The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Life cycle assessment of natural graphite production for lithium-ion battery anodes based on industrial primary data
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Recent LCAs for natural and synthetic graphite reported values of 9.6 (Engels et al., 2022) and 20.6 (Surovtseva et al., 2022) kg CO 2 -eq kg -1 , respectively, which are much higher than earlier-reported numbers.”
From Think global act local: The dependency of global lithium-ion battery emissions on production location and material sources (2024) · cites this paper as Engels et al., 2022
In the citing paper
“However, as both materials are known to drive the CF of batteries5,24,34, it was decided to include their emission ranges in the battery CF Monte Carlo simulation based on country-specific secondary literature.”
From Carbon footprint distributions of lithium-ion batteries and their materials (2024) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“The production of battery-grade raw materials also contributes substantially to the carbon footprint of LIBs (e.g., 5%-15% for lithium and about 10% for graphite).”
From Decarbonizing lithium-ion battery primary raw materials supply chain (2024) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Synthetic and natural graphite have the highest on-site electricity consumption, at 36 and 8.7 kWh kg 1 , respectively, primarily due to electrified high-temperature processes like graphitization (3,000 C) and coating (1,300 C).”
From Decarbonizing lithium-ion battery primary raw materials supply chain (2024) · cites this paper as [11]
Citations
Cites
Saltelli, A., Annoni, P., Azzini, I., Campolongo, F., Ratto, M., & Tarantola, S. (2010) · Computer Physics Communications · doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2009.09.018 · Cited by 3,623
Sensitivity analysis of environmental models: A systematic review with practical workflow
Pianosi, F., Beven, K. J., Freer, J. E., Hall, J. W., Rougier, J., Stephenson, D. B., & Wagener, T. (2016) · Environmental Modelling & Software · doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.02.008 · Cited by 1,727
Comparative Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Conventional and Electric Vehicles
Hawkins, T. R., Singh, B., Majeau‐Bettez, G., & Strømman, A. H. (2013) · Journal of Industrial Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00532.x · Cited by 1,670
Contribution of Li-Ion Batteries to the Environmental Impact of Electric Vehicles
Notter, D. A., Gauch, M., Widmer, R., Wäger, P. A., Stamp, A., Zah, R., & Althaus, H. (2010) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es903729a · Cited by 902
Life cycle assessment of a lithium-ion battery vehicle pack
Ellingsen, L. A., Majeau‐Bettez, G., Singh, B., Srivastava, A. K., Valøen, L. O., & Strømman, A. H. (2014) · Journal of Industrial Ecology · doi:10.1111/jiec.12072 · Cited by 665
Majeau-Bettez, G., Hawkins, T. R., & Strømman, A. H. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es103607c · Cited by 662
Life cycle assessment of lithium-ion batteries for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles–Critical issues
Zackrisson, M., Avellán, L., & Orlenius, J. (2010) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.06.004 · Cited by 551
Life cycle analysis of lithium-ion batteries for automotive applications
Dai, Q., Kelly, J. C., Gaines, L., & Wang, M. (2019) · Batteries · doi:10.3390/batteries5020048 · Cited by 491
Purification, application and current market trend of natural graphite: A review
Jara, A. D., Betemariam, A., Woldetinsae, G., & Kim, J. Y. (2019) · International Journal of Mining Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.ijmst.2019.04.003 · Cited by 467
Toward Green Battery Cells: Perspective on Materials and Technologies
Dühnen, S., Betz, J., Kolek, M., Schmuch, R., Winter, M., & Placke, T. (2020) · Small Methods · doi:10.1002/smtd.202000039 · Cited by 408
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Dunn, 2015, vol. 2021
- Ellingsen, 2014, Life cycle assessment of a lithium-ion battery vehicle Pack, J. Ind. Ecol., 18, 113, 10.1111/jiec.12072 · DOI · Paper page
- Hall, 2018, vol. 12
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Lai, X., Chen, Q., Tang, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, F., Guo, Y., Bhagat, R., & Zheng, Y. (2022) · eTransportation · doi:10.1016/j.etran.2022.100169 · Cited by 566
Flash Recycling of Graphite Anodes
Chen, W., Salvatierra, R. V., Li, J. T., Kittrell, C., Beckham, J. L., Wyss, K. M., La, N., Savas, P. E., Ge, C. C., Advincula, P. A., et al. (2022) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202207303 · Cited by 170
Carbon footprint distributions of lithium-ion batteries and their materials
Peiseler, L., Schenker, V., Schatzmann, K., Pfister, S., Wood, V., & Schmidt, T. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-54634-y · Cited by 131
Comprehensive evaluation on production and recycling of lithium-ion batteries: A critical review
Ren, Z., Li, H., Yan, W., Lv, W., Zhang, G., Lv, L., Sun, L. L., Sun, Z. H. I., & Gao, W. (2023) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2023.113585 · Cited by 108
Developing safe and high-performance lithium-ion batteries: Strategies and approaches
Chen, G., Tan, R. Q., Zeng, C., Li, Y., Zou, Z., Wang, H., Ouyang, C., Wan, J., & Yang, J. (2025) · Progress in Materials Science · doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2025.101516 · Cited by 106
Metadata
- Authors
- Engels, P., Cerdas, F., Dettmer, T., Frey, C., Hentschel, J., Herrmann, C., Mirfabrikikar, T., & Schueler, M.
- Affiliations
- Technische Universität Braunschweig (DE)
- Volkswagen Group (Germany) (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Engels, Philipp
- Venue
- Journal of Cleaner Production
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-02
- Volume
- 336
- Pages
- 130474
- ISSN
- 0959-6526 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4205540374
- Cited by
- 178
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 56 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 12
- FWCI
- 9.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Cleaner Production (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Metals and Alloys › Extraction and Separation Processes
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Photovoltaic Systems and Sustainability
- Keywords
- natural graphite, lithium-ion battery anodes, graphite production, life cycle inventory, primary data, global warming potential, greenhouse gas emissions, electric vehicles, battery materials, data gaps, Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis, cradle-to-gate emissions
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
