to problem shifting and sub-optimisation.”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 4. Conclusions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While presumably unproblematic for monomer recycling scenarios, successive reduction in the fibre length of the recycled fabrics or fibres over multiple reuse or recycling life cycles would reduce the range of functions available to manufacturers”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.5. Allocation procedures and replacement rates
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“So the common narrow focus on climate change and energy use may not capture the real benefits of many types of textile reuse and recycling, thereby potentially contributing to problem shifting”
§ Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling e A review > 3.6. Impact categories and inventory indicators
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Polymer, oligomer and monomer recycling typically yields fibres of similar quality to virgin fibres.
“In contrast, polymer, oligomer and monomer recycling typically yields fibres of similar quality to virgin fibres.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Collection and sorting of textile waste have non-negligible environmental impact.
“Nonetheless, the common exclusion of collection and sorting indicates that several studies have underestimated the environmental impact of reuse and recycling systems.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The benefits of reuse and recycling are mainly due to the avoidance of the manufacturing of new products.
“For example, as the benefits of reuse and recycling are mainly due to the avoidance of the manufacturing of new products, low replacement rates can eliminate the benefits (as was discussed in section 3.5).”
The paper relies on this without support.
The number of publications in a region reflects the level of interest in that region.
“This indicates that the interest for textile reuse and recycling (or at least the environmental impact thereof) is indeed greater in Europe than elsewhere, with a particularly strong interest in Northern Europe.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Abstract and results disagree on the share studying monomer recycling
MinorThe abstract reports 29% for monomer recycling, whereas the results and conclusions report 23%.
“monomer recycling (29%)”
“monomer recycling (23%)”
Abstract and results disagree on the share of studies covering reuse
MinorThe abstract says 41% of studies cover reuse, while the results and conclusions both say 44%.
“Forty-one studies were reviewed, whereof 85% deal with recycling and 41% with reuse (27% cover both reuse and recycling).”
“More publications deal with recycling (85%) than with reuse (44%).”
Abstract and results disagree on the share covering both reuse and recycling
MinorThe abstract reports 27% covering both reuse and recycling, but the results and conclusions report 29%.
“(27% cover both reuse and recycling)”
“It can be noted that it is quite common to study both reuse and recycling in the same publication (29% of publications).”
Citations
Cites
Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet
Steffen, W., Richardson, K., Rockström, J., Cornell, S. E., Fetzer, I., Bennett, E. M., Biggs, R., Carpenter, S. R., de Vries, W., de Wit, C. A., et al. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1259855 · Cited by 12,527
You are what you can access: Sharing and collaborative consumption online
Belk, R. (2014) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.10.001 · Cited by 2,951 · cited 1×
“In the academic literature, various forms of reuse have been conceptualised in terms such as collaborative consumption, product-service systems, commercial sharing systems and access-based consumption (Belk, 2014).”
BackgroundMicklin, P. (2007) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.35.031306.140120 · Cited by 755 · cited 7×
“…Guardia, 2017; Yasin et al., 2016; €Ostlund et al., 2015; Muthu et al., 2012a; Allwood et al., 2006), it is important to include impact categories corresponding to the environmental issues associated with conventional cotton, namely water depletion and toxicity (Roos et al., 2015a; Micklin, 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialAllocation in ISO 14041—a critical review
Ekvall, T., & Finnveden, G. (2001) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/s0959-6526(00)00052-4 · Cited by 519 · cited 1×
“…to when the material from a product is recycled and used in a (more or less) identical product, whereas open-loop recycling (also called cascade recycling) refers to processes in which the material from a product is recycled and used in another product (Ekvall and Finnveden, 2001; Kl€opffer, 1996).”
BackgroundOpen-loop recycling: A LCA case study of PET bottle-to-fibre recycling
Shen, L., Worrell, E., & Patel, M. K. (2010) · Resources, Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.06.014 · Cited by 514 · cited 4×
“Next to Shen et al. (2010b), Woolridge et al. (2006) and Liang et al. (2012) have gained most citations per year, 7.1 and 5.8, respectively.”
BackgroundInfluentialPutting a circular economy into practice in China
Zhi-jun, F., & Nai-ling, Y. (2007) · Sustainability Science · doi:10.1007/s11625-006-0018-1 · Cited by 385 · cited 2×
“The interest in increased textile reuse and recycling is consistent with the increased attention being given to the circular economy concept in international and national policy, see for example the 2015 EU Circular Economy Action Plan (EC, 2017) and the 11th Chinese five-year plan issued in 2006 (Zhijun and Nailing,…”
BackgroundZamani, B., Sandin, G., & Peters, G. M. (2017) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.128 · Cited by 339 · cited 2×
“Some authors identify the issue that unless the use phase is sufficiently extended, the additional transport and other efforts associated with additional life cycles may exceed the benefits of avoided production (Fortuna and Diyamandoglu, 2017; Zamani et al., 2017).”
BackgroundSelf-citationWell dressed? The present and future sustainability of clothing and textiles in the United Kingdom.
Mdr, C. (2006) · Cited by 324
Environmental impact assessment of man-made cellulose fibres
Shen, L., Worrell, E., & Patel, M. K. (2010) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.10.001 · Cited by 289 · cited 4×
“Next to Shen et al. (2010b), Woolridge et al. (2006) and Liang et al. (2012) have gained most citations per year, 7.1 and 5.8, respectively.”
BackgroundInfluentialEnvironmental benefits from reusing clothes
Farrant, L., Olsen, S. I., & Wangel, A. (2010) · The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment · doi:10.1007/s11367-010-0197-y · Cited by 278 · cited 5×
“Six publications include some kind of weighting, either endpoint indicators complementing midpoint indicators (Dahlbo et al., 2017; Beton et al., 2014; Palm et al., 2013; Farrant et al., 2010), or end-point indicators without showing results for the contributing midpoint indicators (Muthu et al.”
BackgroundInfluential
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Oerlikon, 2010, The fiber year 2009/10, World SurveyTextNonwovens Ind
- Östlund, 2015, Textilåtervinning: Tekniska möjligheter och utmaningar [Textile recycling – technical opportunities and challenges], Naturvårdsverket rapport, 6685
- Stevenson, 2012, Study into consumer second-hand shopping behaviour to identify the re-use displacement effect, Waste Res. Act. Prog. (WRAP)
- The Fiber Year Consulting, 2015, The Fiber Year 2015, World Survey on Textiles and Nonwovens, Issue, 15
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 1,084
Tama, D., Acar, E., BAKADUR, A. Ç., et al. (2023) · Fibers and Polymers · doi:10.1007/s12221-023-00197-6 · Cited by 13
Shamsi, M. A., Anwar, I., Chaudhary, A., Akhtar, S., & Ahmad, A. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su151813656 · Cited by 18
The leakage effect may undermine the circular economy efforts
Safarzyńska, K., Domenico, L. D., & Raberto, M. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-44004-x · Cited by 13
The Global South as a Wasteland for Global North’s Fast Fashion: Ghana in Focus
Mensah, J. (2023) · American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics · doi:10.11648/j.ajbes.20230903.12 · Cited by 13
The environmental impact of end-of-life PVC flex banners and its potential upcycling opportunities
Saatçıoğlu, K., & Venkatraman, P. D. (2024) · Waste Management Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.wmb.2024.08.008 · Cited by 13
Converting waste textiles into highly effective sorbent materials
Nasri‐Nasrabadi, B., & Byrne, N. (2020) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d0ra04616g · Cited by 14
Efficient preparation of ultrafine powder from waste cellulose by physicochemical method
Gan, L., Xiao, Z., Wang, A., et al. (2020) · Powder Technology · doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2020.10.092 · Cited by 13
Degradation of recalcitrant textile azo-dyes by fenton-based process followed by biochar polishing
Feuzer-Matos, A. J., Testolin, R. C., Cotelle, S., et al. (2021) · Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A · doi:10.1080/10934529.2021.1959774 · Cited by 13
“Since adsorption processes can be relatively costly, it is of interest to regenerate the dyesaturated biochar applying oxidative Fenton reactions, thus reducing the costs associated with the biochar.([20,22]) In this context, the aims of this study were to optimize the efficiency of the degradation of recalcitrant tex…”
BackgroundInvestigating postponement and speculation approaches to the end-of-life textile supply chain
Hinkka, V., Aminoff, A., Palmgren, R., et al. (2023) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138431 · Cited by 13
Cleaner production evaluation system for textile industry: An empirical study from LCA perspectives
Xu, C., Yu, H., Zhang, S., Shen, C., Ma, C., Ju, W., & Li, F. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169632 · Cited by 13
Todor, M. P., Bulei, C., Kiss, I., et al. (2019) · IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering · doi:10.1088/1757-899x/477/1/012055 · Cited by 13
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Self-citationCircular economy, circularity, and sustainability: A systematic review and conceptual framework
Sewenet, A. D., Boulaksil, Y., & Pisano, P. (2026) · Cleaner Environmental Systems · doi:10.1016/j.cesys.2026.100405 · Cited by 31
Rapid hydrogen generation from cotton wastes by mean of dark fermentation
Sołowski, G., Konkol, I., Shalaby, M., et al. (2020) · SN Applied Sciences · doi:10.1007/s42452-020-03247-3 · Cited by 12
An empirical study regarding the environmental sustainability practices in the textile industry
Sardar, S., Mohsin, M., Memon, M. S., et al. (2022) · Industria Textila · doi:10.35530/it.073.04.202152 · Cited by 12
Sustainability of recycling plastic waste as fibers for concrete: a review
Ojeda, J. P., & Mercante, I. T. (2023) · Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management · doi:10.1007/s10163-023-01729-1 · Cited by 14
Exploring clothing fit as a motivator for lifetime extension and circular disposal
Richardson, C., Boardman, R., & Gill, S. (2024) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107494 · Cited by 12
Unlocking the potential of nanocellulose from textile waste: a pathway to nanocomposite applications
Teixeira, M. A., Barreiros, M. P., Felgueiras, H. P., Fangueiro, R. M. E. S., & Ferreira, D. P. (2024) · Cellulose · doi:10.1007/s10570-024-06250-8 · Cited by 16
“Therefore, reusing and upcycling cotton are important alternatives which could potentially contribute to mitigating cotton farming’s environmental footprint through a reduction in the demand for virgin cotton (Esteve-Turrillas and de la Guardia 2017; Sandin and Peters 2018).”
Reuse of consumer products: Climate account and rebound effects potential
Bubinek, R., Knaack, U., & Cimpan, C. (2025) · Sustainable Production and Consumption · doi:10.1016/j.spc.2024.12.019 · Cited by 13
Yan, L., Zhang, S., Xu, W., et al. (2025) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128682 · Cited by 12
Loshin, A., Samarina, T. O., Vepsäläinen, V., Tervonen, A., & Laatikainen, O. (2025) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114966 · Cited by 13
Upscale recycling of nonwoven polypropylene waste using a novel blending method
Gill, Y. Q., Khurshid, M., Mehmood, U., Irfan, M. S., & Saeed, F. (2022) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.52927 · Cited by 16
Singh, K., & Baheti, V. (2022) · Synthetic Metals · doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2022.117220 · Cited by 12
Sustainable Innovation: Turning Waste into Soil Additives
Marczak, D., Lejcuś, K., Lejcuś, I., & Misiewicz, J. (2023) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma16072900 · Cited by 14
LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) on Recycled Polyester
Periyasamy, A. P., & Militký, J. (2019) · Textile science and clothing technology · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-9578-9_1 · Cited by 13
Lin, C.-W. R., Chen, M. T., Tseng, M., et al. (2020) · Symmetry · doi:10.3390/sym12071161 · Cited by 12
End of life clothes and their management
Cao, H. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818758-6.00008-9 · Cited by 12
Lopes, L. A., Dias, L. P., da Costa, H. P. S., et al. (2021) · Process Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2021.07.022 · Cited by 12
Review of Carbon Emission and Carbon Neutrality in the Life Cycle of Silk Products
Liu, S., Liu, H. D., Meng, Y., et al. (2022) · Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe · doi:10.2478/ftee-2022-0001 · Cited by 11
“Material recycling most often refers to the reprocessing of pre-or post-consumer waste silk products for use in new silk or other products [44].”
Procaccini, G., Prieto, A., Knaack, U., et al. (2023) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings14010086 · Cited by 11
“Additionally, given that textile structures have the advantage of being dismantlable, it is feasible to foresee a second (and even a third) life for these types of structures [9,22].”
BackgroundSantos, E. D. C., Silva, A. A. B., Faria, R. R. A., et al. (2024) · Materials Circular Economy · doi:10.1007/s42824-024-00104-1 · Cited by 11
“Fabric recycling routes can be mechanical (pre-treatment), chemical (depolymerization of polymeric fibers or dissolution of natural fibers), or thermal (conversion of PET pellets, chips, or flakes into fibers by melt extrusion) (Sandin and Peters 2018).”
A comparative life cycle assessment of textile fiber production processes: Hemp versus cotton
Jaczynska, K., Ruto, D. S., Orner, K. D., & Mehta, S. (2025) · Cleaner Waste Systems · doi:10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100277 · Cited by 11
Ibrahim, H. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.97899 · Cited by 11
Novel ultrasonic-assisted cleaner technology for cocoon brushing at low temperature
Xu, X., Yao, X., Jiang, K., et al. (2022) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132070 · Cited by 11
Milam-Guerrero, J., Kwon, D.-J., Choi, Y. Y., et al. (2023) · RSC Sustainability · doi:10.1039/d2su00068g · Cited by 11
Ravi, A., Krishnan, R., Ravuri, M., et al. (2024) · Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers · doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2023.105323 · Cited by 11
Testolin, R. C., Feuzer-Matos, A. J., Cotelle, S., et al. (2021) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-021-14211-y · Cited by 11
“Adoption of cleaner production practices to improve the environmental, economic, and operational performance of textile industries is essential to make these industries more environmentally friendly and sustainable (Sandin and Peters 2018; Yuksel 2008).”
BackgroundZhou, C., Girouard, F., O'Brien, B., et al. (2022) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d2gc00073c · Cited by 11
Brydges, T., Henninger, C. E., Amasawa, E., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Sustainable Fashion & Textiles · doi:10.1386/sft_0010_1 · Cited by 11
Fibre-to-Fibre Recycling in Textiles: Strategies, Limitations and Industrial Perspectives
Silva, A. C., Barreiros, M. P., Azevedo, T., Brás, D. R., Teixeira, M. A., Fangueiro, R. M. E. S., & Ferreira, D. P. (2026) · Textiles · doi:10.3390/textiles6010030 · Cited by 13
Potencial de logística reversa de pilhas e baterias no Tribunal de Justiça de Pernambuco, Brasil
Accioly, G. M. D. C., Cordeiro, L. F. A., Sales, A. T., et al. (2020) · Revista Brasileira de Gestão Ambiental e Sustentabilidade · doi:10.21438/rbgas(2020)071626 · Cited by 10
Glasper, M. J., Picerno, G., Tausif, M., et al. (2024) · Cleaner Engineering and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.clet.2024.100796 · Cited by 10
Improving textile waste biodegradation through fungal inoculation
Freeman, A., Glover, J., Interlandi, P., & Lawrie, A. C. (2024) · Cleaner Waste Systems · doi:10.1016/j.clwas.2024.100163 · Cited by 11
The Narrative of Circular Economy and Sustainability -A Critical Analysis of Fashion Industry
Gautam, R. (2024) · Circular Economy and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s43615-024-00417-y · Cited by 12
“These challenges encompass environmental pollution, noise pollution, adverse effects on human health, and constraints on resources [55, 56].”
Environmental assessment of cotton textile production in Peru: A case study for a cotton T-shirt
Flores, M. L. M., & Salhofer, S. P. (2025) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179031 · Cited by 10
Enzymatic Recovery of Glucose from Textile Waste
Valentukevičienė, M., Zekker, I., & Juozapaviciute, G. (2025) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr13041165 · Cited by 10
Dehghannejad, M., Pal, R., Dissanayake, G., & Sandberg, E. (2025) · Sustainable Production and Consumption · doi:10.1016/j.spc.2025.04.022 · Cited by 11
Valorising post-consumer denims through mechanical recycling and environmental life cycle assessment
Karmakar, S., Majumdar, A., & Butola, B. S. (2025) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145622 · Cited by 10
Lee, S. S., Bai, H., Chua, S. C., et al. (2021) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126671 · Cited by 10
Predicting Textile Recycling through the Lens of the Theory of Planned Behaviour
Vilkaité-Vaitoné, N., & Jesevičiūtė-Ufartienė, L. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su132011559 · Cited by 10
Parametric optimization of durable sheeting fabric using Taguchi Grey Relational Analysis
Jamshaid, H., Ahmad, N., Hussain, U., et al. (2022) · Journal of King Saud University - Science · doi:10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102004 · Cited by 10
Wesley, C., Pahlevani, F., Nur‐A‐Tomal, M. S., et al. (2022) · Resources Conservation & Recycling Advances · doi:10.1016/j.rcradv.2022.200123 · Cited by 10
Circular Sustainable Supply Chain Management Framework from the Perspective of Triple Bottom Line
SANTIAGO, B. D. S., Scavarda, L. F., Caiado, R. G. G., et al. (2023) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2023.08.037 · Cited by 10
REUSE IN PRACTICE: THE UK’S CAR AND CLOTHING SECTORS
Shaw, P. J., & Williams, I. D. (2018) · Detritus · doi:10.31025/2611-4135/2018.13735 · Cited by 10
“…materials rather than virgin resources have been demonstrated (e.g. Woolridge et al., 2006; Dhalbo et al., 2017; Esteve-Turillas et al., 2017); the benefits of clothing reuse have likewise been demonstrated and are likely to exceed the benefits of textile recycling (Sandin and Peters, 2018).”
BackgroundМихида, С. П., YEZHOVA, O. V., ABRAMOVA, O. V., et al. (2019) · Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala · doi:10.18662/rrem/165 · Cited by 10
“For example, according the study (Sandin & Peters, 2018) in Europe it collects about 15-20% of recycled textiles (the rest is dumped or incinerated), of which about 50% is recycled and 50% is reused, mainly through exports to developing countries.”
Clean Manufacturing and Green Practices in the Apparel Supply Chain
Akter, S., Ji, X., Sarker, M. M., et al. (2019) · Open Journal of Business and Management · doi:10.4236/ojbm.2020.81007 · Cited by 10
“Although, reuse and recycling are more beneficial than land filling, there are certain scenarios where reuse and recycling are not beneficial for the environment, for example, when replacement rates in the market are low, and recycling processes require harmful chemicals [19].”
BackgroundSustainable technologies for textile production
Islam, M. S., Ahmed, S., & Azady, M. A. R. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821483-1.00017-6 · Cited by 10
A Model Procedure for Catalytic Conversion of Waste Cotton into Useful Chemicals
Binczarski, M. J., Malinowska, J. Z., Stanishevsky, A. V., et al. (2021) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma14081981 · Cited by 10
Optimal recycling price strategy of clothing enterprises based on closed-loop supply chain
Cao, H., & Ji, X. (2022) · Journal of Industrial and Management Optimization · doi:10.3934/jimo.2021232 · Cited by 10
“It is found that neither manufacturer leader nor retailer leader is a stable supply chain structure, but the structure of equally distributing power among agents provides the best stability and performance[25].”
BackgroundEnvironmental Impacts of Polyester-Cotton Blend Compared to Cotton Fiber in Brazil
Ruschel-Soares, R., Contin, B., Siqueira, M. U., Fernandes, P. R. B., Soares, N. R., & Baruque-Ramos, J. (2022) · Materials Circular Economy · doi:10.1007/s42824-022-00056-4 · Cited by 10
“These textiles can be recycled mechanically, chemically, or, less frequently, energetically (Sandin & Peters 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialRubik, F., Nebel, K., Klusch, C., Karg, H., Hecht, K., Gerbig, M., Gärtner, S. O., & Boldrini, B. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16145954 · Cited by 10
Development of Eco-Efficient Composite from Textile Waste with Polyamide Matrix
Burgada, F., Arrieta, M. P., Borrell, B., et al. (2024) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym16142061 · Cited by 9
“It is in this context that the concept of waste revalorization becomes important as one of the measures to reduce the environmental impact of different human-generated wastes [5,6].”
BackgroundSubstance flow analysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber in China
Ning, J., Tang, S., Fu, Y., et al. (2024) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107984 · Cited by 9
Amiri-Aref, M., & Doostmohammadi, M. (2025) · Computers & Operations Research · doi:10.1016/j.cor.2025.106981 · Cited by 9
Yao, P., Shan, F., Li, D., et al. (2025) · Sustainable Production and Consumption · doi:10.1016/j.spc.2025.04.011 · Cited by 9
Managing plastic pollution: the role and impact of material flow analysis
Zhang, W., Qian, Z., Sun, Y., Huang, H., Zuo, Q., & Gong, L. (2025) · Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management · doi:10.1007/s10163-025-02254-z · Cited by 12
Certification for Solar Panel Reuse: A Systematic Review of Cross-Sector Practices and Gaps
Chhillar, I., Sandhu, S. K., Parida, S., & Majewski, P. J. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17135995 · Cited by 9
Pranta, A. D., Repon, M. R., Hajı, A., Rahman, M., & Rahman, M. M. (2025) · Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics · doi:10.1177/15589250251359273 · Cited by 15
Circular Economy in the Textile Industry: A Review of Technology, Practice, and Opportunity
Parnell, K., Rolston, A., Hilton, B., et al. (2025) · Recycling · doi:10.3390/recycling10060225 · Cited by 9
“Such strategies consequently hold lower environmental impact avoidance potential relative to closed-loop reuse [218].”
Curran, L., & Joltreau, T. (2026) · Journal of International Business Policy · doi:10.1057/s42214-025-00238-2 · Cited by 9
Valorisation of textile waste via steam gasification in a fluidized bed reactor
Vela, I. C., Maric, J., & Seemann, M. C. (2019) · Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology) · Cited by 9
Sources and Fates of Textile Solid Wastes and Their Sustainable Management
Islam, M. S., & Islam, J. M. M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-7525-9_109-1 · Cited by 9
Zhang, X., & Pan, Z. (2022) · Fibers and Polymers · doi:10.1007/s12221-022-4035-1 · Cited by 9
Chen, S., Chen, F., Zhu, L., et al. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15010817 · Cited by 9
Alves, P. H. T. F., Bahr, G., Clarke-Sather, A., et al. (2023) · Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering · doi:10.1115/1.4063993 · Cited by 9
Recycling Potential of Construction Materials: A Comparative Approach
Mayer, M. (2024) · Construction Materials · doi:10.3390/constrmater4010013 · Cited by 9
Miao, S., Liu, D., & Ma, J. (2020) · Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society · doi:10.1155/2020/5737514 · Cited by 9
“[28] proposed that waste recycling would bring greater environmental benefits than recycling.”
BackgroundVadivel, R., Nirmala, M., Raji, K., et al. (2021) · Journal of the Indian Chemical Society · doi:10.1016/j.jics.2021.100181 · Cited by 9
Gothár, E., & Schanz, H. (2022) · Sustainable Production and Consumption · doi:10.1016/j.spc.2022.03.019 · Cited by 9
Linear to Circular Waste Policies: Breathing Life into the Polluter Pays Principle?
Gachenga, E. (2022) · International Journal for Crime Justice and Social Democracy · doi:10.5204/ijcjsd.2351 · Cited by 9
“disciplines, including environmental science (Sandin and Peters 2018), economics (Wetengere 2018), anthropology (Brooks et al.”
BackgroundApplication of Chitosan in Textiles
Hasan, S., Boddu, V. M., Viswanath, D. S., et al. (2022) · Engineering materials and processes · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-01229-7_9 · Cited by 9
Tan, W., Zhang, L., Fu, F., et al. (2021) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129788 · Cited by 9
SULOLIPU, A. A., Soetjipto, B. E., Wahyono, H., et al. (2022) · Industria Textila · doi:10.35530//it.073.02.202056 · Cited by 8
García‐Alaminos, Á., Zafrilla, J. E., & Monsalve, F. (2024) · Economic Systems Research · doi:10.1080/09535314.2024.2345096 · Cited by 8
“In addition, cheap, fast and unconscious production and consumption trends are leading to problems related to waste and unsold stocks (Shirvani-moghaddam et al., 2020); thus, it is urgent to propose a circular-economy-oriented model (Ki et al., 2020; Niinimäki, 2017; Sandin & Peters, 2018).”
Jin, D., Choi, J. Y., Nam, J., et al. (2025) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.144665 · Cited by 8
Telfort, T. E., & Valilai, O. F. (2025) · Procedia CIRP · doi:10.1016/j.procir.2025.02.224 · Cited by 8
Analysis of green consumer behaviour towards the intention to purchase upcycled fashion products
Oncioiu, I., & Ifrim, A. M. (2022) · Industria Textila · doi:10.35530/it.073.05.202283 · Cited by 8
“Several authors [2, 4, 8] believe that research and innovation are needed to support the creation of a fully functional recycling sector for textiles while stimulating market demand for upcycling and recyclable fibres and yarns.”
BackgroundCircular Economy Practices in the Electrical and Electronic Equipment Sector in the European Union
Chersan, I.-C., Păunescu, M., Nichita, E.-M., Dumitru, V. F., & Manea, C. L. (2023) · Amfiteatru Economic · doi:10.24818/ea/2023/62/80 · Cited by 8
Comparative metagenomics and microbial dynamics of jute retting environment
Aktar, N., Emdad, E. M., Kabir, S. M. T., et al. (2023) · International Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s10123-023-00377-7 · Cited by 8
“The low carbon footprint of natural fiber-based products, specifically jute and jute-based products with net carbon sequestration as compared to synthetic fiber-based packaging materials, has created a new market demand for jute (Rana et al. 2014; Sandin and Peters 2018).”
Using Social Media Analytics for Extracting Fashion Trends of Preowned Fashion Clothes
Mohammadian, N., Raka, N. J., Wanyonyi, M., et al. (2023) · Lecture notes in mechanical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-6062-0_15 · Cited by 8
Sustainability, biodegradability and life cycle analysis of wool
Özek, H. Z. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99598-6.00021-9 · Cited by 12
Sustainable Performance Assessment of Textile and Apparel Industry in a Circular Context
Sağnak, M., Berberoğlu, Y., & Kazançoğlu, Y. (2024) · Sustainable textiles · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-51362-6_9 · Cited by 8
Wicaksono, P. A., Sari, D. P., Azzahra, F., & Sa'adati, N. A. (2024) · International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning · doi:10.18280/ijsdp.190813 · Cited by 12
“Moreover, reusing clothing has been recognized as part of the optimal solutions to reduce the negative impact [15].”
Boyer, R. H. W., Hunka, A. D., Vanacore, E., & Brauer, H. B. (2025) · Circular Economy and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s43615-025-00527-1 · Cited by 12
“There is strong evidence that product reuse reduces the use of energy and resources relative to virgin-or recycled products, particularly in the case of non-consumable, unpowered products like clothing [ 12–16 ].”
Sustainable Green-Based Composites from Renewable Resources in Textile: Industrial Cotton Wastes
Koçak, D., Taşdemi̇r, M., & Gül, Ç. (2020) · Sustainable textiles · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-38013-7_3 · Cited by 8
Turning Plastic Wastes Into Textile Products
Sezgin, H., & Yalçın-Eniş, İ. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-7525-9_105-1 · Cited by 8
Role of Experimental Damage Mechanics for the Circular Economy Implementation in Cotton Industries
Hussain, A., & Mujtaba, M. A. (2021) · Journal of Modern Nanotechnology · doi:10.53964/jmn.2021004 · Cited by 8
Redesigning Fashion Industry: A Transformational Circular Approach
Patwa, N., & Seetharaman, A. (2019) · Journal of Applied Business and Economics · doi:10.33423/jabe.v21i8.2592 · Cited by 9
Non-Woven Tissues as Novel Cosmetic Carriers for a Green Beauty
Morganti, P., Morganti, G., Coltelli, M., Yudin, W. E., Chen, H., & Gagliardini, A. (2022) · Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research · doi:10.21926/aeer.2202021 · Cited by 8
Girish, V., Pazzi, J. E., Li, A., et al. (2019) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01621 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Sandin, G., & Peters, G. M.
- Affiliations
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Sandin, Gustav
- ORCID
- Sandin, Gustav
- Venue
- Journal of Cleaner Production
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-05
- Volume
- 184
- Pages
- 353-365
- ISSN
- 0959-6526 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2789335896
- Cited by
- 1,087
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 170 · 2025: 185 · 2024: 152 · 2023: 135 · 2022: 148 · 2021: 123 · 2020: 107 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 36.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Cleaner Production (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Diva portal (Dalarna University Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Union's (646226)
- Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Waste Management and Recycling
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Sustainable Supply Chain Management
- Keywords
- textile reuse, textile recycling, environmental impact, fiber recycling, polymer recycling, cotton, polyesters, incineration, landfilling, replacement rate, cascade systems, life cycle assessment
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